Tack Value Research Articles

Effect of Ink Tack Value on the Ink Trapping in Lithographic Printing

This study investigated the effect of ink tack value on the ink transfer process in lithographic printing. The ink trapping is estimated optically with the use of densities. The ink trapping alters as a function of ink tack difference between the lower and upper ink. For the set of process colour inks that the tack difference between them is lower than 1 point, the ink trapping increases as the higher tack ink overprints lower tack ones. The proper ink sequence for the investigated system is M-C-Y.

Studying on Producing the Fluoresence Offset Printing Ink

The fluorescent offset printing inks are the popular materials used in security printing. The producing process of offset ink includes two main steps as mixing components and grinding ink. This paper presents the studied results regarding the determination of the optimized conditions of the fluorescent offset ink producing process. Three design factors are evaluated as the varnish content, pigment content, and an enhanced degree of roller pressure. The target of the regression function is the particle size of the fluorescent offset ink. The box-wilson steep ascent method and the first-order mathematical model were applied to design a factorial experiment. The optimal conditions obtained from the surface response are varnish content of 74 % by weight, pigment content of 16 % by weight, and pressure enhance of 20 bar. Additionally, the fluorescent offset ink samples prepared under the optimized conditions meet the standards of offset ink namely viscosity, tack value, particle size, and fluorescent properties.

Enhanced Heat Resistance of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive by Incorporating Silicone Blocks Using Silicone-Based Macro-Azo-Initiator

To improve the heat resistance of acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), silicone-block-containing acrylic PSAs (SPSAs) were synthesized using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based macro-azo-initiator (MAI). To evaluate the heat resistance of the PSA films, the probe tack and 90° peel strength were measured at different temperatures. The acrylic PSA showed that its tack curves changed from balanced debonding at 25 °C to cohesive debonding at 50 °C and exhibited a sharp decrease. However, in the case of SPSA containing 20 wt% MAI (MAI20), the balanced debonding was maintained at 75 °C, and its tack value hardly changed with temperature. As the MAI content increased, the peel strength at 25 °C decreased due to the microphase separation between PDMS- and acryl-blocks in SPSA, but the shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) increased almost linearly from 41.3 to 122.8 °C. Unlike stainless steel substrate, SPSA showed improved peel strength on a polypropylene substrate due to its low surface energy caused by PDMS block. Owing to the addition of 20 wt% silicone-urethane dimethacrylate oligomer and 200 mJ/cm2 UV irradiation dose, MAI20 showed significantly increased 90° peel strength at 25 °C (548.3 vs. 322.4 gf/25 mm for pristine MAI20). Its heat resistance under shear stress assessed by shear adhesion failure test (SAFT) exhibited raising in failure temperature to 177.3 °C when compared to non-irradiated sample.

Preparation of high‐tack value adhesive for offset printing inline cold foil stamping and its performance characterization

A high‐tack‐value adhesive for offset printing inline cold foil stamping was prepared using rosin‐modified phenolic resin, terpene resin, industrial soybean oil, and solvent oil. The prepared adhesive can overcome the low accuracy of cold foil stamping and reproduction of existing conventional adhesives. The tack value, viscosity, ink (adhesive) thread length, ink flow, viscoelasticity, thixotropy, emulsification rate, and solid content of the prepared adhesives were characterized. The adhesive was applied on a MAN ROLAND 700 eight‐color offset printing cold foil stamping press. Stamping quality was evaluated. Results showed that the prepared adhesive has high tack value and the increment of the tack value is small with increasing test time. To achieve good stamping quality, the tack value of the adhesive should be controlled between 20 to 30, and its viscosity and emulsification rate should be kept at approximately 80 Pa·s and within the range of 30% to 40%, respectively. Appropriate levels of viscoelasticity, thixotropy, and ink flow were also necessary. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:139–144, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Study on the Relationships between Plastic Viscosity and Tack Value of Offset Printing Ink

In order to find out the variation law of ink stickiness during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. At the same time, the plastic viscosities of 8 offset inks and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). Also, the printing ink having high viscosity may possess low tack value.

Research on the Relationships between Plastic Viscosity of Picking Liquids and its Tack Value

In order to find out the relation between viscosity and adhesiveness (tack value), different rate printing varnish was respectively added to a lemon yellow ink for manufacturing several ink samples, and then their viscosity were tested. In addition, plastic viscosities of the 13 picking liquids were measured, and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study result showed that the picking liquid having high viscosity may be have low tack value, but printing varnish can decrease simultaneously plastic viscosity and tack value of one picking liquid.

A statistical experimental design approach to evaluate the influence of various penetration enhancers on transdermal drug delivery of buprenorphine

A series of drug-in-adhesive transdermal drug delivery systems (patch) with different chemical penetration enhancers were designed to deliver drug through the skin as a site of application. The objective of our effort was to study the influence of various chemical penetration enhancers on skin permeation rate and adhesion properties of a transdermal drug delivery system using Box–Behnken experimental design. The response surface methodology based on a three-level, three-variable Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the interactive effects on dependent variables including, the rate of skin permeation and adhesion properties, namely peel strength and tack value. Levulinic acid, lauryl alcohol, and Tween 80 were used as penetration enhancers (patch formulations, containing 0–8% of each chemical penetration enhancer). Buprenorphine was used as a model penetrant drug. The results showed that incorporation of 20% chemical penetration enhancer into the mixture led to maximum skin permeation flux of buprenorphine from abdominal rat skin while the adhesion properties decreased. Also that skin flux in presence of levulinic acid (1.594μg/cm2h) was higher than Tween 80 (1.473μg/cm2h) and lauryl alcohol (0.843μg/cm2h), and in mixing these enhancers together, an additional effect was observed. Moreover, it was found that each enhancer increased the tack value, while levulinic acid and lauryl alcohol improved the peel strength but Tween 80 reduced it. These findings indicated that the best chemical skin penetration enhancer for buprenorphine patch was levulinic acid. Among the designed formulations, the one which contained 12% (wt/wt) enhancers exhibited the highest efficiency.

Study on the Relationships between Offset Ink Tack Value and its Viscosity, the Separation Velocity

In order to find out the variation law of ink stickiness during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. At the same time, the plastic viscosities of 8 offset inks and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). Also, the printing ink having high viscosity may possess low tack value.

Analysis of the shortness of offset ink as a function of tack on paper by comparing elastic and Hencky strain extension

We conducted a study to differentiate between the effects of the extensional length of an offset ink and its film split tack behavior related to the blanket paper ink film separation on a press. Two separation techniques were used to study these phenomena separately: constant force and thus varying acceleration, giving sensitivity biased toward ink length; and constant extensional strain rate (Hencky strain rate), giving sensitivity biased toward ink on paper tack and viscosity. In general, high intrinsic ink tack level seems to correspond to high ink on paper tack value. Both methods identify the tack cycle as ink oil is removed by capillary action into the substrate. The extensional strain rate matches more closely the film splitting effect of the print cylinders, identifying effects of extensional viscosity. In contrast, the constant force technique is sensitive to length of an ink as a result of tack build. A range of inks of different shortness (inverse length) was analyzed using the two methods on coated paper. Development of tack differed for the range of inks according to shortness, and thus the way they responded to the two measurement techniques. Differentiation was obtained between the behavior during tack rise, the balance between adhesion and maximum internal tack, and the tack fall over time. The development of shortness as a function of ink on paper tack provides new insights into the basis for piling, paper strength demands, and runnability under different press dynamics.

Research on the Tack Value of Offset Printing Ink

In order to find out the variation law of ink stickiness during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. At the same time, the plastic viscosities of 8 offset inks and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). Also, the printing ink having high viscosity may possess low tack value.

Study on the Relation between Ink Tack Value and Wavers Velocity

In order to find out the variation law of ink tack during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested with an electric ink tack-o-meter in this article, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). At the same time, the relationships between ink tack and the roller linear velocity was different for various inks, so did the infinite tack value.

Study on the Relationship between Plastic Viscosity and Tack Value of Picking Liquid

In order to find out the relation between viscosity and adhesiveness (tack value), different rate printing varnish was respectively added to a lemon yellow ink for manufacturing several ink samples, and then their viscosity were tested. In addition, plastic viscosities of the 13 picking liquids were measured, and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study result showed that the picking liquid having high viscosity may be have low tack value, but printing varnish can decrease simultaneously plastic viscosity and tack value of one picking liquid.

Effects of the Velocity of Ink Distributing Roller on Ink Tack Value

In order to find out the variation law of ink tack during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested with an electric ink tack-o-meter in this article, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). At the same time, the relationships between ink tack and the roller linear velocity was different for various inks, so did the infinite tack value.

Catalyst layer optimization by surface tension control during ink formulation of membrane electrode assemblies in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

A cost effective production of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) is a crucial issue for the generation of electricity by proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The deposition of the exact catalyst content on the electrodes in a single printing step is desirable to save processing time and enable cost reduction. In this study, an innovative MEA production process by screen print is developed to produce high performance catalyst layers. The control of the surface tension of the catalyst ink is fundamental to allow the catalyst layer deposition in a single printing step. The electrodes prepared in this way show higher performance than those prepared in several steps. The optimal ink developed shows a viscosity of 2.75Pas, a total solid content of 33.76wt.%, a density of 1.294gcm−3, and tack value of 92 U.T.

A New Liposomal-Drug-in-Adhesive Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Sodium Diclofenac

Liposomes are known to have considerable potential as drug carriers such as liposomal suspension, freeze dried and cream-based systems among many other liposomal formulations. In this study a new drug-in-adhesive patch was fabricated using liposome-based nanocarrier. Transfersomes as ultra-deformable liposomes are based on phosphatidylcholin 95% (phospholipon 90G) and phosphatidylcholin 50% (phosal 50PG) were prepared and further optimized in a final acrylic patch system for effective adhesion. The prepared liposomes were added to an acrylic adhesive to obtain a new hybrid transdermal patch termed as “lipo-drug-in-adhesive” patch system. The sodium diclofenac was selected as a model drug and the permeation of the drug across rat skin was evaluated (P > 0.05), using the lipo-drug-in-adhesive patch system with various percentages of transfersomes (4% - 8%w/w) and constant concentration of the drug (2% w/w). The peel strength and tack value of samples were also examined and quantified. The maximum flux of sodium diclofenac was observed in samples containing 8% (w/w) phosphatidylcholin 50%. The peel strength and tack value in samples containing phosphatidylcholin 50% were lower than those samples containing phosphatidylcholin 95%. It was observed that with increased amount of liposome in drug-in-adhesive patch system, the rate of skin permeation of the drug was also increased. It can be concluded that the developed lipo-drug-in-adhesive patch system enhances the drug release potential of transdermal delivering systems.

Effect of Sodium Sulfate on the Viscosity, Tack, and Adhesion Properties of SMR 10-based Pressure-sensitive Adhesive

The effect of sodium sulfate as filler on viscosity, tack, and adhesion properties of Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR 10)-based pressure-sensitive adhesive were studied. Coumarone-indene resin and toluene were used as the tackifier and solvent respectively throughout the experiment. The results show that viscosity of adhesive increases with addition of sodium sulfate. For rolling ball tack test, the distance traveled by rolling ball decreases with increasing sodium sulfate concentration indicating the increase of tack value with sodium sulfate. The distance traveled by the rolling ball decreases with coating thickness of adhesive. For cross-hatch adhesion test, result shows that maximum adhesion occurs between 30 and 40 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) of sodium sulfate content, an observation which is attributed to the maximum of wettability of adhesive. The 60 μm of adhesive coating thickness shows good performance of adhesion property of SMR 10-based pressure-sensitive adhesive.

Tack and viscoelastic properties of an acrylic block copolymer/tackifier system

The role of tackifier in a pressure sensitive adhesive tape was investigated. For this purpose, a model pressure sensitive adhesive was prepared using an acrylic block copolymer consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate) as base polymer and a tackifier. The poly(butyl acrylate) oligomer was also used as a diluent to compare the effect on the adhesion properties. Tack was measured using a rolling tack tester in wide temperature and rolling rate ranges, and the master curve was made in accordance with the time–temperature superposition law. The tack increased and the failure mode varied from cohesive failure to interfacial failure with an increase in the rolling rate. The tack was higher in the tackifier added system than in the oligomer added system. From a dynamic mechanical analysis, the modulus at high temperature decreased by the addition of both tackifier and oligomer, however, the glass transition temperature of poly(butyl acrylate) and the modulus at low temperature increased only by the addition of tackifier. The dynamic viscoelastic properties were measured in wide temperature and frequency ranges, and the master curve was also made. The viscoelastic properties varied in the order of viscosity, rubbery and glassy with an increase in the deformation rate. It was clarified that the tack value and the failure mode were strongly dependent upon the viscoelastic properties of adhesive. Both tackifier and oligomer improves the mobility of base polymer, whereas, only tackifier increases the cohesive strength of base polymer.

The influence of loose and semianchored siloxane polymer chains on the tack of crosslinked silicone rubber

AbstractThe influence of addition of nonreactive silicone oil or semianchored silicone polymer on crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) rubber–rubber adhesion was studied. The additives can be considered either a tackifier, or connector molecules, able to cross the interface and entangle. In both cases, it influences the tack of the elastomers. An additional variable is the molecular weight of the additive, which affects the reptation of the polymer chains. Polymer–polymer demixing, which is the result of thermodynamic incompatibility of mixed polymers is another factor that influences tack. It causes the free chains to appear at the surface forming a layer of oil, which actually destroys the tack of the PDMS samples. The resulting tack phenomena as a function of oil, respectively semianchored silicone polymer chains, are very much dependent on the transient nature of the polymer reptation: in many cases the polymers need very long time periods to obtain equilibrium in interphase crossing, or oil sweats out of the crosslinked polymers, forming a liquid layer between the two phases resulting in a low tack value, due to hydrodynamic wetting alone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of a New Fentanyl Patch Based on Acrylic/Silicone Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Blends

In this study, the influence of the ratio of silicone (Si) to acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and lauryl alcohol (LA) % (wt/wt) on the properties of a drug in adhesive patch containing 4% (wt/wt) fentanyl as model drug was evaluated. The dependent variables selected were drug solubility, in vitro drug release in the platforms as well as adhesion properties including peel strength and tack value. By using the central composite design of Design Expert software, it was found that the effect of each factor was different, yet all had influenced dependent variables significantly (p < .05). Quadratic model generated for various response variables using backward regression analysis was found to be statistically significant (p < .05). It was deduced that the presence of PVP and Si displayed similar trends on drug solubility and release. Each role played by Si with LA and PVP in release rate was separately investigated, and it was found that the presence of PVP and LA in lowering the amount of drug released was more dominant compared with that of Si. The release patterns at the early and later stages follow the Higuchi and semiempirical models, respectively. Effect of PVP as well as Si and LA were similar on tack value. The influence of LA compared to peeling characteristics of Si system was more pronounced.

Miscibility and tack of blends of poly (vinylpyrrolidone)/acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive

In this study, miscibility and tack of blends of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)/acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) were evaluated. For this purpose, appropriate amounts of PVP (2–30% w/w) were added to an acrylic PSA to obtain visually homogeneous solution. The resulting solution was evenly applied on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with final specific thicknesses of 10, 40, and 70 μm by using a film applicator and miscibility as well as tack values were evaluated. With the addition of 2% (w/w) PVP the tack value decreased and increased in 5% (w/w) PVP and then continuously decreased up to 30%(w/w). It was found that the tack value was related to miscibility as well as to viscosity and the free functional group such as hydroxyl group of the blend. By the morphological analysis performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also by the study of thermal analysis using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) behavior of blends, it was found that the two distinct phases constituted after adding 5% (w/w) of PVP. This resulted in the acrylic PSA forming the continuous phase, and by increasing the concentration of PVP a dispersed phase was developed. The dispersed phase has a higher viscosity than the continuous phase and therefore cannot wet the adherent and hence result in lowering the tack values.