Systems Of Induction Research Articles

Epigenetic Effects of Benzene in Hematologic Neoplasms: The Altered Gene Expression.

Simple SummaryBenzene is produced by diverse petroleum transformation processes and it is widely employed in industry despite its oncogenic effects. In fact, occupational exposure to benzene may cause hematopoietic malignancy. The leukemogenic action of benzene is particularly complex. Possible processes of onset of hematological malignancies have been recognized as a genotoxic action and the provocation of immunosuppression. However, benzene can induce modifications that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence, the so-called epigenetics changes. Acquired epigenetic modification may also induce leukemogenesis, as benzene may alter nuclear receptors, and cause changes at the protein level, thereby modifying the function of regulatory proteins, including oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins.Benzene carcinogenic ability has been reported, and chronic exposure to benzene can be one of the risk elements for solid cancers and hematological neoplasms. Benzene is acknowledged as a myelotoxin, and it is able to augment the risk for the onset of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, and lymphomas. Possible mechanisms of benzene initiation of hematological tumors have been identified, as a genotoxic effect, an action on oxidative stress and inflammation and the provocation of immunosuppression. However, it is becoming evident that genetic alterations and the other causes are insufficient to fully justify several phenomena that influence the onset of hematologic malignancies. Acquired epigenetic alterations may participate with benzene leukemogenesis, as benzene may affect nuclear receptors, and provoke post-translational alterations at the protein level, thereby touching the function of regulatory proteins, comprising oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins. DNA hypomethylation correlates with stimulation of oncogenes, while the hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of specific tumor suppressor genes inhibits their transcription and stimulates the onset of tumors. The discovery of the systems of epigenetic induction of benzene-caused hematological tumors has allowed the possibility to operate with pharmacological interventions able of stopping or overturning the negative effects of benzene.

Constitutional Re-Conditioning of Micro Environmental Induction of Malignant Progression in Melanoma Pathogenesis

Melanoma constitutes a primary focus of constitutional re-determination that foreshadows the dynamic profiles for pathway non-resolution as determined by pathologic delineation of clinical aggressiveness in growth and spread of the lesion. The significance of prognostic markers presently available do not reliably indicate the distinctive evolution of progression, as well-indicated by systems of targeting pathways and as genetic profile coordinates. These genetic profiles overwhelmingly give specific dimension to the significant evolutionary acquisition of attributes for non-resolution of the primary and metastatic lesions. It is further to such considerations that the identity profile for a given melanoma lesion allow for emergence of projected systems of distinctive induction in terms that re-confirm the initial transformation event in groups of individual melanocytes.

Helping School Leaders Help New Teachers: A Tool for Transforming School-Based Induction

Ample research demonstrates the power of comprehensive induction to develop and retain new teachers. Education scholars generally agree on what powerful systems of induction include, yet few tools exist for guiding schools in creating such systems. Drawing on theory and practice, we have created such a tool. This article introduces the Continuum of Practices for Building Comprehensive School-Based Induction, a detailed description of exemplary comprehensive school-based induction and its stages of development. It is an educative document, a formative assessment tool, a discussion prompt, and an articulation of theory. We describe the ideas that underpin the continuum, its development, and its potential use.

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Essential Oils of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Caraway (Carum carvi L.) (Apiaceae)

Essential oils of Coriandrum sativum L. and Carum carvi L. fruits were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) damage. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), measured as scavenging activity of the essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(*)) and OH radicals and effects on lipid peroxidation (LP) in two systems of induction. Some liver biochemical parameters were determined in animals pretreated with essential oils and later intoxicated with CCl(4) to assess in vivo hepatoprotective effect. Tested essential oils were able to reduce the stable DPPH(*) in a dose-dependent manner and to neutralize H(2)O(2), reaching 50% neutralization with IC(50) values of <2.5 microL/mL for Carvi aetheroleum and 4.05 microL/mL for Coriandri aetheroleum . Caraway essential oil strongly inhibited LP in both systems of induction, whereas coriander essential oil exhibited prooxidant activity. In vivo investigation conferred leak of antioxidative capacity of coriander essential oil, whereas the essential oil of caraway appeared promising for safe use in folk medicine and the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Developing Comprehensive Induction in Jewish Day Schools: Lessons from the Field

Effective school-based induction for new teachers involves much more than mentoring; it requires a comprehensive array of supports buttressed by a collaborative professional culture. Yet few schools are able to offer such a nourishing environment to their new hires. What would it take to bridge the gap between the real and the ideal? In 2005 team of researchers and practitioners launched a three-year project with two goals: a) to help the leaders of four Jewish day schools create comprehensive systems of induction for their new teachers and b) to carefully document the process. This paper presents the theory behind our work, our strategies for effecting change and lessons learned along the way.

Antioxidant activities of Carum carvi L. and Coriandrum sativum L., Apiaceae essential oils

Many aromatic plants are today considered as the important sources for the extraction of compounds with strong antioxidant activity. Caraway (Carum carvi L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) are two spices widely used as spices, in folk medicine, pharmacy and flavoring agents. In this study, antioxidant activity of essential oils of these two plants in four different model systems is presented. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with the effect on lipid peroxidation (LP). The chemical composition of essential oils was evaluated by GC-MS and TLC. The antioxidant effects were evaluated by neutralization of stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydrogen peroxide. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of examined essential oils in in Fe2+/ascorbate and Fe2+/H2O2 systems of induction [1]. Investigated essential oils reduced the DPPH radical formation (IC50=4.1µl/ml for caraway and 53.5µl/ml for coriander) and H2O2 (IC50=5.77µl/ml for caraway and 5.33µl/ml for coriander) in dose dependent manner. Strong inhibition of LP in both systems of induction was observed for the caraway essential oil. On contrary, coriander essential oil exhibited prooxidant activity in Fe2+/H2O2 system of induction from -161.53 to –257.79% of inhibition in the applied concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 12.5µl/ml). Differences obtained in the antioxidant activity could be explained by the chemical composition of the essential oils. In the essential oil of caraway carvone (78.8%) was the main constituent. Linalool (74.6%) was the dominant compound in the coriander essential oil and for this substance is confirmed that in some test systems could exhibit strong prooxidant activity [2].

Phenolics as antioxidants in garlic ( Allium sativum L., Alliaceae)

The antioxidant activities of polar fractions of mature garlic bulbs and immature plants in four different model systems are presented. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as free radical-scavenging capacity (RSC), together with the effect on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed by measuring the scavenging activity of garlic extracts on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ) and hydrogen peroxide. Effects on LP were evaluated by following the activities of examined garlic extracts in Fe 2+/ascorbate and Fe 2+/H 2O 2 systems of induction. Investigated extracts reduced the DPPH radical formation (IC 50 ranging from 1.03 to 6.01 mg/ml) and neutralised H 2O 2 (IC 50 ranging from 0.55 to 2.01 mg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Strong inhibition of LP in both systems of induction was observed for all tested garlic extracts. Various levels of phenolics (0.05–0.98 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry extract) and flavonoid aglycones (4.16–6.99 μg quercetin equivalents/g of dry extract) in the investigated extracts of garlic could explain the obtained differences in these results only partially.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Rosemary and Sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) Essential Oils

The essential oils of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and 6 fungi, including Candida albicans and 5 dermatomycetes. The most important antibacterial activity of both essential oils was expressed on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. enteritidis, and Shigella sonei. A significant rate of antifungal activity, especially of essential oil of rosemary, was also exhibited. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with the effect on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed by measuring the scavenging activity of essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of essential oils in Fe(2+)/ascorbate and Fe(2+)/H2O2 systems of induction. Investigated essential oils reduced the DPPH radical formation (IC50 = 3.82 microg/mL for rosemary and 1.78 microg/mL for sage) in a dose-dependent manner. Strong inhibition of LP in both systems of induction was especially observed for the essential oil of rosemary.

A multiplicity of cell death pathways

The Keystone Symposium on Apoptotic and Non‐Apoptotic Cell Death Pathways took place between 15 and 20 April 2007, in Monterey, CA, USA, and was organized by J. Yuan, D. Bredesen and Z. Zakeri. ![][1] In an adult human, millions of cells die each second as a result of normal development as well as loss associated with pathology. For years, it has been widely assumed that this cell death occurs primarily through one mechanism—apoptosis—at least in physiological circumstances (Lockshin & Zakeri, 2001; Horvitz, 2003). The 2007 Keystone Symposium on Apoptosis and Non‐Apoptotic Cell Death Pathways marked a turning point in the field by acknowledging the multiplicity of cell death mechanisms that exist. In most systems of apoptosis induction, the inhibition of caspases—cysteine proteases that are crucial to apoptosis—unmasks other mechanisms of cell death, which often shifts the apoptotic default pathway to non‐apoptotic cell death modalities. Furthermore, such non‐apoptotic cell death mechanisms occur in several in vitro and in vivo models of normal and pathological cell death (Yuan, 2003; Levine & Klionsky, 2004; Festjens et al , 2006; Gozuacik & Kimchi, 2007). The length of time that it has taken for these non‐apoptotic cell deaths to be fully accepted reflects the importance and impact of the initial discovery of apoptosis and its caspase‐mediated mechanism. It might also reflect a certain reluctance at recognizing—even down one's own microscope—the existence of pathways that do not fit the established dogma. Meetings such as this symposium do much for the realization of the widespread occurrence of non‐apoptotic cell death, and this should have therapeutic consequences. The terms ‘programmed cell death’ and ‘apoptosis’ have been virtually synonymous for more than two decades. However, programmed cell death encompasses the cellular demise that results from an ordered, controlled process irrespective of the mechanism, whereas apoptosis describes … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif

Troubles with (the concept of) truth in mathematics

In the paper the problem of definability and undefinability of the concept of satisfaction and truth is considered. Connections between satisfaction and truth on the one hand and consistency of certain systems of omega-logic and transfinite induction on the other are indicated.

A new technique for proving realisability and consistency theorems using finite paraconsistent models of cut‐free logic

AbstractA new technique for proving realisability results is presented, and is illustrated in detail for the simple case of arithmetic minus induction. CL is a Gentzen formulation of classical logic. CPQ is CL minus the Cut Rule. The basic proof theory and model theory of CPQ and CL is developed. For the semantics presented CPQ is a paraconsistent logic, i.e. there are non‐trivial CPQ models in which some sentences are both true and false. Two systems of arithmetic minus induction are introduced, CL‐A and CPQ‐A based on CL and CPQ, respectively. The realisability theorem for CPQ‐A is proved: It is shown constructively that to each theorem A of CPQ‐A there is a formula A *, a so‐called “realised disjunctive form of A ”, such that variables bound by essentially existential quantifiers in A * can be written as recursive functions of free variables and variables bound by essentially universal quantifiers. Realisability is then applied to prove the consistency of CL‐A, making use of certain finite non‐trivial inconsistent models of CPQ‐A. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Salinity-induced changes in two cultivars of Vigna radiata: responses of antioxidative and proline metabolism

The effects of amino acid cysteine to culture systems of microspore-derived callus induction as well as plantlet regeneration were studied. Isolated pollen along with anther walls of basmati cultivars, Pusa basmati 1, Basmati 370 and Basmati 386 were cultured in a medium based on N6 salts supplemented with or without cysteine following pollen embedment in agarose. The induction and regeneration medium with cysteine gave twice as effective androgenesis and plantlet regeneration in recalcitrant basmati rice cultivars as compared with medium lacking cysteine. Unlike the highly responsive model systems, most of the indica cultivars responded rather poorly in anther culture. So the study may accelerate the introgression of desirable genes into basmati rice using anther culture as a breeding tool. Response of microspores in androgenesis, plant regeneration and albinism was genotype specific. Regeneration of Indica rice varieties remains a limiting factor for researchers undertaking transformation experiments.

Characterization of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils of Some Lamiaceae Spices and the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Entire Oils

The essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., and Thymus vulgaris L. were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with effects on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed measuring the scavenging activity of the essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH(*)) and OH(*) radicals. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of essential oils in Fe(2+)/ascorbate and Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) systems of induction. Essential oils exhibited very strong RSCs, reducing the DPPH radical formation (IC(50)) in the range from 0.17 (oregano) to 0.39 microg/mL (basil). The essential oil of T. vulgaris exhibited the highest OH radical scavenging activity, although none of the examined essential oils reached 50% of neutralization (IC(50)). All of the tested essential oils strongly inhibited LP, induced either by Fe(2+)/ascorbate or by Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2). The antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and six fungi. The most effective antibacterial activity was expressed by the essential oil of oregano, even on multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A significant rate of antifungal activity of all of the examined essential oils was also exhibited.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil.

The present study describes antimicrobial and free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) together with the effects on lipid peroxidation (LP) of Melissa officinalis essential oil. The chemical profile of essential oil was evaluated by the means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). RSC was assessed measuring the scavenging activity of essential oil on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(*)) and OH(*) radicals. The effect on LP was evaluated following the activities on Fe(2+)/ascorbate and Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) systems of induction. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and six fungi. The examined essential oil exhibited very strong RSC, reducing the DPPH radical formation (IC(50) = 7.58 microg/mL) and OH radical generation (IC(50) = 1.74 microg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. According to the GC-MS and TLC (dot-blot techniques), the most powerful scavenging compounds were monoterpene aldehydes and ketones (neral/geranial, citronellal, isomenthone, and menthone) and mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (E-caryophyllene). Very strong inhibition of LP, particularly in the Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) system of induction (94.59% for 2.13 microg/mL), was observed in both cases, also in a dose-dependent manner. The most effective antibacterial activity was expressed on a multiresistant strain of Shigella sonei. A significant rate of antifungal activity was exhibited on Trichophyton species.

Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Teachers in Special Education: Repairing or Redesigning the Leaky Pipeline

In this article, we introduce some of the issues that interact to produce the "leaky pipeline" we refer to in the title—a pipeline that results in a dearth of persons of color having professional jobs in special education. These issues serve to influence the entrée and flow of persons from diverse cultural and linguistic (CLD) backgrounds throughout the personnel pipeline feeding special education and related services careers. The issues discussed include factors affecting the availability of CLD persons for higher education degrees, the 2- and 4-year and graduate systems of professional induction and development, some of the contemporary dialogue regarding the problematic vision of special education, and the conceptual framework of special education in light of the ontological worldviews of some CLD persons. Finally, we review training trends and successful programs in order to highlight directions available for sensitively engaging not only demographic realities, but a more pluralistic outlook on teacher education and services to children. What these trends and successful programs show, given the leaks in the pipeline and lack of a shared vision for special education training and services, is that local people responding to local needs are the best at both repairing and redesigning the pipeline.

Antioxidant Action of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids

The antioxidant action of a series of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids has been investigated. Laudanosoline, protopapaverine, anonaine, apomorphine, glaucine, boldine, bulbocapnine, tetrahydroberberine and stepholidine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+/ascorbate, CCl4/NADPH or by Fe3+ ADP/NADPH. Apomorphine exerted the highest inhibitory effects in the three systems of induction used, with a potency higher than propyl gallate. Laudanosoline was particularly effective in the first system, while bulbocapnine and anonaine were more potent when CCl4/NADPH or Fe3(+)-ADP/NADPH were used as inducers. Laudanosoline, protopapaverine, apomorphine, tetrahydroberberine and stepholidine were also potent inhibitors of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. The presence of a free hydroxyl group or preferably of a catechol group is a feature relevant for inhibition of lipid peroxidation and NBT reduction, nevertheless the antioxidant activity of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids cannot be only ascribed to the formation of phenoxy radicals and other free radical species may be formed during aporphine and tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidation. The influence of this series of compounds on the time course of lipid peroxidation suggests that some of them, like apomorphine and boldine act as chain-breaking antioxidants.

On systems of definitions, induction and recursion

Primitive recursion can be seen as the computational interpretation of induction through the Curry-Howard interpretation of propositions-as-types. In the present paper we discuss what happens if we apply this idea to possible non monotone inductive definitions. We start with a logical interpretation of a class of inductive definitions, thepartial inductive definitions. Then we internalise induction over such definitions as a rule of inference and consider a Curry-Howard interpretation of these definitions as type systems. As a basic example we discuss what meaning this interpretation gives to primitive recursion on a definition likeN=N→N.

Search for Ha-ras codon 61 mutations in liver tumours caused by hexachlorobenzene and Aroclor 1254 in C57BL/10ScSn mice with iron overload.

C57BL/10ScSn mice administered iron--dextran and fed the environmental pollutants hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) develop hepatic nodules and carcinomas within 18 months. A range of lesions from the livers were analysed for the presence of mutations in the Ha-ras proto-oncogene at codon 61 using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA from formalin-fixed sections, followed by oligonucleotide hybridization. Only two mutations from 23 preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions induced by HCB were detected (a focus of altered cells and a trabecular cell carcinoma). With Aroclor 1254 no mutations were detected in 28 areas at various stages of carcinogenesis analysed. Sequencing of the two mutations generated by HCB showed a C-->T transversion at the first base of codon 61 (carcinoma) and an A-->T transversion at the second base (proliferative focus). Thus, in marked contrast to some other systems of mouse liver tumour induction, hepatocarcinogenesis caused by HCB and PCBs in C57BL/10ScSn mice is an example of carcinogenesis which does not involve a high frequency of Ha-ras gene mutation at codon 61.

Investigation into the effect of DHEA on renal carcinogenesis induced in the rat by a single dose of DMN

Because long-term oral administration of the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has previously been shown to inhibit the development of spontaneous breast cancer and chemically induced lung, colon, skin, and liver tumors in various mouse and rat strains, the effect of DHEA on the development of rat kidney tumors by a single dose of 30 mg/kg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was tested. DHEA was administered in the diet for a 26-week period commencing 2 weeks after DMN treatment. DHEA administration caused a reduction in body weight gain in accordance with its known antiobesity activity. However, it did not exert any inhibitory effect on either renal mesenchymal or cortical epithelial tumor induction by DMN, nor did it alter the average survival time. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of renal adenocarcinomas in the DHEA-treated group but not of renal adenomas. The results were discussed in relation to the mesodermal origin of kidney and the potency of single-dose systems of experimental cancer induction.

Large Scale Induction Generators for Power Systems

Induction generators coupled with controlled static var sources can replace the function of synchronous alternators. They can operate in systems composed exclusively of induction generators or in mixed systems of induction and synchronous sources.