Control System Theory Research Articles

Исследование многоуровневых моделей управления вагонопотоками в адрес припортовых станций с применением теории дифференциальных уравнений

Purpose: To consider the issue of sustainability of multi-level control systems for car flows to port railway stations in the conditions of intellectualization of transportation management processes. To assess the influence of three-level and two-level control systems for the operational work of port roads on the quality of planning the supply of trains to port stations under various modes of operational operation of railways. Determine the conditions for the stability of the car flow control system by constructing and studying the corresponding hard and soft mathematical models described by autonomous systems of ordinary linear differential equations. Methods: In this study, the methods of the theory of stability of solutions of differential equations, as well as the theory of control and dynamical systems are used. A phase space is used in a visual representation, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the behavior of phase trajectories in it is performed, corresponding to undisturbed and perturbed solutions of systems of differential equations describing the constructed models of control systems. Results: A comparison of the characteristics of multistage car traffic control systems is given. A study of the stability of multilevel models of car traffic management in the context of the intellectualization of management functions is proposed. In the environment of the analytical computing system, the conditions of asymptotic stability in time of a two-level wagon traffic control system are found and studied. Practical importance: The results obtained by computational experiment make it possible to assess the stability of the functioning of port-side transport and technological systems in the context of changes in the organization of production and the intellectualization of transportation management processes. Computer mathematics systems make it possible to implement the heuristic component of research and obtain theoretically sound and visual solutions to problems of optimizing cargo and wagon traffic control modes.

On separability of semigroups: application to models of physics and discrete optimization

Nilpotent semigroups are used in various fields of physics to model processes like system decay in quantum mechanics, state transitions in statistical mechanics, and simplifying dynamical systems. They also assist in optimizing control processes. The set of nilpotent matrices forms a semigroup and plays a key role in Jordan decomposition, which has many physical applications. In quantum mechanics, the Jordan form helps analyze linear operators on Hilbert spaces, especially with systems involving eigenvalue multiplicities. In vibration analysis, it aids in studying normal modes of mechanical systems with degenerate frequencies. Additionally, Jordan decomposition simplifies control theory for linear time-invariant systems, stability analysis in dynamical systems, and the behavior of coupled oscillators, as well as solving systems of linear differential equations. Certainly, the semigroup theory has even more applications in theoretical computer science: suffice it to say, for example, that some authors identify semigroups and finite automata. In this paper, we address the problem of P-separability of semigroups with respect to three key predicates: equality-separability, divisibility-separability, and subsemigroup-separability, achieved through homomorphisms into a nilpotent semigroup. We present some significant results that advance the understanding of these concepts.

SEE Transform Technique in Control Theory

As in the Laplace transform technique, a new integral technique called SEE (Sadiq-Emad-Eman) transform is submitted. Showed propositions and important properties of SEE integral technique for differentiate of functions and showed shifting property for SEE technique. Got transfer function of dynamic system in control theory applying SEE integral technique. Solved some important problems in control theory via SEE technique. Showed that the Laplace integral technique and every integral transform technique like the Laplace transform available in the literature are particular cases of the SEE technique.

Active Willis metamaterials with programmable density and stiffness

Investigation and implementation of Active Willis Metamaterials (AWM) have been done exclusively, in all the available literature, by approaches that do not rely on any solid control theory basis. When coupled with piezoelectric control elements, the available approaches have not included, from the first principles, the exact form of the constitutive relationship of the piezoelectric materials. Furthermore, in all these approaches, stability analysis, robustness, ability to accommodate uncertainty or parameter changes, or consideration of disturbance rejection has not been addressed at all. More importantly, the available formulations have always mixed the flow and effort variables of the AWM, resulting in a form that is totally incompatible for the use in generating, investigating, or even designing any appropriate sensing or control applications of the material. In this paper, the piezoelectric-based AWM is modeled, from the first principles, to develop a constitutive coupling form that enables its use in actuation, sensing, and as an integrated controller that can be analyzed, designed, and optimized using the classical, optimal, and robust control system theories. Lagrange dynamics formulation is used to generate the equations governing the Willis coupling, the piezoelectric coupling, as well as the active robust controller. With this developed controlled-based structure of the AWM, the inherent and powerful capabilities of the AWM that lie in its ability to robustly control the material properties themselves such as the compliance (or stiffness) and specific volume (or density) are demonstrated in great detail via several numerical examples. Controlling these properties enables the AWM to be used in numerous important and imaginative applications such as cloaking, beam shifting, beam focusing, as well as many other applications that are limited only by our imagination.

Prescribed-time command filtered control for a class uncertain nonlinear systems

This article delves into the intricate challenge of implementing prescribed-time command filtered control in the context of uncertain nonlinear systems. Firstly, a prescribed-time function is defined to lay the groundwork for subsequent controller design. Subsequently, a novel prescribed-time command Filtered controller is proposed for high-order nonlinear systems featuring unknown parameters. This controller guarantees swift error convergence within a predefined time range, with the added capability of periodic error convergence to zero during subsequent controller operations. A pivotal innovation in this study lies in the controller’s design, which remains unaffected by the system’s initial conditions. This unique feature enables the prescribed time to be flexibly set within physical constraints, diverging markedly from conventional finite-time control theory. Theoretical analysis has conclusively shown that the controller achieves full-state tracking error convergence within the specified time frame. The efficacy of the research findings is substantiated through two simulation cases, underscoring a substantial contribution to the refinement and adaptability of nonlinear system control theory.

Editorial Conclusion for the Special Issue “New Theory and Applications of Nonlinear Analysis, Fractional Calculus and Optimization”

Nonlinear analysis has widespread and significant applications in many areas at the core of many branches of pure and applied mathematics and modern science, including nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations, critical point theory, functional analysis, fixed point theory, nonlinear optimization, fractional calculus, variational analysis, convex analysis, dynamical system theory, mathematical economics, data mining, signal processing, control theory, and many more [...]

Multi‐event‐based distributed cooperative predictive control for the multi‐agent system

AbstractIn this paper, we provide the detailed distributed cooperative predictive control scheme for the multi‐agent system (MAS) affected by the network delays. Firstly, we restate the distributed cooperative predictive control problem by introducing iterative learning‐based MAS, which can guarantee the cooperative predictive control of the MAS. To alleviate the unfavorable network constrains, the multi‐event‐triggered conditions are formulated via considering the predictive and error data sufficiently. With these preparations, the well‐posed Roesser‐type two‐dimensional (2D) system is achieved equivalently to the distributed iterative learning predictive system. On this basis, we employ 2D predictive system analysis and control theory to realize the predictive control for the equivalent 2D system and then obtain the collaborative predictive control for the MAS under multi‐event‐triggered mechanism. The corresponding stability criteria, controller, and observer gains are provided by the executable matrix constraints and algorithms design. To conclude the paper, the numerical example is proposed to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the provided methods and algorithms.

Autonomous distributed braking and driving force control architecture based on broadcast control for vehicles with in-wheel motors on four wheels

In this paper, we investigate an architecture for autonomous distributed control of braking and driving force on each wheel of a vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors on four wheels. Specifically, in a scenario where the driving force of some wheels is reduced due to low-friction road or motor failure during going straight ahead, the remaining wheels that can generate driving force autonomously control the yaw rate caused by the unbalanced driving force and driving force reduction to maintain the vehicle behavior. To realize autonomous distributed control, we focus on broadcast control from the control theory of multi-agent systems, which deals with the control of systems composed of many elements. We verify by simulation that the proposed architecture performs as desired for the assumed scenario.

Implementasi Sistem Hidrolik Pada Mesin Spandek Produksi di PT Primaland

The purpose of this journal article is to provide research findings regarding the application of automated production control system theory to the construction industry. from expediting work processes. The method used in this research is to observe the production process of a Primalland light steel construction company in real time. Please note, raw materials can be obtained from literature studies, with a focus on their implementation in industrial processes. There are many challenges in the development sector in Indonesia, both in terms of quality and quantity, PT. PrimaLand Light Steel Frame was founded on December 25 2008 in Pandeglang. Based on the research that has been carried out, the data obtained from this research is then analyzed in detail to determine whether there is a significant difference between price changes that affect sales volume and price changes that affect sales volume. Research on sales volume at PT PrimaLand Pandeglang between 2014 - 2016. PrimaLand light steel tries as best as possible to maintain the quality of the roof truss profile produced by using high quality steel coils, or what can be called High Tension, namely with a yield strength range of Mega Pascal 400 Mpa – 500 Mpa and generally standard G550, or reaching 2x the strength from conventional melted steel which is more than 240 Mpa.

Control of a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot via a mixed FTB/H∞\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal H_\\infty $$\\end{document} approach

In this paper, the problem of guidance and motion control of mobile robots is addressed and solved within the novel framework of the mixed finite-time/H∞\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal H_\\infty $$\\end{document} control theory of nonlinear quadratic systems (NLQSs). Starting from a NLQS describing the dynamics of omnidirectional mobile platforms, the main tasks performed for controlling in closed loop the motion of omnidirectional robots can be conveniently formulated as a mixed finite-time/H∞\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal H_\\infty $$\\end{document} control problem. A robust motion controller, which can effectively rejects disturbances deviating the robot platform from a planned path, can be designed after choosing a linear state-feedback structure for the controller. The synthesis problem is solved through some sufficient conditions contemplating both norm-bounded disturbances and sets constraining initial and terminal conditions, together with a finite-time bound on the output transient. Therefore, for all the allowable uncertainties, in presence of nonzero initial conditions and exogenous disturbance inputs which are possible within an unstructured environment, the motion control tasks can be accomplished through optimal H∞\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal H_\\infty $$\\end{document} performance by simultaneously guaranteeing that the NLQS, which governs in closed loop the robot platform, is finite-time bounded. Finally, the applicability and control performance of the design approach have been evaluated through numerical simulations.

Preface

Hosted by Nanjing Tech University, China, the 2023 2nd International Conference on Aerospace and Control Engineering (ICoACE 2023) was held from 15th to 17th December 2023 in Nanjing, China. With ICoACE 2023, the conference series International Conference on Aerospace and Control Engineering (ICoACE) completed its second edition.The general topics of ICoACE 2023 fall into mainly four categories: 1) Aerospace Materials; 2) Aerospace Science and Technology; 3) Control Engineering; 4) Aerospace and Mechanics. Apart from the general topics, ICoACE 2023 attracted a number of papers related to aerospace and control engineering. Topics at the Conference include but are not limited to: Materials Failure Analysis and Prediction Prevention, Spacecraft Thermal Control Technology, Aerospace Computing, Combustion and Energy Conversion, Electric Automation, Drive Motor and Control Technology, etc.All papers were exhaustively reviewed by program committee members and peer-reviewers, who took into account the breadth and depth of the research topics that fall under the scope of ICoACE. The most promising and ICoACE mainstream-relevant contributions were selected from all the submissions for presentation and inclusion in this volume, which presents innovative original ideas or results of general significance supported by clear and rigorous reasoning and compelling new evidence, as well as methods.The Conference included three days of technical parts consisting mainly of keynote speeches, oral presentations, poster presentations and academic discussion. We were delighted and honored to invite Prof. Yan Wang (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China), Prof. Mouquan Shen (Nanjing Tech University, China), and Prof. Wenfeng Hu (Central South University, China) to share their insightful ideas and mind-blowing researches as keynote speakers. Based on the research The Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems with High Comprehensive Performance, Prof. Wenfeng Hu first introduced the event-triggered control strategies for multi-agent systems to reduce the communication burden among agents and talked about the brought challenging issues. Then, he addressed the consensus of homogeneous multi-agent systems and cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with event-triggering communication. Moreover, he presented the developed reset control strategies for multi-agent systems with second-order dynamics. Finally, an outlook on the new topics and trend for the cooperative control of networked control systems theory and techniques were given.We would like to thank all the keynote speakers, authors, program committee members and anonymous reviewers for their efforts in making ICoACE 2023 a Conference of the highest standard. We are also grateful to Journal of Physics: Conference Series, for its help in publishing this Proceedings of the Conference.The Committee of ICoACE 2023List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.

An efficient iterative method for matrix sign function with application in stability analysis of control systems using spectrum splitting

The goal of this study is to construct a novel iterative method to compute the matrix sign function using a different approach. It is discussed that the new method is globally convergent and asymptotically stable. It achieves the sixth order of convergence and only requires five matrix–matrix multiplications. The obtained results are extended to compute the number of eigenvalues of a matrix in a specified region of the complex plane. This is done by performing appropriate sequence of matrix sign computations. An application of this technique has been discussed in stability analysis of linear time‐invariant dynamic systems in control theory. Numerical results have been given to justify the effectual performance and superiority of the proposed method. Matrices of various sizes have been considered for this purpose.

Identifying dominant flow structures in a bubbling gas-particle fluidized bed using the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition

This study applies the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics associated with the flow fields of a bubbling fluidized bed. The results suggest there is no singular dominant frequency linked to the highest energy levels; rather, there is a spectrum of frequencies. These frequencies are consistent with the natural frequency from published correlations. SPOD analysis allows for the capture of quasi-periodicity associated with the flow that arises from the semi-periodic evolution of bubbles in the bed and reveals the presence of multiple co-existing spatio-temporal patterns in the particle volume fraction and velocity fields. The dominant SPOD modes can be used for prediction, control, design, optimization, and reduced-order system representation. The capability of a few dominant modes to yield a low-rank reconstruction of the flow fields is demonstrated. The intermittent behavior of the bed is examined through frequency-time analysis of the gas pressure field.

Bandgap Dynamics in Locally Resonant Metastructures: A General Theory of Internal Resonator Coupling

The dynamics of metastructures, incorporating both conventional and internally coupled resonators, are investigated to enhance vibration suppression capabilities through a novel mathematical framework. A close-form formulation and a transfer function methodology are introduced, integrating control system theory with metastructure analysis, offering new insights into the role of internal coupling. The findings reveal that precise internal coupling, when matched exactly to the stiffness of the resonator, enables the clear formation of secondary bandgaps, significantly influencing the vibration isolation efficacy of the metastructure. Although the study primarily focuses on theoretical and numerical analyses, the implications of adjusting mass distribution on resonators are also explored. This formulation methodology enables the adjustment of bandgap characteristics, underscoring the potential for adaptive control over bandgaps in metastructures. Such capabilities are crucial for tailoring the vibration isolation and energy harvesting functionalities in mechanically resonant systems, especially when applied to demanding heavy-duty applications.

Spacecraft Homography Pose Estimation with Single-Stage Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

Spacecraft pose estimation using computer vision has garnered increasing attention in research areas such as automation system theory, control theory, sensors and instruments, robot technology, and automation software. Confronted with the extreme environment of space, existing spacecraft pose estimation methods are predominantly multi-stage networks with complex operations. In this study, we propose an approach for spacecraft homography pose estimation with a single-stage deep convolutional neural network for the first time. We formulated a homomorphic geometric constraint equation for spacecraft with planar features. Additionally, we employed a single-stage 2D keypoint regression network to obtain homography 2D keypoint coordinates for spacecraft. After decomposition to obtain the rough spacecraft pose based on the homography matrix constructed according to the geometric constraint equation, a loss function based on pixel errors was employed to refine the spacecraft pose. We conducted extensive experiments using widely used spacecraft pose estimation datasets and compared our method with state-of-the-art techniques in the field to demonstrate its effectiveness.

Theoretical Framework and Research Proposal for Energy Utilization, Conservation, Production, and Intelligent Systems in Tropical Island Zero-Carbon Building

This study aims to theoretically explore the technological systems of tropical island zero-carbon building (TIZCB) to scientifically understand the characteristics of these buildings in terms of energy utilization, energy conservation, energy production, and intelligent system mechanisms. The purpose is to address the inefficiencies and resource wastage caused by the traditional segmented approach to building energy consumption management. Thus, it seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding and application of the zero-carbon building (ZCB) technology system. This article focuses on the demands for energy-efficient comfort and innovative industrialization in construction. Through an analysis of the characteristics of TIZCB and an explanation of their concepts, it establishes a theoretical framework for examining the system mechanisms of these buildings. Additionally, it delves into the energy utilization, energy conservation, energy production, and intelligent system from macro, meso, and micro perspectives. This approach results in the development of an implementation strategy for studying the mechanisms of energy usage, conservation, and intelligent production systems in TIZCB. The results show that: (1) this study delves into the theoretical underpinnings of TIZCB, emphasizing their evolution from a foundation of low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption. The primary goal is to achieve zero carbon emissions during building operation, with reliance on renewable energy sources. Design considerations prioritize adaptation to high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, integrating regional culture along with the utilization of new materials and technologies. (2) A comprehensive technical framework for TIZCB is proposed, encompassing energy utilization, conservation, production capacity, and intelligent systems. Drawing from systems theory, control theory, and synergy theory, the research employs a macro–meso–micro analytical framework, offering extensive theoretical support for the practical aspects of design and optimization. (3) The research implementation plan establishes parameterized models, unveiling the intricate relationships with building performance. It provides optimized intelligent system design parameters for economically viable zero-carbon operations. This study contributes theoretical and practical support for the sustainable development of TIZCB and aligns with the dual carbon strategy in China and the clean energy free trade zone construction in Hainan.

Enhancing hydro-epidemiological modelling of nearshore coastal waters with source-receptor connectivity study

Faecal Indicator Organism (FIO) concentrations in nearshore coastal waters may lead to significant public health concerns and economic loss. A three-dimensional numerical source-receptor connectivity study was conducted to improve the modelling of FIO transport and decay processes and identify major FIO sources impacting sensitive receptors (source apportionment). The study site was Swansea Bay, UK and the effects of wind, density, and tracer microbe (surrogate FIO) decay models were investigated by comparing the model simulations to microbial tracer field studies. The relevance of connectivity tests to source apportionment was demonstrated by hindcasting FIO concentration in Swansea Bay with the identified FIO source and the Impulse Response Function (IRF) in Control System theory. This is the first time the IRF approach has been applied for FIO modelling in bathing waters. Results show the importance of density, widely ignored in fully mixed water bodies, and the potential for biphasic decay models to improve prediction accuracy. The microbe-carrying riverine freshwater, having a smaller hydrostatic pressure, could not intrude on the heavier seawater and remained in the nearshore areas. The freshwater and the associated tracer microbes then travelled along the shoreline and reached bathing water sites. This effect cannot be faithfully modelled without the inclusion of the density effect. Biphasic decay models improved the agreement between measured and modelled microbe concentrations. The IRF hindcasted and measured FIO concentrations for Swansea Bay agreed reasonably, demonstrating the importance of connectivity tests in identifying key FIO sources. The findings of this study, namely enhancing hydro-epidemiological modelling and highlighting the effectiveness of connectivity studies in identifying key FIO sources, directly benefit hydraulics and water quality modellers, regulatory authorities, water resource managers and policy.

Evaluasi penganggaran, pengalokasian, penyaluran, penatausahaan, pertanggungjawaban dan pelaporan dana desa pada Desa Pineleng Satu Timur dan Pineleng Dua Indah

The village fund can create development and empower villages toward a fair, prosperous, and prosperous society. This study aims to evaluate the processes of Budgeting, Allocation, Distribution, Administration, Accountability, and Reporting of Village Funds in the villages of Pineleng Satu Timur and Pineleng Dua Indah to determine whether they are adequate or not by examining their compliance with prevailing regulations and the theory of the Government's Internal Control System. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The results show that the processes of Budgeting, Allocation, Distribution, Accountability, and Reporting of Village Funds in Pineleng Satu Timur and Pineleng Dua Indah villages are in accordance with the prevailing regulation, namely PMK Number 201/PMK.07/2022 concerning the Internal Control System. However, the administration process of the village funds in these villages cannot yet be considered compliant with the prevailing regulations. The budgeting to reporting processes of the village funds in both villages can be deemed adequate, considering the presence of elements of the Internal Control System in each stage from budgeting to reporting of the village funds.

Research on Flexible Braking Control of a Crawler Crane during the Free-Fall Hook Process

Due to the large inertia and strong impact accompanying the free-falling hook process of crawler cranes, it is difficult to meet the demand for flexible and smooth braking control under different weight load conditions. Therefore, this paper takes the free-fall hook system as the research object and combines system operation characteristics and control theory to carry out research on flexible braking control of the free-fall hook system. Firstly, a joint simulation platform of MATLAB (version 2018b) and AMESim (version 2019.1) software is built to theoretically analyze the key components of the free-fall hook system (proportional pressure-reducing valve, winch reducer, and wet clutch). Secondly, a mathematical model of the braking process is established, and the pressure control demand is clarified to analyze the reasons for the existence of dead zones and hysteresis loops in the system. Meanwhile, it is found that the dead zones and hysteresis loops existing in the pressure output of the pressure-reducing valve are the main factors of flexibility with load braking. Then, in this paper, a closed-loop control strategy is formulated based on the automatic adaptation of the braking gear in combination with the fuzzy PID pressure. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper is verified with simulation and experimental testing using the pressure hysteresis loop of the free-fall hook process and the load-braking acceleration as the judging criteria. The results show that the system pressure hysteresis loop is reduced by 50%–60% and the maximum braking acceleration is reduced by 24%–30% under the conditions of 6.44 tonnes and 10.44 tonnes, which improves the accuracy of pressure control and achieves flexible and smooth braking with loads for different tonnages of free-fall hooks.

Application of (bio) chemical engineering concepts and tools to model genetic regulatory circuits, and some essential central carbon metabolism pathways in living cells. Part 4. Applications in the design of some Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms (GMOs)

In the first part of this work, the general Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (CBE) concepts and rules are briefly reviewed, together with the rules of the control theory of Nonlinear Systems (NSCT), all in the context of (i) deriving deterministic Modular Structured Kinetic Models (MSDKM) to describe the dynamics of metabolic processes in living cells, and (ii) of Hybrid Structured Modular Dynamic Models (HSMDM) (with continuous variables, linking the cell-nano-scale MSDKM state variables to the macro-scale state variables of the bioreactor dynamic model). Thus, in the HSMDM model, both prediction quality and its validity range are improved. By contrast, the current (classical/default) approach in bioengineering practice for solving design, optimization, and control problems based on the math models of industrial biological reactors is to use unstructured Monod (for cell culture reactor) or simple Michaelis-Menten (if only enzymatic reactions are retained) global kinetic models by ignoring detailed representations of metabolic cellular processes. By contrast, as reviewed, and exemplified in the second part of this work, an accurate and realistic math modelling of the dynamic individual GERMs (gene expression regulatory module), or genetic regulatory circuits (GRC), and cell-scale CCM (central carbon metabolism) key-modules can be done by only using the novel holistic ’Whole-Cell Of Variable-Volume’ (WCVV) modelling framework, under isotonic/homeostatic conditions/constraints introduced and promoted by the author. An example was given in the same Part 2 for the case study of a dynamic model for the oscillating glycolysis coupled with the Tryptophan (TRP) oscillating synthesis in the E. coli cells.