Tabletop Mountain Research Articles

Head in the clouds: two new microendemic tepui-summit species of Stefania (Anura: Hemiphractidae)

In addition to the type locality (the summit of Aprada-tepui, Bolívar State of Venezuela), the distribution of the egg-brooding frog Stefania satelles was long thought to include several isolated tabletop mountain (tepui) summits surrounding the large Chimantá Massif in Bolívar State (hence the Latin name “satelles”). However, multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that this taxon includes several undescribed morphologically cryptic species, and that S. satelles should be restricted to its type locality. Two tepui-summit species confused under that name in the literature remain to be named, and the present paper aims at describing these populations previously referred to as Stefania sp. 3 and S. sp. 5. Stefania sp. 3 is only known from the small summit of Angasima-tepui, while S. sp. 5 is only reported from the small summit of Upuigma-tepui, both mountains being located south of the Chimantá Massif. These new, phylogenetically distinct species are described based on external morphology and osteology and in comparison to close relatives in the S. ginesi clade, which consists exclusively of tepui summit species. Both new species have highly restricted geographic ranges (less than 3 km2) and should be listed as Critically Endangered according to IUCN criteria.

Ancient and remote quartzite caves as a novel source of culturable microbes with biotechnological potential

Quartzite caves located on table-top mountains (tepuis) in the Guyana Shield, are ancient, remote, and pristine subterranean environments where microbes have evolved peculiar metabolic strategies to thrive in silica-rich, slightly acidic and oligotrophic conditions. In this study, we explored the culturable fraction of the microbiota inhabiting the (ortho)quartzite cave systems in Venezuelan tepui (remote table-top mountains) and we investigated their metabolic and enzymatic activities in relation with silica solubilization and extracellular hydrolytic activities as well as the capacity to produce antimicrobial compounds. Eighty microbial strains were isolated with a range of different enzymatic capabilities. More than half of the isolated strains performed at least three enzymatic activities and four bacterial strains displayed antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial producers Paraburkholderia bryophila CMB_CA002 and Sphingomonas sp. MEM_CA187, were further analyzed by conducting chemotaxonomy, phylogenomics, and phenomics. While the isolate MEM_CA187 represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas imawarii sp. nov. is proposed, P. bryophila CMB_CA002 is affiliated with a few strains of the same species that are antimicrobial producers. Chemical analyses demonstrated that CMB_CA002 produces ditropolonyl sulfide that has a broad range of activity and a possibly novel siderophore. Although the antimicrobial compounds produced by MEM_CA187 could not be identified through HPLC-MS analysis due to the absence of reference compounds, it represents the first soil-associated Sphingomonas strain with the capacity to produce antimicrobials. This work provides first insights into the metabolic potential present in quartzite cave systems pointing out that these environments are a novel and still understudied source of microbial strains with biotechnological potential.

Out of sight, but not out of mind: a name for the Stefania (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the summit of Murisipán-tepui (Bolívar State, Venezuela)

Previous molecular analyses of the frog genus Stefania have shown that species boundaries in that group are often difficult to delineate when solely based on morphology. As a consequence, “taxonomically cryptic” species are not uncommon in the genus. Several highland Stefania species remain to be described, some potentially critically endangered due to their highly restricted geographic ranges. One case is the microendemic Stefania population from the summit of Murisipán-tepui, a poorly explored table-top mountain in the Los Testigos Massif, a small tepui mountain range located north to the much larger Chimantá Massif in southern Venezuela. That population, mistaken as S. satelles for two decades, was later reported as Stefania sp. 2 and belongs to the S. ginesi clade. The new species is phylogenetically distinct but phenotypically similar to S. satelles, a taxon restricted to its type-locality, i.e. the summit of Aprada-tepui in Venezuela. The new species is described based on morphology and cranial osteology. Molecular divergences with S. satelles are high (> 8%) in the barcoding fragment of 16S rRNA. Amended definitions for the two other described species in the S. ginesi clade (S. ginesi and S. satelles) are also provided. The new species should be listed as critically endangered according to IUCN criteria.

Bones and all: a new critically endangered Pantepui species of Stefania (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and a new osteological synapomorphy for the genus

The hemiphractid frog genus Stefania is one of the many ancient (near-) endemic lineages of vertebrates inhabiting the biodiverse Pantepui biogeographical region in the Guiana Shield Highlands of northern South America—the famous “Lost World” of Arthur Conan Doyle. Previous molecular analyses of the genus Stefania have indicated that species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships are often incongruent with morphological traits in that clade. A substantial number of “taxonomically cryptic” species, often microendemic, remain to be described. This is notably the case for an isolated population from the summit of Wei-Assipu-tepui, a small table-top mountain at the border between Guyana and Brazil. That population was previously known as Stefania sp. 6 and belongs to the S. riveroi clade. The new species is phylogenetically distinct, but phenotypically extremely similar to S. riveroi, a taxon found only on the summit of Yuruaní-tepui in Venezuela and recovered as sister to all the other known species in the S. riveroi clade. The new taxon is described based on morphology and osteology. Data about genetic divergences within the S. riveroi clade are provided. A new synapomorphy for the genus Stefania is proposed: the presence of a distal process on the third metacarpal. Amended definitions are offered for the three other species in the S. riveroi clade (S. ayangannae, S. coxi, S. riveroi). The new species should be listed as Critically Endangered according to IUCN criteria.

Insights into dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) distribution along an elevational gradient in a tepui table-top mountain in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract Elevational gradients are excellent models to understand species distribution across sites with marked shifts in environmental conditions. In northern South America, tepuis are table-top mountains with elevations above 1000 m and high biodiversity and endemism levels. In this study, we assessed the effect of elevation on dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblage structure (species richness, abundance, and biomass) in Tepequém, a tepui located in northern Brazil. Dung beetles were sampled with pitfall traps within seven elevational bands from 250 to 850 m. A total of 83 individuals from 14 species were collected, Oxysternon festivum (Linnaeus, 1758) and an unidentified Onthophagus species being the most abundant. Elevation did not affect beetle species richness and biomass. However, species composition from 750 to 850 m differed statistically from that recorded at lower elevations. Our results suggest that beetle assemblages possess a bimodal distribution along an altitudinal gradient on the Tepequém. The contrasting vegetation structure of tepuis between highlands (shrubland savannah vegetation) and lowlands (tropical rainforest) explains the different composition of the assemblages. This study should be considered as a starting point in improving our understanding of the dung beetle diversity of tepuis, which present a unique singular relationship between elevation and species diversity.

Tourism may threaten wildlife disease refugia

AbstractThe remoteness and isolation of South American tabletop mountain (tepui) summits may protect against infections that underpin global amphibian declines. Increases in recreational pressure in such unspoiled destinations, and in isolated ecosystems globally, pose a poorly understood risk of wildlife disease introduction, especially in supposedly immunologically naïve communities. We here report the first observed chytrid infections in the Pantepui biogeographical region. Infections significantly correlate with proximity to the nearest basic tourist infrastructure in four endemic amphibians occurring on tepui summits and their slopes. Phylogenetic relationships and environmental context suggest a high risk of severe and irreversible population declines in unique, early branching amphibians. These findings advocate for an urgent control of recreational pressure in isolated, highly vulnerable ecosystems.

Avifauna and biogeographical affinities of acarrasco-dominated landscape in north-eastern Brazil: providing baseline data for future monitoring

SummaryThecarrascois a dense, shrubby vegetation type that covers the higher parts of table-top mountains in north-eastern Brazil. The vegetation of this phytophysiognomy is often considered to have biogeographical and ecological affinities with thecerradoof Central Brazil, but the biogeographical affinities of its avifauna remain unclear. In recent years, deforestation due to local economic activities has been particularly severe in somecarrasco-dominated landscapes. In 2013, we initiated avian surveys at the Fazenda Pau D‘Arco, a privately owned property located on top of the Araripe Plateau, to evaluate the effects of a legal forest management program on the avifauna. Here, we present the results of four years of avian inventories to: i) characterize a well-preserved patch ofcarrascovegetation; ii) assess avian biogeographical affinities of this vegetation type; iii) identify associations between managed/unmanaged areas and bird species; and iv) provide baseline data for future avian monitoring studies. Using different survey methods, we provide a list of 148 bird species, including several dry-forest specialists andcaatingaendemics. Biogeographically, the avifauna of thecarrascorepresents a subsample of theCaatingadry forest, lackingcerradoelements. Forest management significantly affected the distribution of several bird species in the study area. We found that 1/5 of the species (24) recorded during our standardized surveys were significantly associated with either unmanaged (14 species) or managed (10 species) areas. Species such as the Ceará LeaftosserSclerurus cearensis, a globally vulnerable species, have only been detected in non-managed areas and therefore can be negatively affected by the management program. We also present data on 16 avian taxa with ecological and conservation concerns. By presenting a fairly complete and documented list of the avifauna, we characterize thecarrascoavifauna and offer the tools to evaluate the effects of forest management on this poorly known vegetation type.

<p><strong><em>Epidendrum katarun-yariku</em></strong><strong> (Orchidaceae), a new species of the <em>Schistochilum</em> group from the tepuis of the Guiana Highlands in South America</strong></p>

Epidendrum katarun-yariku is hereby described and illustrated as a new species of Orchidaceae native to the summits and upper slopes of the sandstone tabletop mountains (tepuis) in the Guiana Highlands in South America.

Selective weathering of cross-bedded layers forming shelters and small caves on Akopán Tepui (Venezuela): Field, laboratory and experimental evidence about diagenesis and weathering of the Matauí Formation arenites (Roraima Supergroup, Middle Proterozoic)

South-American table-top mountains (tepuis) are formed by quartzites and sandstones of Matauí Formation belonging to the Roraima Supergroup (Lower to Middle Proterozoic). Field observations in the northern part of Akopán Tepui in Venezuela revealed that unlike the beds with flat bedding, the cross-bedded layers are commonly affected by selective weathering, expressed by depressions, shelters, and even small caves. All the arenites are fine-grained; most of them are likely of aeolian origin. Hardness measurements confirmed that the cross-bedded layers are softer than the flat-bedded or structureless beds occurring above and below them.Petrographic analysis showed that the rocks are mostly fine-grained quartzites to quartz sandstones, with original sand grains overgrown by syntaxial quartz cement and bearing signs of compaction manifested by local pressure solution. Some intergranular spaces are filled by newly-formed phyllosilicates (paragonite, locally intergrown with muscovite). In the overlying beds, no porosity was observed by microscopic study and under SEM, whereas in the underlying rocks signs of slight weathering and etching of phyllosilicates was observed, together with locally widened spaces along the grain-to-grain boundaries. The samples from cross-bedded layers display weathering, the degree of which depends on the present access of flowing water. Where water has periodical access to the arenite, it shows dissolution of quartz cement (arenization), together with complete leaching and removal of the phyllosilicates due to lateritization. The intergranular spaces are considerably widened and quartz grains bear signs of strong skeletal etching and pitting. Samples from the sites where the water access ceased show mostly leaching of phyllosilicates, with weak skeletal dissolution of quartz grains without pitting.To imitate the origin of structures observed in the field, experimental modelling was performed, using artificially layered and compacted fine-grained sands, on which sodium-silicate solution was dripped. During soaking, downward preferential penetration of the solution along the cross-bedding laminae (funnel-flow) was observed in the cross-bedded layer. The resulting structures display good lithification of horizontally layered sands and relatively poorer lithification of the cross-bedded sediment between them, showing triangular-shaped overhangs and shelters, which mimic those on the Akopán Tepui.Differential weathering of otherwise petrologically very similar arenites indicates that there had to be a difference in the initial porosity in the time of the rock denudation. A preserved porosity in the cross-bedded layers was necessary for the water/rock contact to perform dissolution.

Tepuidessus grulai sp. nov. from Acopán Tepui in Venezuela (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini).

We report the discovery of the second Bidessini diving beetle species from a Venezuelan table-top mountain (also referred to as "tepui"). Tepuidessus grulai sp. nov. from Acopán Tepui can easily be separated from Tepuidessus breweri Spangler, 1981, described from Roraima Tepui, about 140 km apart from Acopán Tepui, by its much broader habitus with distinct outline discontinuity between pronotum and elytra, well developed, long and deep basal striae on pronotum and elytra and by the unbordered apical abdominal ventrite.

<em>Sertulum Ternstroemiacearum</em> II: <em>Ternstroemia tepuiensis</em> J.R.Grande, sp. nov. (<em>Ternstroemiaceae</em>),especie nueva del Escudo Guayanés

As a part of an ongoing review for the genus Ternstroemia in the Guayana Shield, in northern South America, T. tepuiensis J.R.Grande, sp. nov. is described as new to science. This species, characterized by its relatively large leaves, flowers and fruits, as well as by its circumscissile dehiscent fruits, is only known from the sandstone tabletop mountains commonly named as «tepuis», where it seems to be a rather common floristic element. Ecological and biogeographical notes are included, while the conservation status of the new species is assessed as LC —Least Concern, following the IUCN Red List Categories—. A key to separate this species from remaining members of the genus that bear fruits with circumscissile dehiscence is offered at the end of the paper.

Sequel to Kitzmiller's Anopheline Names: Their Derivations and Histories

The derivations of the names of 74 Anopheles species and one subgenus are explained together with accounts of the life and scientific work of people who have been honored by having a mosquito named after them. Descriptive accounts are given of geographical locations, whether towns, regions or counties, that have had anopheline species named after them.

New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World

Land snails of the family Orthalicidae from Venezuelan Guayana are revised and the following new species are described: Drymaeus (D.) rex, Plekocheilus (Eurytus) huberi, P. (E.) nebulosus, P. (E.) sophiae, and P. (E.) tepuiensis. Drymaeus (D.) griffini Haas, 1955 is now placed in the synonymy of D. (D.) extraneus (Haas, 1955). In addition, the genitalia of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) tatei Haas, 1955 are described for the first time. Plekocheilus (Eudolichotis) gibber (Oberwimmer, 1931) is now considered a member of P. (Eurytus). As a consequence, Antitragus Oberwimmer, 1931 is now regarded a junior synonym of Eurytus Albers, 1850. Of the 16 taxa treated here, 14 are endemic to the table-top mountains (‘tepuis’) of this area. A Principal Component Analysis has been used to study the biotic and abiotic factors that may influence species diversity and distributions. Habitat diversity explained 65% of the variability and was mainly influenced by plant diversity, number of forest types, elevation and slope area of the tepuis.

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Microthelphusa (Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae) from a remote isolated cloud forest on a tabletop mountain in western Guyana, South America

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Microthelphusa (Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae) from a remote isolated cloud forest on a tabletop mountain in western Guyana, South America

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Microthelphusa (Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae) from a remote isolated cloud forest on a tabletop mountain in western Guyana, South America

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Microthelphusa Pretzmann, 1968, from Guyana, South America is described. Microthelphusa meansi, new species, was collected from a remote isolated cloud forest in the Wokomung Massif, a tabletop mountain (tepui) in western Guyana at over 1,000 m above sea level. The conspicuous horseshoe-like marginal lobe and the dome-like auxiliar cephalic lobe of the first gonopod clearly distinguish this species from all 12 congeners.

Two New Species of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana

Two new species of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) from the highlands of southern Venezuela are described and illustrated. Weinmannia ilutepuiensis P. E. Berry & J. Bradford is a simpleleaved, serrate-margined species known only from IhI-tepui in Estado Bolivar, and Weinmannia corocoroensis J. Bradford & P. E. Berry is a pinnateleaved species with tiny, revolute-margined leaflets currently known only from Cerro Coro Coro in Estado Amazonas. While preparing the floristic treatment of Cunoniaceae for the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana and as part of a broader study of neotropical Weinmannia by the second author, two distinctive new species of Weinmannia were found among the collections examined from the tepuis, or tabletop mountains, of southern Venezuela. Both species were collected from relatively poorly explored mountains, one from I1l-tepui in Estado Bolivar, and the other from Cerro Coro Coro in Estado Amazonas. These species are described and illustrated below. Weinmannia ilutepuiensis P. E. Berry & J. Bradford, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Estado Bolivar: I1h-tepui, lower plateau, with varied habitats, rocky, boggy, and short forest to 5 m tall, 05025'03N, 60?29'W, 2500 m, 16 Apr. 1988, Liesner 23413 (holotype, MO; isotypes, NY, US, VEN). Figure 1A-D. Frutex vel arbor 1-5(10)-metralis, foliis simplicibus, laminis foliorum infra dense ochraceo-lanatis, ellipticis, coriaceis, marginibus serratis, 1.5-6.0 x 0.8-3.5 cm; pseudoracemis 4-6 cm longis, lanatis, pedicellis sub anthesi 1-2.5 mm longis post anthesin 2.5-4 mm longis; capsulis villoso-lanatis, 3-3.5 mm longis. Shrub or small tree 1-5(-10) m tall; young stems lanate, nodes hirsute. Leaves opposite, simple, elliptical, subcoriaceous, 1.5-6.0 cm long, 0.8-3.5 cm wide, broadly acute to rounded at the apex, broadly acute at the base, sparsely pilose to glabrescent and dark green on the upper surface, light brown and densely lanate-villous on the lower surface; secondary veins 10-15 per side, impressed on the upper surface and prominent on lower surface, subparallel from midvein until divaricating within ca. 4 mm of the margin with each branch joining an adjacent branch at a marginal sinus; margins serrate, planar to revolute, with 10-15 glandular teeth per side between successive sinuses or adjacent to a sinus; petioles 3-4 mm long, lanate; stipules broadly elliptical to suborbicular, 3-6 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, hirsute on the outside, dark brown and glabrous adaxially. Pseudoracemes in pairs at the branch apex, exceeding the leaves, 4-6 cm long, axis lanate. Flowers arranged in fascicles along the inflorescence axis with 1-several flowers per fascicle; bracteoles subtending fascicles, linear to obovate, 1.5-2 mm long, with long hairs on the dorsal surface; pedicels 1.0-2.5 mm long in flower, 2.5-4.0 mm long in fruit, lanate; sepals four, elliptic to narrowly deltoid, acute, 1-1.5 mm long, lanate abaxially, glabrous adaxially, persistent; petals four, narrowly obovate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous, offwhite; filaments eight, 2.5-4.0 mm long, anthers oblong, ca. 0.4 mm wide, glabrous; ovary lanate, ca. 1.5 mm long, the 2 styles divergent and each 1.5 mm long, basally pubescent but glabrous toward the tips. Capsules 3.0-3.5 mm long (not including style), lanate-villous; seeds oblong, ca. 1.0 mm long, sparsely covered with simple hairs 0.5 mm long. Ecology and distribution. Occurring in patches of short forest on lower summit plateau overlying sandstone, known only from I1l-tepui in the eastern tepui chain of Estado Bolivar, Venezuela, between 2500 and 2630 m elevation. In the size and shape of leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and fruits, Weinmannia ilutepuiensis most closely resembles the Andean W. rollottii Killip, especially variety testudineata (Cuatrecasas) Bernardi. Both species belong to series Dryadifoliae Bernardi (Bernardi, 1963). However, W. ilutepuiensis differs in its dense, lanate-villous indumentum, including the calyx and the capsule (which are glabrous in W. rollottii). On the same helicopter trip to Ili-tepui during which Ronald Liesner collected the type specimen, he also made three other collections of Weinmannia (numbers 23422, 23417, and 23366, all at MO). None of these additional collections fits easily into NovoN 5:125-127. 1995. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.136 on Thu, 19 May 2016 04:37:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

The Enculturation of Makiritare Women

Of the many Cariban-speaking tribes who once dominated Venezuela, there probably is none that has survived into the present as successfully as the Makiritare (also known as Yekuana), a small tribe of approximately 1,500 Indians, inhabiting 30 independent villages along the Caura, Paragua, Erevato, Ventuari, and Cunucunuma Rivers, which are tributaries of the Orinoco. The name Makiritare, an Arawak word meaning Water People, and the term, Yekuana (Canoe People) may have been inspired by their unique skill in navigating these difficult rivers. It is a rugged landscape of huge table-top mountains rising to over 8,000 feet, and its dense rain forest is crossed with fierce rapids and impenetrable waterfalls. The Makiritare call their homeland Ihuruna (The Headwater Place). Because of their location, they have been able to isolate themselves behind natural barriers of water and jungle to avoid sustained contact and to maintain their way of life. Since their initial contact with the Spanish in 1756, the Makiritare have been

New Records of Sonorella (Pulmonata: Helminthoglyptidae) from the Table Top Mountains, Pinal County, Arizona, with a Description of Sonorella milleri, New Species

Two species of the helminthoglyptid land snail genus Sonorella are reported to inhabit the Table Top Mountains of Pinal County, Arizona; S. milleri, new species, is described, and a range extension is recorded for S. superstitionis taylori, previously known only from the Salt River Mountains of Maricopa County. elevation of 1,333 m, they are composed of Quaternary basalt and Pre- Cambrian schist and granite (Arizona Bureau of Mines, 1959). These arid mountains lie in a region of sparse bi-seasonal rainfall; their vegetation is of paloverde (Cercidium) and other plants typical of the Southwestern desert scrub community of the Lower Sonoran Life-zone (Lowe, 1964). Land snails of the genus Sonorella have not previously been reported to inhabit the Table Top Mountains. In 1973 a collecting trip to the northern end of the range yielded a number of empty shells of the species here de- scribed as S. milleri, but as the single living snail found was crushed by a rock, no definite conclusion could be reached regarding the status of this

Glaciation of Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe Peninsula

Research Article| August 01, 1942 Glaciation of Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe Peninsula RICHARD FOSTER FLINT; RICHARD FOSTER FLINT Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar MAX DEMOREST; MAX DEMOREST Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A. L. WASHBURN A. L. WASHBURN Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1942) 53 (8): 1211–1230. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-53-1211 Article history received: 03 Mar 1942 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation RICHARD FOSTER FLINT, MAX DEMOREST, A. L. WASHBURN; Glaciation of Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe Peninsula. GSA Bulletin 1942;; 53 (8): 1211–1230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-53-1211 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Shickshock Mountains constitute one of the highland areas that have been considered by Coleman on geologic evidence, and by Fernald on botanical and geologic evidence, to have been nunataks during the maximum of Wisconsin glaciation.Recent field studies have been made on the two highest parts of the Shickshocks—the broad plateaulike masses known as Mount Albert (summit altitude 3775 feet) and Tabletop Mountain (4230 feet). Glacial erratics possibly derived from pre-Cambrian rocks from north of the St. Lawrence were found as high as 3760 feet on Mount Albert. On Tabletop Mountain, striated surfaces were found as high as 3500 feet, and glacial erratics (of local origin) as high as 3700 to 3800 feet. Detailed search failed to produce any direct evidence of glaciation through the highest 400–500 feet. Throughout this distance evidences of any possible glaciated surfaces are obscured by mantles of locally derived felsenmeer that presumably originated in postglacial time. In addition, the composition of the bedrock is so heterogeneous that several types of erratic stones might be present without having been recognized. These circumstances do not demonstrate glaciation of the highest parts of Tabletop Mountain; yet there is no geologic evidence inconsistent with the possibility that the entire Shickshock highland was overtopped by Wisconsin ice. No geologic evidence was found, suggesting that any portion of the area existed as a nunatak during the Wisconsin maximum.During the waning stages of glaciation, and possibly earlier, Tabletop was the site of radial outflow from a local ice cap. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Geology of the Gaspe Peninsula

Research Article| September 30, 1931 Geology of the Gaspé Peninsula W. A. PARKS W. A. PARKS Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1931) 42 (3): 785–800. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-42-785 Article history received: 07 Jan 1931 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation W. A. PARKS; Geology of the Gaspé Peninsula. GSA Bulletin 1931;; 42 (3): 785–800. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-42-785 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract General StatementThe Gaspé Peninsula may be regarded as the area between the Saint Lawrence River and Chaleur Bay, extending eastward from the Matapedia River to Cape Gaspé. The width, north and south, is roughly 75 miles and the length, east and west, 150 miles.The strata represented extend from the Cambrian to the Carboniferous; for the most part, they are excessively folded and much affected by igneous activity. The peninsula is a structural arc with the convexity northward. At the east end the general strike is a little south of east and at the west end a little south of west. The land rises abruptly from sealevel and has an average altitude of about 2,000 feet. The Shickshock Mountains, with a maximum elevation of 4,350 feet in Tabletop Mountain, form an elevated belt near the north shore; a similar belt of less maximum altitude borders the south shore. The . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.