Tableau De Research Articles

L.-Ph. de Ségur’s “Tableau de l’Europe” and the fate of his book in Russia

L.-Ph. de Ségur’s “Tableau de l’Europe” and the fate of his book in Russia

Tableau de l’inconstance des mauvais anges et démons

Pierre de Lancre’s Tableau de l’inconstance des mauvais anges et démons (1612) deservedly ranks, as its editor Jean Céard observes, among the ‘grands textes de la démonologie de la Renaissance’. In fact, it was probably the last of the great demonologies. In the wake of the Louis Gaufridi affair, France, as even de Lancre himself realized, was becoming obsessed with demonic possession instead. The Tableau was more, however, than just one judge’s account of a bout of Basque witch-hunting. As the title suggests, the text had clear philosophical aspirations. A preoccupation with inconstancy was the one constant thread throughout the author’s literary career. Indeed, the literary merits of de Lancre’s output should not be underestimated. Rich in metaphors and allusions, de Lancre’s language was ‘toujours souple et aisée’. The text is also a cornucopia of examples and stories. Céard is certainly right that de Lancre ‘visiblement prend plaisir à conter’—a fact that usually goes unnoticed by witchcraft historians on the look-out for expressions of horror and fear, but that is entirely in keeping with the milieu of the Bordeaux Parlement from which he hailed. The Tableau is a display of erudition and good manners. It is perhaps not surprising that in France, de Lancre, a relative of Michel de Montaigne, is principally studied in literature departments.

Scaling down the Earth's history: Visual materials for popular education by Nérée Boubée (1806-1862).

Spatial and temporal scales are essential components of geological sciences; both are almost always imbricated in complex ways, challenging geoscientific knowledge among nonspecialists and students. The present paper focuses on the efforts made by the French naturalist Simon-Suzanne Nérée Boubée (1806-62) regarding popular education on geology. Though Boubée is poorly known nowadays, he experienced some prestige during his lifetime. He worked as an independent teacher, offering private as well as free public courses. Boubée, as a nineteenth-century science popularizer, repeatedly insisted on his disposition for "spreading science for all." He extensively published books and journals on geology, all aimed at popularizing geological scientific knowledge, considered to be of paramount relevance. This paper analyzes three visual examples extracted from his works: the Tableau Mnémonique des Terrains Primitifs, destiné au géologue voyageur, avec son explication (1831), the Tableau de l'État du Globe à ses différents âges (1832), and the Tableau figuratif de la structure minérale du globe, ou résumé synoptique du Cours de géognosie de M. N. Boubée (1839), supplemented with images from the travel guide Deux Promenades au Mont Doré (1834). Our goal is to understand Boubée's efforts to synthesize information, scaling down geologic time and space into foldable materials that made geological knowledge cognitively and materially accessible to laypeople.

L’“altérité” de l’autre: quelques réflexions sur la représentation des Basques et des Tsiganes dans les œuvres de Pierre de Lancre1

In 1609, the Bordeaux judge Pierre de Lancre (1556-1631) was sent by King Henri IV to the border region of Labourd, in the Pyrenees, to investigate and try alleged cases of witchcraft. A few years later, in his Tableau de l’Inconstance des Mauvais Anges et Demons (1612), de Lancre describes the Basque population of Labourd as prone to vagrancy and versed in the practice of witchcraft, two characteristics that, in his L’Incredulité et mescreance du sortilege (1622), he will later apply to ‘Gypsies’. In light of de Lancre’s investigative and judicial work in Labourd, his “othering” of the local Basque population as a people in some ways similar to ‘Gypsies’ has profound implications. In such a perspective, the vagrancy of the ‘Gypsies’, on which he focuses in both Tableau and Incredulité, is a key to understanding not only his depiction of Labourd’s sorcerers, but also his conception of frontiers and boundaries. In order, then, to better understand the cultural and intellectual background to Lancre’s “othering” of the native Labourd population as well as of the ‘Gypsies’, this article will examine the various ways in which his attitudes to these groups are present in his works and reflect a wider, European fear of the “other” as evidenced, for example, in Italian literary sources such as comedies.

Tableau de bord and balanced scorecard: knowledge dissemination in the hotel industry

Tableau de bord and balanced scorecard: knowledge dissemination in the hotel industry

“The City of Combat”

AbstractThis essay builds on Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson’s pioneering inquiry on reading and writing Paris as the site of a democratizing and modernizing process and, more specifically, on her approach to Jules Vallès’s “performance of politics” in Le Tableau de Paris and L’Insurgé. I examine the ways in which Vallès’s reading of the Paris of the early 1880s and excavation of the multilayered city’s past and cultural representations help foster the return of repressed voices and collective memories. Using the trope of the city as palimpsest, I argue that the critical power of nostalgia for revolutionary Paris aims to generate a new street aesthetics and an egalitarian public sphere.

The Science of Demons: Early Modern Authors Facing Witchcraft and the Devil

The Science of Demons: Early Modern Authors Facing Witchcraft and the Devil

Les Voyages en Roumanie de Gilles Saussier

Gilles Saussier has moved away from photojournalism to develop new documentary strategies which find their place in books or exhibition spaces. Among his works, Le Tableau de chasse (2010) and Spolia (2018) are presented as travel books to Romania. The first favors the deconstruction of photojournalism practices, when the second presents itself as a patient investigation carried out in the footsteps of La Colonne sans fin by Constantin Brancusi.

Invoking the Akelarre: Voices of the Accused in the Basque Witch-Craze, 1609–1614 by Emma Wilby

Reviewed by: Invoking the Akelarre: Voices of the Accused in the Basque Witch-Craze, 1609–1614 by Emma Wilby Amanda L. Scott Early Modern France and Spain, the Basques, witchcraft, witch hunts, akelarre, sabbat, folklore, heresy, cannibalism, Spanish Inquisition emma wilby. Invoking the Akelarre: Voices of the Accused in the Basque Witch-Craze, 1609–1614. Sussex, UK: Sussex Academic Press, 2019. Pp. xiv + 457. In Invoking the Akelarre, historian of English and Scottish witchcraft Emma Wilby turns to the infamous Basque witch hunts that tore through rural mountain communities on the border of France and Spain in the early seventeenth century. Wilby's guiding questions are simple: did suspected witches actually believe any of the content to which they confessed? From where did they draw the "raw material" that populated their descriptions of the witches' crimes and sabbat (akelarre in Basque)? Wilby is also concerned with why certain elements were unique to Basque witchcraft and why these elements played little or no role elsewhere. As she herself acknowledges, she relied upon research assistants for all translations of non-English sources (xi); thus, her sources are well-known printed collections of the most famous depositions and Inquisitorial summaries. As a result, this book does not present new material per se on the Basque witch hunts, but instead focuses on situating the content from these documents into a broader European context of folklore, medical practice, and religious culture. Arranged in twenty-two mini-chapters plus an introduction and an epilogue, Wilby's book argues that Basque witchcraft suspects not only believed [End Page 133] much of what they confessed, but that some of the activity confessed to actually occurred. Combined with "false memories" developed during imprisonment, suspects drew upon real experiences to craft their confessions (38). Somewhat imprecisely labeling her evidence "confessional material," Wilby draws liberally from Pierre de Lancre's Tableau de l'inconstance des mauvais anges et démons, as well as sentences, dispatches, and autos de fé from the Inquisitorial investigations of Juan de Valle Alvarado, Alonso Becerra, and Alonso de Salazar. Each chapter examines one element of the alleged witches' collected confessions, such as infant mortality, poisons, cannibalism, festivities, and the inverted liturgy. Toads recur throughout, and Wilby argues that it is not impossible that suspects were actually raising toads. To reach this conclusion, she refers to modern manuals on keeping amphibians as pets, as well as to early modern medical recipes calling for toad parts or excretions. As for cannibalism, she suggests that since "corpse medicine" was commonly practiced, it was also possible that a portion of the suspects were actually exhuming and processing corpses (111). These are controversial propositions that place Wilby outside of mainstream studies of European witchcraft. Though primarily interested in the voices of the accused, Wilby acknowledges what the inquisitors might have contributed to the confessions as well. She considers how other heresies, such as alumbradismo and the heresy of the free spirit (though there is no evidence directly connecting these to the Logroño tribunal), might have primed inquisitors to be especially interested in certain elements of the akelarre and how these might have influenced their line of questioning (177–178). She also makes highly speculative connections to Moorish and Jewish magical practice in Valencia and Zaragoza (141–142). She is on surer footing in emphasizing the intellectual and familial connections between de Lancre and other jurists, as well as how his "fascination with youth and beauty" drew him emotionally into the world of his subjects, set him up to ask the right questions, and encouraged his subjects to provide detailed answers (388). Wilby relies heavily upon classic Basque ethnographers, such as William Douglass and Julio Caro Baroja, to understand Basque mortuary rituals and social organization. However, without complementary archival records, this means that some of her conclusions blur twentieth-century rituals with seventeenth-century practices. Certain connections seem to make sense to Wilby, although they require more historization: she argues that the intense popularity of confraternities in the Basque Country provides a template for understanding how suspects described their corporate membership in the [End Page 134] akelarre, which helps to explain elements ranging from gifting rituals to death rites to fines...

Tableau de Bord and Balanced Scorecard: knowledge dissemination in the hotel industry

Tableau de Bord and Balanced Scorecard: knowledge dissemination in the hotel industry

Une révolution vue d'en bas: L'épopée ordinaire du Tableau de Paris (1871)

Published under the pseudonym of Marius from 17 to 24 May 1871 by the communard paper Le Tribun du Peuple, the Tableau de Paris has long been a controversial issue in the history of French literature. In 1953 it was first attributed to Villiers de L'Isle-Adam. Three decades later, the editors of Villiers' OEuvres complètes in the "Bibliothèque de la Pléiade" reproduced the article even though they seriously queried the attribution. Finally, in 2008 marxist publisher Sao Maï deconstructed their arguments by showing how fully supportive of the Commune Villiers was. Whoever its true author, the Tableau de Paris is in search of an epic manner based on the sense of grandeur. The epic is not centered on the battles against the troupes versaillaises. While the utopia of the Commune is coming to an end, it appears the grandeur lies in the everyday life and values of the Parisian people. (In French)

Cannibal Basques

This article will show the importance of cannibalism in the description of the sabbath among the Basques, in the Tableau de l'inconstance des mauvais anges et démons, written by Pierre De Lancre. The Basques were often linked to magic and demons; however, this work constitutes surely the most completed document about such an association. In the Tableau there is a sort of ethnographic analysis of the Basques, who started to be compared to the savages of the New World. Witchcraft and cannibalism are the evidence of a demonic complot, aimed at fighting Christianity and, in some way, the central features of mankind. At any rate, such religious controversy is used also in a totally laical perspective: De Lancre is the representative of the King and his role consists in the affirmation of the French power throughout the region. The purpose of such stereotypes, applied also to other marginalized peoples in Renaissance Europe (such as the inhabitants of Southern Italy portrayed by the Jesuits missionaries), justifies implicitly the necessity to repress and integrate them within the civilization and the forthcoming capitalistic system. Editors note (March 2021): Please see the Errata file, for minor typographic corrections to article as published.

The Making of a Teen Wolf: Pierre de Lancre’s Confrontation with Jean Grenier (1603–10)

The Tableau de l’inconstance des mauvais anges et démons (Portrait of the inconstancy of evil angels and demons, 1612) by the Bordeaux magistrate Pierre de Lancre offers a famous account of a witch-hunt conducted by the author in the French Basque country in 1609. Yet it also contains a detailed description of the 1603 trial for lycanthropy of thirteen-year-old Jean Grenier, likely the youngest person ever to be convicted as a werewolf. This article systematically compares De Lancre’s Tableau with other neglected accounts. Although all of these versions are second-hand, collating them brings us closer to the original trial records and helps us make sense of Grenier’s voluntary confession. At the same time, this comparison reveals what details De Lancre chose to highlight and omit in his Tableau and therefore also offers fresh insight into the mental world of the Bordeaux judge held responsible for France’s largest witch-hunt.

The Evolution and Applications of Balanced Scorecard: A Comparative Approach

This paper presents and demonstrates the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) by adopting two approaches. The first approach focuses on the evolution of the BSC and its applications in private and public, government & non-profit organizations. The second approach compares four related tools which can help organizations articulate and cascade their strategies. The main focus of this paper is to compare the BSC to three other tools in order to demonstrate the value of the BSC from different points of view. First, the BSC and Tableau de Bord are compared from the point of view of the performance measurement system. Second, the BSC and Executive Information System are compared from the point of view of the strategic management system. Finally, the BSC and Budgeting are compared from the point of view of the control system.

Revision of Performance Measurement Tools and Methods

Abstract A changing economic environment and growing requirements of stakeholders have made it necessary to develop new achievement measurement methods. The article discusses and compares several performance measurement tools and methods, such as: the Balanced Scorecard, Tableau de bord, Skandia Navigator, Intangible Assets Monitor, German Scorecard, Business Excellence Model, Dutch system of performance management, Performance Prism and the EFQM Excellence Model. They are the most popular among both theoreticians and practitioners in this field.

Methodology of adaptive management of industrial Park structure based on stakeholder approach

The purpose of the scientific research presented in this article is the development of the methodological bases for the management of industrial park structures as objects of management. The necessity of the development and development of adaptive management in modern economic conditions is substantiated. The author set the task of exploring the possibilities of adaptive management technology in the context of the development of a stakeholder approach theory for industrial park structures, involving a large number of stakeholders that directly and indirectly influence activities and the subsequent distribution of the results of these activities among stakeholders effects. The central task of the adaptive management of the industrial park structure as an object of management is the search for a mechanism to adapt the strategic priorities of its existence and the corresponding streamlining of decisions and activities in accordance with the identified strategic priorities. The characteristic features of Management by objectives (MBO), proposed in 1954 by Peter Drucker (DruckerP.), The modified Tableau de bord system developed by Chiapello E., Lebas M., and the concept and adaptive management of key performance indicators Key Performance Indicators ( KPI). The study revealed trends in the structure of services provided by consulting companies for the implementation of adaptive management systems in Russia. A sectoral profile of implemented projects on the implementation of adaptive management systems in Russian companies is presented. The methodological problems of implementing an adaptive control system are studied. In conclusion, the author proposes a methodology for adaptive management of an industrial park structure based on building a set of strategic measures aimed at leveling the development strategy of an industrial park structure depending on the state of development indicators, including for the purpose of making decisions on regulating this system, the set of possible options in case of rejection of the indicative assessment of the result of the activity of the stakeholder.

‘Cris nouveaux’: The Soundscape of Paris in Mercier’s Tableau de Paris and Le Nouveau Paris

Although Louis-Sébastien Mercier’s Tableau de Paris and Le Nouveau Paris are framed in visual terms, the attention to types of sound in these works is sustained and detailed. Tracing Mercier’s descriptions of different types of sound, for instance noise, human voices, or music, I argue that Mercier offers us a soundscape of pre-Revolutionary and Revolutionary Paris. Sound is used by Mercier as a means of mapping the various topographies of Paris, whether social, cultural, or moral. Through its soundscape, Le Nouveau Paris insists on how much Paris had changed by 1798, and Mercier’s depictions of chaos and cacophony suggest a world out of tune; they also allow us to trace his nostalgia for the Paris which had been swept away by the Revolutionary events.

“Neither Poets, Painters, nor Sculptors”: Classical Mimesis and the Art of Female Hairdressing in Eighteenth-Century France

In the astute and often satirical Tableau de Paris (1781–88), Louis-Sébastien Mercier writes about the emergence of an unusual literary genre: the hair-dresser’s manifesto. In the eighteenth century, multiple texts boldly claimed hair dressing’s status as a liberal art, on par with the fine arts of poetry, painting, and sculpture. With the rise of the celebrity hairdresser, among them Legros de Rumigny and Autié Léonard, a new notion of the individual hair-dresser as a creator and artist developed from 1760 to 1780 through the adoption and manipulation of aesthetic theories. By examining this thriving literary genre, this article traces the extent to which classical mimesis and the contemporaneous paragone debates of the second half of the century—which deliberated the relative merits of sculpture and painting—breached the walls of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture to inform a wide range of artistic and artisanal production in France.

Management Innovation for Environmental Sustainability in Seaports: Managerial Accounting Instruments and Training for Competitive Green Ports beyond the Regulations

In the last 30 years, environmental sustainability has been receiving increasing attention by scholars and operators. All the seaport stakeholders, including port authorities (PAs), policy-makers, port users, any port stakeholders, and local communities, must invest substantial resources to achieve high competitiveness with respect of the environment. Drawing from the extant regulations system and conducting a deep review of the main contributions on the phenomenon, this conceptual study suggests managerial accounting instruments and training, which are still under-researched, as effective measures for enforcing and encouraging green port development. This three-step study consists of a systematic review of the regulatory frameworks and literature on the phenomenon, and an outline of the gap of the legislative framework and research, from a management innovation perspective, where effective managerial practices for environmental sustainability are not successfully suggested and implemented within seaports. On the one hand, the Balanced Scorecard and Tableau de Bord are identified and proposed as managerial accounting instruments for assessing, monitoring, measuring, controlling, and reporting the organizational processes of port players, mainly PAs, for developing competitive green ports. On the other hand, training has been suggested to educate and guide the human resources at all organizational levels within seaports, for supporting and developing awareness and behavioral attitudes in the direction of environmental sustainability.

Of oysters, witches, birds, and anchors: Conceptions of space and travel in Pierre de Lancre

In 1609, the Bordeaux judge Pierre de Lancre led a brutal witch-hunt in the Pays de Labourd, a territory in the south-western tip of France. In his Tableau de l’inconstance des mauvais anges et demons (1612), Lancre described this fragment of the French Basque country as a New World of sorts inhabited by barely civilized people, and an inverted image of his own land: a prosperous and peaceful estate in Sainte-Croix-des-Monts, in the wine-making region of Bordeaux. The Pays de Labourd was a place of frenzy and mobility, which made it the devil’s natural abode, and horrified Lancre, whose very name – a combination of the stone (pierre) and the anchor (ancre) – designated him as an incarnation of constancy and stability. This article explores the conceptions of space and travel at work in Lancre’s writings, and examines the personal, literary and cultural roots of his demonization of movement. Replacing the 1612 Tableau within the wider context of Lancre’s other works, it argues that Lancre’s view of the Pays de Labourd and his discourse on witchcraft was shaped to a great extent by a neo-Stoic condemnation of travel and mobility.