Systems Of Supervision Research Articles

‘Supervising children to be good people’: Parents and children's views of child supervision in Laos

AbstractResearchers have paid little attention to child supervision in Laos, an ethnically‐diverse country with a community‐informal child protection system, and where many young children are regularly home alone or with another child. To explore what constitutes (in)adequate child supervision and its perceived effects, we conducted individual interviews with community leaders and professionals (n = 23) and focus group discussions with parents/adult caregivers (n = 74) and 12–17 year‐old children (n = 51) in six rural villages in Saravane and Borikhamxay provinces. Adults and children in both provinces described similar understandings and support systems of child supervision. Mothers are the main caregivers of young children, and literate fathers contribute to supervising school‐age children. Grandparents, older siblings and other relatives, teachers, and village authorities contribute substantively to child supervision. The main aims of supervision are child safety, socialization and moral development in cultural context. Parental unavailability due to employment, farming and migration; limited infrastructure; and lack of material resources are the main barriers to adequate supervision and may result in injuries, school dropout, teenage pregnancy and illicit drug use. Understanding the determinants, consequences, and patterns of child supervision across cultural and socio‐economic groups is needed to inform culturally acceptable strategies to support children and families.

Szociális munkások a posztmodern terápiák világában

Several key indicators of mental health are critical in Hungary. As for the prevalence of suicide, our position is among the worst ones in Europe and Hungary ranks the first in alcohol-related disorders globally. During their daily work, social workers frequently encounter situations in which they could benefit from the knowledge base and skills of clinical social work to facilitate problem solving. However, clinical social work could not really take root in Hungary, despite the evident need. Establishing intensive education and professional development programmes, and systems of clinical supervision, facilitating the systemic introduction of high-level clinical social work in interprofessional team-settings is an urgent task. The author focuses on postmodern approaches, more specifically, on Open Dialogue as a method, and argues that these approaches are in full accordance with the focus, principles, and key values of social work.

"A different sense of what we do here, who we are and what we deliver": Provider perspectives on the effects of a change in governance of healthcare services in correctional facilities in British Columbia.

In 2017, British Columbia (BC) transferred responsibility for healthcare services in provincial correctional facilities from the Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General to the Ministry of Health. This study explored how healthcare leadership perceived the impact of the transfer on services, work-life, and job satisfaction. We conducted one-on-one interviews (n = 8) with healthcare managers and medical and administrative leadership within Correctional Health Services. Using the Two-Factor theory of job satisfaction as a framework, we applied Interpretive Description methodology to analyse interview data. Participants identified changes to four areas of the working environment: (1) staffing, equipment, and resources (2) systems of supervision and support (3) standards, policies, and quality improvement and (4) culture and orientation. These changes predominantly affected motivational factors of job satisfaction and were described as enriching the roles of managers and staff. Participants described improved autonomy and recognition of providers, increased quality of services delivered, and a shift toward patient-centred care. The perspectives of healthcare leaders provide new insight into the potential impact of transferring healthcare services in custody to a public healthcare system. Discussion of changes and their affects also provide practical learning for jurisdictions seeking to improve healthcare under a variety of governance and service-delivery models.

National and International Financial Market Regulation and Supervision Systems: Challenges and Solutions

The purpose of this original study is to critically analyse the emergence and development of the national models of financial regulation, international standards and codes, and regional and national financial regulation and supervision (for the cases of the UK, USA, Sweden, the EU, and Finland). The research raises both academic and regulatory concerns. The relevance and purpose of this research arise from a need for an academic analysis of the economic nature and classification of financial market regulation systems. They represent a theoretical justification for changes in the policies and supervisory practices of national and international regulatory authorities in response to innovations in financial technologies and instruments, digital products, and risks. Secondly, it will stimulate more systematic work on regulatory databases, registration, and reporting procedures in various economies in different financial markets. The author identifies five main systems of national financial regulatory markets: the multi-tiered, multi-agency US system, the twin peaks model (UK), and the mega-regulatory model (Sweden). There is a thorough review of the international standards and institutions that work for the stability of financial systems. The analysis of the regional and national systems of financial regulation and supervision is based on the examples of the EU and Finnish institutions. National macro- and micro-economic regulation and supervision have been examined, with a focus on the US Federal Reserve and the US Treasury. An important result of the study is the systematisation of the directions of the development of national and international regulatory institutions (since the 1980s). First, the minimum capital and credit risk requirements for banks (the 1980s) were complemented in the 21st century by buffer reserves, liquidity, and leverage standards. Second, regulation focuses on ensuring the sustainability of the national economy. The regulatory focus is on ensuring the sustainability of national and global financial systems. Third, there is an increase in the number of supervised institutions. Fourth, there is a division of the functions between central banks (macro-economic regulation) and one or two mega-regulators (micro-economic regulation and supervision). Fifth, there is a division of labour between the international financial institutions (BIS, IMF, and WB) and national regulators. Sixth, the focus is on protecting consumers and investors and countering money laundering and the financing of terrorism. Seventh, there is an understanding based on a common approach by central banks to new financial technologies and cybersecurity.

New Monitoring Systems for Guard Tour Control: A Review

The need to supervise the work of the personnel in charge of security warrants the application of new control systems, which allow real-time reporting of compliance with the routes for which they are delegated, in such a way that senior managers can access that information. and to better supervise the execution of the activities by the military personnel in charge of carrying out these rounds or supervising that they have been carried out. In this sense, the military garrisons are the places where confidential information directed to the protection, defense and national security, established in the mission of the Navy of the Republic of Colombia, arises, therefore, the need arises to be continuously innovating the systems of supervision and control of rounds in military bases, hence, the objective of this article is to propose a new round control system at the BEIM Marine Infantry Training Base in Coveñas that allows for greater control of this activity, aligned with current technologies.

The benefit of running maintenance habituation before learning of machining process begins

The study was aimed at investigating the advantages of the habituation of running maintenance and supervision over the practice learning process and the learning achievement of the students of Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. It was participatory classroom action research. The subjects were 80 third-semester students grouped into the group C class. The data on the habituation of running maintenance were collected using a questionnaire; those on the students’ learning achievement were collected through documentation and analyzed using a descriptive technique; those on the supervision intensity and machine feasibility were gathered through observations and analyzed using the descriptive qualitative technique. The findings showed that: 1.) The implementation of running maintenance used the systems of coaching, mentoring, and supervision with an optimal intensity of lecturers in teaching-learning machining practices; 2.) The habituation of running maintenance was done through standard procedures, and the implemented action took three cycles; 3.) The achievement of the habituation of running maintenance on students during the implementation of teaching-learning practices was characterized by the rapid job sheet completion that must be taken in one semester; and 4.) With the habituation of running maintenance, the feasibility of the existing machines in the workshop could be maintained.

Using digital platforms for environmental management

The article discusses the possibility of using digital platforms for environmental management. The aim of the research is to determine the directions of using digital platforms for environmental management. To preserve the environment, increase energy conservation and sustainable development of territories, effective management is always important. Digital innovation allows citizens to engage, develop environmental volunteering, improve environmental literacy, collect more environmental data, and improve governance. The work identified the types of digital platforms depending on the subject of management, the main types of digital platforms and the main type of activity based on the chosen platform. The article considered the main digital platforms for environmental management in the field of ecology and the environment of the Russian Federation, highlighted the main functions of the platforms, problems and development directions. It is necessary to create such hybrid systems of environmental supervision in the field of water resources protection, to detect the facts of illegal construction and violation of construction parameters, remote control over the intended use of land, deforestation, and the environmental situation in water and air.

Пути сокращения сроков итоговой проверки, проводимой органами государственного строительного надзора, на примере зарубежных подходов

The article presents the results of the comparative analysis which has been carried out of domestic and foreign systems of state supervision in construction. Distinctive features in the principles of the state supervision authority`s work are revealed. The purpose of the study is to minimize bureaucratic procedures at the stage of the final inspection carried out by the state construction supervision. Recommendations for optimizing the composition of the acceptance documentation are given. It is proposed to amend Article 39 of Federal Law No. 384-FZ of December 30, 2009, regarding the transfer of responsibility for confirming compliance of the completed construction facility with technical regulations and the project to the technical customer, with the issuance of certificates of compliance.

Supervision and professional development support for newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand

INTRODUCTION: Many social work professional bodies and regulators mandate regular supervision. Supervision is believed to support continuing development of professional skills, safeguarding of competent and ethical practice, oversight of the practitioner’s work for adherence to organisational expectations, and support for practitioner wellbeing.METHOD: Phase two of the Enhancing the Readiness to Practice of Newly-Qualified Social Workers (Enhance R2P) project employed a mixed methods study (surveys and interviews) to explore how well prepared newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) in their first two years of practice are to enter professional social work. A survey of managers /supervisors and newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand about the readiness to practice of recent graduates was conducted. The survey design included a replication of a similar study carried out in England.FINDINGS: Questions about supervision were included in the survey and in interviews with both NQSWs and supervisors/managers. Around half of NQSWs were supervised at least once every two weeks, but another half were supervised monthly or less frequently. Observation of practice was either very infrequent or entirely absent from the professional supervision of NQSWs.IMPLICATIONS: Study findings revealed great variability in the formal supervision and other supports available for NQSWs which may impact on retention. More integrated systems of supervision, peer support and planned professional development are needed.

Supervision, support and professional development for newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand

INTRODUCTION: Many social work professional bodies and regulators mandate regular supervision and professional development. Supervision is believed to support continuing development of professional skills, safeguarding of competent and ethical practice, oversight of the practitioner’s work for adherence to organisational expectations, and support for practitioner wellbeing.METHOD: Phase two of the Enhancing the Readiness to Practice of Newly Qualified Social Workers (Enhance R2P) project employed a mixed methods study (surveys and interviews) to explore how well prepared newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) are, in their first two years of practice, to enter professional social work. A survey of managers/supervisors and NQSWs in Aotearoa New Zealand about the readiness to practise of recent graduates was conducted.FINDINGS: Questions about supervision and professional development were included in the survey and in interviews with both NQSWs and supervisors/managers. Around half of NQSWs were supervised at least once every two weeks, but another half were supervised monthly or less frequently. Observation of practice by supervisors was either very infrequent or entirely absent from the professional development of NQSWs.IMPLICATIONS: Study findings revealed great variability in the formal supervision and other supports available for NQSWs which may impact on retention and practitioner wellbeing. More integrated systems of supervision, peer support and planned professional development are needed.

Історичні аспекти розвитку цифрових систем в Україні

In article the made attempt to tell about some scientific schools in the field of digital electronic computer facilities in days of its formation. It is necessary to note results of huge self-denying work of collectives scientific and operated them on maintenance with computer facilities of space researches, atomic engineering, rocket production, the first class systems of supervision over space, antimissile і antiaircraft defence. Necessity of the additional information at studying of such disciplines as: «Computer science», «the Engineering and computer drawing», «Metrology», «Standardization», etc. has shown, that it is necessary to give on employment to students an additional material from history of development of digital systems in different fields of knowledge. Therefore we have laid down for ourselves the aim in given article to result some examples of historical aspects of development of digital measuring systems in Ukraine and their industrial application. This additional information can be used at studying of discipline «Standardization» with attraction general The technical, and also profile subjects. The huge role in formation of a new direction (computing systems) was brought by Victor Mihajlovich Glushkov. In December, 1957 the laboratory has been transformed to Computer centre AN USSR with the scientific research institute rights. In 1962 the Computer centre has been transformed to Institute of cybernetics AN USSR which director till the end of a life there was V. M. Glushkov. At this institute under the guidance of Victor Mihajlovicha there were created tens types of the COMPUTER, many of which not only answered the world standards, but also have opened absolutely new directions in computer facilities development. So, for example, cars of a series the WORLD (the car for engineering calculations) became a prototype of personal computers. It has been even more designed different operating systems and complexes. The institute became a leader in working out and in manufacture of the automated control systems. This small analysis which has been executed from material ordering which concerns directly all general technical and professional disciplines.

Supporting the role and enabling the potential of community health workers in Bangladesh’s rural maternal and newborn health programs: a qualitative study

Background In the global journey towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), strong primary healthcare systems are essential. This includes the frontline health workers, the bedrock of which are community health workers (CHWs). In Bangladesh, this largely female workforce plays a critical role in health promotion and linking communities with the formal health care system. With the launch of the new national strategy on CHWs, and its ambitions around the implementation of harmonized systems of financing, certification, job harmonization, performance assessment and supportive supervision, it is important to reference the perceptions, experiences, needs and aspirations of CHWs themselves. Methods This qualitative exploratory study examines three UNICEF supported maternal and newborn health (MNH) programs in rural Bangladesh, with two districts sampled for each program. In-depth interviews were conducted with CHWs, community members, other health workers, and program managers. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, with a particular focus on the voice and experience of CHWs and the programmatic features that support them in serving their communities. Results Across all three programs, CHWs function as critical local agents for health promotion and referral whose recruitment from and support by the community, enhances their effectiveness. Regular communication and collaboration between CHWs and public-sector frontline workers were perceived as important in enabling their role in increasing the coverage of essential services. Support for structured systems of training, supervision and monitoring which encompass the support of referral decisions, was also apparent. Of particular note were the needs and aspirations of CHWs regarding work-life balance, job satisfaction and desire for professional development. These concerns emphasize the importance of flexibility in how the CHW workforce is configured such that roles, responsibilities and remuneration are keyed to experience and qualifications, and the dynamic needs and aspirations of CHWs over the life course. Conclusions As Bangladesh pursues its UHC agenda, CHWs are pivotal in linking underserved communities to the formal health system. Flexibility in the scope of CHW roles and responsibilities, as well as supportive supervision, regular training and fair remuneration, will optimize their contributions towards UHC and better MNH outcomes.

Public health nurses' perinatal mental health training needs: A cross sectional survey.

To examine public health nurses' education, training, and professional support needs in perinatal mental health. Public health nurses have a key role in supporting maternal mental health including screening, support, referral, and decreasing stigmatization. A cross-sectional survey. Data were collected from a convenience sample of Irish public health nurses (N=105) from December 2016-February 2018. The anonymous postal survey consisted of the Perinatal Mental Health Questionnaire, Mental Illness: Clinician's Attitudes scale and Perinatal Mental Health Learning Needs questionnaire. Public health nurses reported good levels of knowledge (77.2%) and confidence (83.8%) in recognising women experiencing stress, anxiety and depression. They indicated less confidence in caring (50.5%) for women. The average score for the Mental Illness: Clinician's Attitudes scale was 35.9 (SD5.9), suggesting positive attitudes towards women with significant mental illness. Public health nurses require educational opportunities to explore expressions of psychological distress across cultures and their own personal attitudes to mental health, systems of clinical supervision, and support pathways. Generating new knowledge on the importance of incorporating an attitude component in perinatal mental health education for public health nurses.

Study of negative outcomes in the results of using medicines by patients in Ukraine and abroad

The rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry, the emergence of new forms of drug advertising, modern sales technologies, self-treatment are of concern. At the same time, there are tendencies in the case of the prescribing or dispensation medicines, as well as mistakes in taking the drugs by patients. This leads to patients health harm, and in some cases leads to lethal effects and additional funds.Aim. To study the negative effects of using medicines by patients inUkraine and abroad.Results. The analysis of definitions related to drugs safety, the classification of medication-related errors, the relationship of medication errors with adverse reactions of drug. The analysis of current state functioning efficiency of the pharmaceutical supervision system inUkraine has been carried out, according to the results of which it is established that domestic system meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization, however, today does not take into account all developed European recommendations.Conclusions. It is established that in the world today there is no single unified classification of medication related errors. It is determined that the most common defining characteristic of mistakes during pharmacotherapy is the term "medication error". Taking into account the general tendencies, the following categories of errors are distinguished: mistakes occurred in a case of drug administration, use of medicines if inpatient treatment, and when giving a drug to a pharmaceutical worker. It has been determined that systems of pharmaceutical supervision of many countries acknowledging the data of medication error. The domestic pharmacovigilance system as a whole complies with international standards, but still does not take into account all developed recommendations and needs to be reformed, in view of Eurointegration processes taking place inUkraine.

Building of an Internet+ supervision system for vendor-processed TCM herbal pieces decoction and delivery service

Pace of life and work of people is accelerating nowadays, and hospitals keep improving their services, which gives rise to the decoction and delivery service from the third party vendors for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Given the quality control standards for the TCM decoction service as issued by Zhejiang and other regions, the systems of supervision and assessment remain incomplete.Authors of the paper introduced a project improvement team, composed of Chinese medicine pharmacy, Chinese medicine experience specialists, vendors of Chinese medicine decoction and express delivery companies, hence establishing a three-in-one supervision system of Internet+ TCM decoction and delivery service.This practice can optimize the assessment indexes, strengthen the assessment system of assessment transformation and supervision system for patient medication.It proves that the practice contributes to higher quality and safety of TCM decoction and delivery service, improves the ability and level of TCM services, and ensures the medication safety of patients. Key words: Safety management; TCM herbal pieces; Supervision; Appraisal; Internet+

CLASSIFICATION OF MODELS OF REGULATION AND SUPERVISION BY THE ACTIVITIES OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Introduction. In the conditions of globalized world, a mechanism for coordination of national systems of regulation and supervision of financial institutions is considered an urgent need. The problems of the formation of regulatory and supervisory systems in the financial sector are the core ones for many scholars' researches (such as B.Eihengrin, D. Kalvo, G. Karcheva, A.Melecki, V.Mishchenko, etc.). Scientists have conducted many relevant and effective studies of the evolution of institutional support for such systems. However, these studies differ in their approaches to the determination of the models of the regulatory and supervisory systems. Purpose. The article aims to conduct the analysis of the positive practice of developing regulatory and supervisory systems to control financial institutions activity and to identify the main factors for the classification of models of such systems. Results. Author establishes the objective reasons for the emergence of a sectoral model, such as different nature of financial services, which establish the legal relationship between financial institution and consumer of financial services. The article defines the differences between consolidated and integrated models. These differences outline the responsibility for oversight by one or more supervisors and display the existence of different supervisory methodologies - unified and integrated. Author determines the main advantages provided by the system of consolidated supervision and estimates the shortcomings of the transitional period in the process of transforming of the sectoral model into a consolidated regulatory and supervisory model. According to the proposed criteria (supervision of financial institutions, protection of consumers of financial services and investors, micro-prudential and macroprudential supervision, withdrawal of financial institutions from the market), author determines four models of the system of regulation and supervision of financial institutions. They are sectoral model, consolidated model with centralization and consolidation of the functions in the central bank, a consolidated model with centralization and consolidation of functions in a single authorized oversight body and an integrated model Twin Peaks. Investigation of the transformation processes of the regulation and supervision systems over the activities of financial institutions allowed generalizing the advantages and disadvantages of different models of regulatory and supervisory systems, which have been outlined in this paper.

Удосконалення нагляду за діяльністю проблемних банків.

The article deals with the main indicators of the banking system of Ukraine and the mechanism of identifying risks in the activities of banking institutions. The main positive and negative methods of supervision in the banking sector are highlighted. Problems and main directions of improvement of banking supervision of Ukraine are defined. The classification of banking supervision over the stages of existence is supplemented by another important type, namely, special supervision over troubled and insolvent banks. The use of rating systems of banking supervision in Ukraine, which will allow more accurately and quickly identify possible problems in the work of banking institutions of the country, is proposed. The international practice of management of problem assets of banks is analyzed. The main results of inspections in recent years on the basis of which the recommendations of the NBU on the adjustment of the main performance indicators were given and proposed their own in order to bring Ukrainian banking standards to the world. Key performance indicators have been adjusted.

Алгоритм класифікації ділянок кусково-однорідних зображень для систем виявлення та спостереження

The questions of construction of algorithm of classification of piece-homogeneous images are considered with the use of two-dimensional stochastic linear models, that generate two-dimensional casual processes to that procedures of theory of statistical decisions are applied. For the model of mixture autoregressive and polynomial presentations expression is got for a decision rule and the algorithm of classification of areas of piece-homogeneous images is built for operative treatment in the systems of discovery and supervision.

Sistemi uslovne osude sa zaštitnim nadzorom u evropskom krivičnom pravu

In contemporary criminal law, a prison sentence is the basic and most important type of criminal sanction imposed on criminal offenders in order to prevent and combat crime. In addition to the unconditional prison sentence, all criminal legislations also recognize different modalities of its imposition or execution. Different forms of substitute or alternative measures are awarded in cases where unconditional detention is not necessary. Thus, we can distinguish full or partial suspension of the prison sentence or some other kind of punishment. In the first case, it involves the suspended sentence. This is a complete exemption from the execution of a court-awarded prison sentences (and/or other types and forms of punishment), or determined for a specified time (probation period) and under certain conditions. In case the conditionally convicted person does not meet the set of general and special, mandatory or optional requirements, criminal law provides for mandatory or optional revocation of the suspended sentence. However, in addition to the suspended sentence as a form or modality of executing the imposed prison sentences, some modern criminal laws also recognize the suspended sentence as a special kind of criminal penalty - as a measure of warning. A prerequisite for the implementation of these measures is the fulfillment of the formal requirements, pertaining to the type of offence and prison sentence duration, or material conditions - the court assessment that the application of penalties in the particular case is not necessary because the goals (purpose) of punishment can be achieved without effective enforcement of prison sentences in whole or in part. This paper discusses the concept, characteristics, conditions and methods of implementation of these forms of prison sentence suspension, with various systems of probation supervision in the European criminal law.

Internal systems of financial control of investment companies: European experience of regulation and possibilities for use on the national financial market

Features of functioning are studied of European investment companies, the experience of financial regulators in the proceedings of supervision and their regulation in the organization of internal systems of supervision and control over their activities. Researching of the results of the introduction of the MIFID II directive, the ESMA standards, combined with the use of instruments of national financial regulators of the European Union state-members in the field of supervision of investment companies and funds will enable to analyze the effectiveness of such a combination and expediency of their implementation in the national stock market.The aim lays in identification of key regulatory tools used in the European Union, improving the efficiency of the interaction of domestic investment companies' systems in order to determine their applicability in the national financial market in order to promotion the development of the national economic system in general.Research objectives:- to investigate the normative provision of the processes of regulating the organizational requirements of the functioning of the internal systems of investment companies in the EU countries, the implementation of changes to them among the EU state-members and the possibilities of their implementation in Ukraine;- to identify key objects of regulation of the internal systems of investment companies;- to determine the peculiarities of functioning of the internal systems of investment firms of the EU countries;- to study the specifics of the functioning of the internal audit (control) system of the investment company, their place and role in the implementation of the company's activities;- to determine the possibility of applying European norms of regulation of the activity of internal systems of investment companies among professional participants in the national stock market.Summary. Of point of view on types of operations and peculiarities of the organization and functioning of investment companies in the national stock market in comparison with the improved (in accordance with the directives of the European Mergers and Securities Market Supervision Authority and the EU Directive on Financial Instruments Market II) procedures for the definition, regulation, organization, legislative and institutional support taking into account peculiarities and scales of activity of investment companies of internal control services, internal audit, conformity activity legislation, risk management system can be concluded that the presence of these elements in some professional participants in the stock market, despite the frequency of their concentration in one department (person), in the form of - the compliance unit - the legal department (lawyer), or the merger - the internal audit unit (control), internal auditor (controller).The presence of similar institutional support in the organizational system of the activity of investment companies is not fully comply with the functional obligation established by the improved requirements in accordance with the guidelines of the European Management of Stock Exchange and Securities and the EU Directive "On Markets of Financial Instruments II", but it can be implemented and applied at the national the stock market, which will make it possible to apply wider oversight, internal audit and control procedures, avoid multiple violations of legislation in the conduct of their activities and, consequently, penalties as well as their consequences, improve the quality of investment services in the securities market, protect the rights of their users or investors.