Transport System Research Articles

TRANSPORTE AQUAVIÁRIO: AVALIAÇÃO DE UMA NOVA ALTERNATIVA DE MOBILIDADE INTERURBANA PALMAS-TO/PORTO NACIONAL-TO

Waterway transportation between Palmas and Porto Nacional on the Tocantins River is a promising alternative to foster regional development. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a waterway transportation system connecting these two cities, highlighting benefits such as reduced dependence on road transportation, logistical efficiency, economic development, and tourism potential. The research employed a quantitative approach through questionnaires administered to residents of both cities to capture perceptions of current mobility and acceptance of the new mode. Results indicate a strong public acceptance of waterway transportation (78.4%) and a perception that the accessibility, mobility, and infrastructure of the current road transport system are limited, underscoring the positive potential impact of implementing a waterway system.

Specific road safety issues in LMICs: an overview and some illustrative examples

This paper gives an overview of the work of PIARC Working Group 3.1.1 ‘Specific road safety issues for LMICs’. The working group performed its activities in the period 2019–2023. We prepared two deliverables: (a) a literature review, and (b) an overview of illustrative examples. The review started from the notion that the road safety problem requires a multi-disciplinary approach. The safe system approach is generally considered as the central concept for this purpose and this starting point is also taken in this study. However new directions are needed to make the safe system concept work in LMICs. The period of the first UN Decade of Action for Road Safety has brought us a series of valuable problem analysis and overview articles prepared by a variety of institutions and institutes. As a PIARC working group we did not repeat this effort, but used it as a starting point to indicate which specific issues do require a boost in LMICs for the coming period up to 2030. We concluded that the following 12 issues deserve special attention. Strategical: (i) Sustainable Development Goals integral approach, (ii) safety culture, (iii) road safety management and leadership, (iv) building road safety expertise and science; Tactical: (v) transportation system as a whole, (vi) city design, architecture, land use, rural planning, (vii) cost effectiveness, (viii) legislation and enforcement; Operational: (ix) speed, (x) sustainable safe roads, (xi) vehicles as a safe system component, (xii) post-crash health care. As a result of our discussions and analyses we also concluded that it is worthwhile and necessary to make a distinction between the issues in terms of levels of approach. Making roads and vehicles safe may be considered as operational safety measures on a component level, whereas city design and transport system issues do represent a more tactical approach. On top of that, organisational and cultural aspects do have a more strategical nature. As in many managerial and planning tasks the distinction between strategical, tactical and operational levels of approach is needed in the road safety field. It illustrates that the Safe System concept asks for a multi-level vision, thus preventing a silo approach with a limited focus on human behaviour, safe roads or vehicle safety. A further analysis for each of the selected issues resulted in priority areas, i.e. topics that deserve special attention in the LMIC context. In a similar line of reasoning we also described illustrative examples, i.e. LMIC related before-after studies that show the perspective of certain measures on an evidence basis. Although we found some illustrative cases for each of these issues, our search for evidence based cases confirmed the findings from recent overview articles indicating the lack of LMIC related road safety research. A more widespread implementation of effective road safety measures in LMICs would require a stronger national commitment and leadership from the road safety agencies point of view in the first place. Moreover an evidence based policy asks for a strong national and regional knowledge infrastructure. Ultimately road safety policies and road safety research programs are to be considered as inseparable. A strong local knowledge infrastructure may thus become the basis for an effective national road safety policy.

Evaluating the Dynamic Comprehensive Resilience of Urban Road Network: A Case Study of Rainstorm in Xi’an, China

Rainstorms and flooding are among the most common natural disasters, which have a number of impacts on the transport system. This reality highlights the importance of understanding resilience—the ability of a system to resist disruptions and quickly recover to operational status after damage. However, current resilience assessments often overlook transport network functions and lack dynamic spatiotemporal analysis, posing challenges for comprehensive disaster impact evaluations. This study proposes an SR-PR-FR comprehensive resilience evaluation model from three dimensions: structure resilience (SR), performance resilience (PR), and function resilience (FR). Moreover, a simulation model based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) is developed to analyze the dynamic spatial–temporal effects of a rainstorm on traffic during Xi’an’s evening rush hour. The results reveal that the southwest part of Xi’an is most prone to being congested and slower to recover, while downtown flooding is the deepest, severely affecting emergency services’ efficiency. In addition, the road network resilience returns to 70% of the normal values only before the morning rush the next day. These research results are presented across both temporal and spatial dimensions, which can help managers propose more targeted recommendations for strengthening urban risk management.

These aren’t the droids you’re looking for: artificial intelligence and safety in future transport systems

These aren’t the droids you’re looking for: artificial intelligence and safety in future transport systems

Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Transportation: A Comprehensive Review of Electrical Models and Parameter Dependencies

The power and transportation sectors contribute to more than 66% of global carbon emissions. Decarbonizing these sectors is critical for achieving a zero-carbon economy by mid-century and mitigating the most severe impacts of climate change. Battery packs, which enable energy storage in electric vehicles, are a key component of electrified transport systems. The production of these batteries has significantly increased in recent years to meet rising demand, and this trend is expected to continue. However, current traction batteries exhibit lower energy density compared to fossil fuels. As a result, accurate battery models that balance computational complexity and precision are essential for designing high-performance energy storage systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the most used electrical models for lithium-ion batteries in traction applications, as reported in the technical literature. By exploring the strengths and limitations of different modeling approaches, this paper aims to offer valuable insights into their practical applicability for the electrification of transportation systems. Additionally, this paper discusses the primary methods employed to derive the values of the electrical components within these models. Finally, it examines the key parameters—such as temperature, state of charge, and aging—that significantly influence the component values. Ultimately, it guides researchers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable modeling approach for their specific needs.

Real-Time Tracking System for City Bus Location And Passenger Count

This survey paper reviews the advancements in real-time tracking and passenger counting systems for city buses, emphasizing the growing need for efficient, data-driven public transit solutions. As urban populations rise, city transport systems face challenges in managing demand, reducing congestion, and improving service reliability. Real-time tracking systems using GPS, GIS, and IoT-enabled sensors enable passengers and transit authorities to monitor bus locations and optimize travel times. Additionally, passenger counting systems—utilizing infrared, AI-based vision models, and pressure sensors—provide data on bus occupancy levels, allowing commuters to make informed travel decisions and helping transit agencies manage resources efficiently. This paper examines existing technologies, compares various tracking and counting methods based on accuracy, cost, and scalability, and explores recent trends in artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and smart city integration. Furthermore, it identifies critical challenges, including data privacy, accuracy in urban environments, and energy consumption, proposing future research directions for enhancing the reliability, sustainability, and user-friendliness of these systems. Our findings underscore the transformative potential of real-time bus tracking and passenger counting in advancing public transportation infrastructure and enhancing urban mobility

Intelligent multi-robot collaborative transport system

The research on multi-robot systems has been divided into various fields, such as communication, navigation, task allocation, and collaborative transport. While significant progress has been made in each area, there has been limited research integrating these fields to build a fully autonomous multi-robot collaborative transport system. Therefore, we identify the key issues and propose a multi-robot collaborative transport system founded on ROS1 and conduct validation in a simulated environment, laying a solid foundation for the system to run on real robots. The primary contributions of this study include three key areas: (1) modeling and validating robot collaborative transport, (2) developing a visual task allocation system leveraging FastDDS service, and (3) resolving path collision issues in multi-robot navigation through both traditional methods and reinforcement learning techniques. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed intelligent multi-robot collaborative transport system can autonomously navigate to target points for collaborative transport task. Performance assessments, based on the error between the target point and the object’s arrival point as well as the transport trajectory error, reveal that the system effectively completes the assigned tasks.

New Study Mapping Hydrogen Pipelines Between Poland And Ukraine

Abstract This study focuses on developing the appropriate infrastructure between Poland and Ukraine to enable the import and export of hydrogen, ensuring EU consumers have access to sufficient quantities. Such infrastructure is crucial in achieving climate neutrality goals, as it will serve as a key transit area for hydrogen, thereby contributing to sustainable energy development in Europe. To address this, the article reviews existing solutions for hydrogen transportation via pipelines and proposes mapping the hydrogen transportation system between Poland and Ukraine. Specifically, it examines the possibility of constructing a hydrogen pipeline from Ukraine to Poland, with potential connections to the designated hydrogen supply corridors of the European Hydrogen Backbone (EHB) infrastructure. Through the use of Python-created maps and algorithms, the study demonstrates how a hydrogen supply corridor can be established between Poland and Ukraine and effectively integrated with the broader EU hydrogen supply corridors. Furthermore, the article discusses the complex challenges involved in building hydrogen pipelines, particularly the unification of design standards between EU and non-EU countries. Equally critical is the management of hydrogen export and import, given that no platform currently exists between Poland and Ukraine for this purpose. The integration of hydrogen pipeline transport systems is thus highlighted as a matter of international importance, providing a platform for cooperation between the two countries and facilitating the creation of a hydrogen corridor linked to the EU infrastructure. An original contribution of this study is the presentation of a map illustrating the potential corridor connecting the hydrogen pipeline systems between countries, along with the development of algorithms using Python, which open up possibilities for future expansion of the map.

Investigation of container strength when fixed in an open wagon equipped with pneumatic bags

Ensuring the efficiency of railway transport in international traffic needs the development of combined transport systems. Container transportation is the most relevant among them. Containers are usually transported by rail on platform wagons. Along with this, the lack of platform wagons in operation makes it necessary to use other types of wagons for container transportation, such as open wagons. The fastening of containers in open wagons is carried out using pneumatic bags. To study the effectiveness of applying such a fastening scheme, the load of the container during transportation in an open wagon was determined. The conducted research will contribute to creating recommendations for improving rail transport operations' efficiency.

Seamless multimodality for passenger transportation in the Russian Federation

The paper considers the formation of a seamless multimodal passenger transportation in order to develop transport infrastructure not only at the regional but also at the federal level. The positive aspects and disadvantages of a multimodal transport system are considered. The paper presents a review of the scientific literature on the above issues. The research methodology is based on proven approaches. Founded on the analysis of the tourist flow, it is proposed to build a system of seamless multimodal transportation in the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF). The relevance is due to the need to develop regional transport systems as well as consideration of this topic in the scientific literature, regulatory documents of the industry. Based on the Strategic direction in the field of digital transformation of the transport industry of the RF until 2030, the principles of multimodality are proposed to create a seamless system of multimodal passenger transportation. The development has been conducted for the transport system of the Altai Territory. Based on the data on tourist flows of the Federal State Statistics Service, the calculated route Moscow – Barnaul – Gorno-Altaysk is formed. The introduction of a digital platform for convenient search and booking of transportation is considered, the key points of working with requests are highlighted. The movement of financial and information flows and the algorithm of actions of the system participants are determined.

Research on autonomous driving technology in intelligent transportation systems

Abstract. The convergence of scientific and technological advancement with the acceleration of urbanization has resulted in a notable intensification of the issue of traffic congestion. In this context, the development of autonomous driving technology has emerged as a pivotal area of focus for future transportation systems. Therefore, this paper presents a review of the current status of automatic driving technology in intelligent transportation systems, based on methods such as literature, data analysis and case studies. Furthermore, it delves into the evolution, applications, challenges and solutions of automated driving technologies in intelligent transport systems, and presents forward-thinking insights into the future development of intelligent transportation. As autonomous driving technology continues to evolve, the integration of deep reinforcement learning and other advanced technologies will facilitate the advancement of intelligent vehicle human-machine collaborative decision-making technology. It is imperative that the construction technology of safety-critical scenarios be reinforced in order to enhance the interpretability of algorithmic models and the real-time nature of scenario generation. All parties need to collaborate to promote the innovation and improvement of autonomous driving technology, achieve widespread application and sustainable development, and create a better travelling environment.

A study of short-term passenger flow forecasting for public transportation based on the time series method

Abstract. In order to solve the conflicts between the supply and demand of urban transport, improve the living standard of urban residents, raise the level of urbanization, and promote the sustainable socio-economic development of the whole city, it is necessary to increase the pace of urban transport construction, planning and management in China. And at the same time, its necessary to take various measures to regulate the structure of urban transport and guide urban transport to develop in the direction of taking public transport as the mainstay. The experience of the development of urban transportation in China and abroad also proves that prioritizing the development of public transportation is the fundamental way to solve the problem of urban transportation. Public transport passenger flow data is the basis for optimizing public transport operations and scheduling. Accurate passenger flow forecasts on public transport routes can effectively guide public transport operation decisions, formulate operation scheduling plans and effectively improve the operational efficiency of the public transport system. The following are some of the key factors that can be taken into consideration when making passenger flow forecasts. The main contribution of this article is to propose the use of data mining technology, use bus IC card data and bus GPS data to integrate and organize them, conduct correlation analysis on the data, and on this basis, obtain the main distribution characteristics of bus passenger flow, and provide short-term Passenger flow forecast provides relevant ideas.

Reverse-Bent Modular Coil Structure with Enhanced Output Stability in DWPT for Arbitrary Linear Transport Systems

Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) systems with segmented transmitters suffer from output pulsations during the moving process. Although numerous coil structures have been developed to mitigate this fluctuation, the parameter design process is complicated and restricted by specific working conditions (e.g., air gaps). To solve these problems, a novel reverse-bent modular transmitter structure is proposed for DWPT in industrial automatic application scenarios such as linear transport systems. Considering the heterogeneous current density distribution in the adjacent region between two coils which causes a drop in magnetic field, the proposed coil structure attempts to eliminate the effects of the adjacent region by bending the terminal parts of each coil reversely to the ferrite layer for shielding. Compared to traditional planar couplers, this structure array can generate a uniform magnetic field over various air gaps. A 100 W laboratory prototype was built to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieved a constant output voltage, and the output pulsation was within ±2.3% in the dynamic powering process. The average efficiency was about 88.29%, with a 200 mm transfer distance. When the air gap varied from 20 mm to 30 mm, the system could still retain constant voltage output characteristics.

Non-parametric efficiency analysis of urban transport systems

ABSTRACT To promote territorial mobility and reduce environmental impacts at the same time, transport policy often targets (energy-)efficiency of urban transport systems. Thus far though, related studies are focused on particular transport modes or operators. Given, the multi-modal character of urban mobility, the present study suggests broadening the perspective and accounting for public and private transport. Based on a two-stage non-parametric technique, the efficiency of 49 German municipalities alongside transport systems’ inefficiency determinants is assessed. In line with previous studies, we find highly populated municipalities to operate more efficiently than smaller ones. Second, efficiency is driven by modal split and individual mobility patterns, with a positive correlation between territorial mobility and trips made by bike or public transport. Finally, the results suggest that negative impacts of trip density (e.g. congestion) might counter the positive influence of higher compactness on efficiency, once a certain threshold of urbanization is reached.

Air Transport Organization: Competitiveness, Globalization, and Innovation

Introduction. Effective organization of air transportation is the basis of strengthening the positions of airlines in the international air transport system in the conditions of deepening globalization processes of aviation activity.Problem Statement. It is a priority direction for the development of aviation activities within the framework of the concept of the state's transport policy, which ensures the safety of passengers and the transparency of territorial and industrial relations in the conditions of constant changes in the economic environment of the national economy.Purpose. Research of the current state of aviation activity, ensuring the effective organization of air transportation in the transport system and interrelated branches of the national economy.Materials and Мethods. A dialectical-materialist approach, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, formalization and analogy have been employed. Statistical documents of international organizations, private and state institutions, publications of research by domestic and foreign researchers have been used as reference material.Results. Five elements of the organization of air transportation at the global level are highlighted: the largest specific weight of passenger transportation in the structure of aviation activity; the aviation industry is promising, which is gradually expanding the boundaries of its niche in the world transport market; the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the aviation industry, changing the centers of economic gravity; active activity of global aviation organizations and associations, which covers most countries of the world; development of a regulatory and legal framework of a global level and global standardization of aviation activities. The challenges of the aviation industry, which arise at the global level, have been characterized.Conclusions. The key prospects for the development of the global aviation industry based on innovative activities are: the latest types of aviation fuel aimed at environmental safety; targeting new layers of potential customers; growth of jobs in the aviation industry; compliance with the accuracy of the departure/arrival schedule; smart service and flight safety.

Teaching mobility, teaching gender in the ladies’ compartments of Mumbai local trains

The local trains of Mumbai, known for their excessive crowding and cramped conditions, are a popular public transport system due to the vast spread of the network and cheap pricing. These trains are also used extensively by women due to the provision of exclusive segregated ladies’ compartments. However, women still need to negotiate with crowds, and push and jostle as they struggle to board and deboard trains. Through an ethnographic study of women’s experiences of travelling by trains, I examine how women learn to be mobile and teach others, such as their children, to navigate the local train system. Analysing women’s narratives of how they learnt to use trains, I find that teaching mobility and teaching gender go hand-in-hand, as women simultaneously internalise codes of appropriate femininity to protect themselves from physical and sexual harm, but also subvert mainstream femininities, as they embark on their everyday train journeys.

Cefiderocol in Combating Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Action and Resistance

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has emerged as a prominent multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen, significantly complicating treatment strategies due to its formidable resistance mechanisms, particularly against carbapenems. Reduced membrane permeability, active antibiotic efflux, and enzymatic hydrolysis via different β-lactamases are the main resistance mechanisms displayed by A. baumannii, and they are all effective against successful treatment approaches. This means that alternate treatment approaches, such as combination therapy that incorporates beta-lactams, β-lactamase inhibitors, and novel antibiotics like cefiderocol, must be investigated immediately. Cefiderocol, a new catechol-substituted siderophore cephalosporin, improves antibacterial activity by allowing for better bacterial membrane penetration. Due to its unique structure, cefiderocol can more efficiently target and destroy resistant bacteria by using iron transport systems. Through its inhibition of peptidoglycan formation through binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), cefiderocol avoids conventional resistance pathways and induces bacterial cell lysis. The possibility of resistance development due to β-lactamase synthesis and mutations in PBPs, however, emphasizes the need for continued investigation into cefiderocol’s efficacy in combination treatment regimes. Cefiderocol’s siderophore mimic mechanism is especially important in iron-limited conditions because it can use ferric-siderophore transporters to enter cells. Additionally, its passive diffusion through bacterial porins increases its intracellular concentrations, making it a good option for treating carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, especially in cases of severe infections and ventilator-associated diseases (IVACs). Cefiderocol may reduce MDR infection morbidity and mortality when combined with customized antimicrobial treatments, but further investigation is needed to improve patient outcomes and address A. baumannii resistance issues.

Nanoarchitecture via Synchronic Stacking of Metallic and Nonmetallic Two-Dimensional Nanosheets for Optimal Light-Driven Ion Transport.

The exceptional selectivity and responsive ion transport in biological channels inspire technology breakthrough in energy, environmental, and resource sectors. However, existing nanofluidic systems with a high photothermal conversion efficiency often exhibit excessive thermal conductivity, which impedes the creation of effective temperature gradients and results in a low ion transport efficiency. In this study, a strategy based on the synchronic stacking of metallic and nonmetallic two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets was presented to construct heterogeneous nanofluidic channels. This specific nanoconfined architecture sustained high temperatures in the illuminated area while maintaining low temperatures in the nonilluminated area, thus obtaining a robust driving force from sunlight for directional ion transport. As a result, our light-responsive ion transport system demonstrated significant potential in solar energy conversion and osmotic energy harvesting, surpassing those of all previously reported nanofluidic systems. Additionally, although it is still at the proof-of-concept stage, it shows great promise in light signal monitoring. This work provides an effective strategy for developing advanced light-responsive ion transport systems and their important applications.

The endosomal-vacuolar transport system acts as a docking platform for the Pmk1 MAP kinase signaling pathway in Magnaporthe oryzae.

In Magnaporthe oryzae, the Pmk1 MAP kinase signaling pathway regulates appressorium formation, plant penetration, effector secretion, and invasive growth. While the Mst11-Mst7-Pmk1 cascade was characterized two decades ago, knowledge of its signaling in the intracellular network remains limited. In this study, we demonstrate that the endosomal surface scaffolds Pmk1 MAPK signaling and Msb2 activates Ras2 on endosomes in M. oryzae. Protein colocalization demonstrated that Msb2, Ras2, Cap1, Mst50, Mst11, Mst7, and Pmk1 attach to late endosomal membranes. Damage to the endosome-vacuole transport system influences Pmk1 phosphorylation. When Msb2 senses a plant signal, it internalizes and activates Ras2 on endosome membrane surfaces, transmitting the signal to Pmk1 via Mst11 and Mst7. Signal-sensing and delivery proteins are ubiquitinated and sorted for degradation in late endosomes and vacuoles, terminating signaling. Plant penetration and lowered intracellular turgor are required for the transition from late endosomes to vacuoles in appressoria. Our findings uncover an effective mechanism that scaffolds and controls Pmk1 MAPK signaling through endosomal-vacuolar transport, offering new knowledge for the cytological and molecular mechanisms by which the Pmk1 MAPK pathway modulates development and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.

Nanomaterial-enabled drug transport systems: a comprehensive exploration of current developments and future avenues in therapeutic delivery.

Over the years, nanotechnology has gained popularity as a viable solution to address gene and drug delivery challenges over conventional methods. Extensive research has been conducted on nanosystems that consist of organic/inorganic materials, drugs, and its biocompatibility become the primary goal of improving drug delivery. Various surface modification methods help focus targeted and controlled drug release, further enabling multidrug delivery also. This newer technology ensures the stability of drugs that can unravel the mechanisms involved in cellular processes of disease development and its management. Tailored medication delivery provides benefits such as therapy, controlled release, and reduced adverse effects, which are especially important for controlling illnesses like cancer. However, multifunctional nanocarriers that possess high viscoelasticity, extended circulation half-life, biocompatibility, and biodegradability face some challenges and limitations too in human bodies. To produce a consistent therapeutic platform based on complex three-dimensional nanoparticles, careful design and engineering, thorough orthogonal analysis methods, and reproducible scale-up and manufacturing processes will be required in the future. Safety and effectiveness of nano-based drug delivery should be thoroughly investigated in preclinical and clinical trials, especially when considering biodistribution, targeting specific areas, and potential immunological toxicities. Overall, the current review article explores the advancements in nanotechnology, specific to nanomaterial-enabled drug delivery systems, carrier fabrication techniques and modifications, disease management, clinical research, applications, limitations, and future challenges. The work portrays how nanomedicine distribution affects healthcare with an emphasis on the developments in drug delivery techniques.