Removal System Research Articles

REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES USING A MODULAR ROBOTIC ARM

A removal system for Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) equipped with a modular robotic arm designed for hazardous and unstructured environments is presented. The system is based on commercially available solution that enables the manipulation of objects and removal of obstacles in complex terrains, such as disaster zones, battlefields, and industrial sites. The operational environment, teleoperation capabilities, and associated challenges are thoroughly addressed. Recent developments in All Terrain Vehicle-based unmanned platforms are discussed, demonstrating their suitability for rapid and versatile implementation in special-purpose missions. A model of an unmanned platform with an integrated robotic arm is proposed to enhance the existing range of medium-sized UGVs. The system configuration tailored for special-purpose missions is outlined, and kinematic parameters, along with stress tests, are provided to confirm its high adaptability to a diverse range of operational scenarios.

Development of engineered Zn-MOF/g-C3N4 based photoelectrochemical system for real-time sensors and removal of naproxen in wastewater

Naproxen-contaminated water may lead to the accumulation of the drug in aquatic organisms and can pose high risks to an aquatic environment and human beings. Therefore, this work aimed to develop photoelectrochemical sensing and degradation of naproxen (NPX) using zinc-metal organic framework /graphitic carbon nitride thin film-based fluorine-doped tin oxide (Zn-MOF/g-C3N4/FTO) as anode material for the sensing and degradation of naproxen (NPX). The surface morphology, structure, surface property, surface area, optical property, photocurrent, and charge transfer kinetics abilities were studied using different techniques. The nanocomposites showed a superior photocurrent response (0.815 mA cm-2) compared to the original g-C3N4 (0.328 mA cm-2). The photo-anode made of Zn-MOF@g-C3N4/FTO displayed the highest photocurrent value, indicating that the alignment of the two semiconductor bands prevented the quick recombination of electron-hole pairs. Owing to these attractive features, the Zn-MOF/g-C3N4/FTO electrode was applied for photoelectrochemical detection of NPX using chronoamperometry. Interestingly, the nanocomposites-based FTO ascribed a lower detection limit (2.3 ng l-1) with a wide linear range concentration of NPX (0.5 to 200 µg l-1). Additionally, the analytical assessment of repeatability and reproducibility demonstrated robust performance, with commendable relative standard deviations (RSD%) of 2.54 % and 2.40 %, respectively. On the other hand, a remarkable degradation efficiency of 97.52 % was attained when employing a bias potential of 0.1 V during a 2 h photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of NPX. The degradation process was primarily driven by the active participation of holes and hydroxyl radicals in ring opening and subsequent cleavage of by-products. The notable effectiveness of this degradation can be attributed to the combined and synergistic effects of both electrochemical and photocatalytic degradation techniques. The current state demonstrates its effectiveness in the photoelectrochemical sensing and removal of NPX using MOF/g-C3N4 nanocomposites-based electrode materials in wastewater.

Evaluating the Role of the Hysteroscopic Cold Resection System in Combination with Electric Resection System for the Surgical Removal of Type 3 Uterine Fibroids: A Retrospective Case Study

Evaluating the Role of the Hysteroscopic Cold Resection System in Combination with Electric Resection System for the Surgical Removal of Type 3 Uterine Fibroids: A Retrospective Case Study

Understanding water, sanitation, and hygiene situation through participatory appraisal in urban slum of Dhaka City

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is an imperative issue for infection prevention, and disease control. To understand the existing resources, and WASH situation, a participatory appraisal was conducted at Bauniabadh slum, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February-March 2022, and June-July 2023. <i>Social mapping</i>, <i>transect walk</i>, and <i>informal discussion </i>were conducted to identify available resources in the community for maintaining WASH, and also understand the challenges related to these; explore the surrounding cleanliness, waste disposal, and drainage system. Most of the households (HHs) fetched water from the nearest supply stations. Few families did not treat drinking water for purification; the gas flow was not sufficient to boil drinking water most of the time. A number of HHs did not clean their water reservoirs regularly, resulting in odor in supplied water. Regular garbage removal system was absent. WASH being a communal issue in slum setting, community engagement for WASH management is strongly recommended.

A solar thermoelectric system by temperature difference for efficient removal of chromium (VI) in water and soil

In this work, we designed and developed a facile solar thermoelectric generator (STEG)-based system and a new electrokinetic remediation (EKR) system, which consists of main electrodes and unenergized auxiliary electrodes. The prepared nanocomposite was investigated for the effectiveness of the STEG+PANI-CNT/GF system in remediating Cr-contaminated. Photothermal performance test were applied in order to examine this STEG could export a power density of 365.56mW/dm2 and output potential of 801mV at the temperature difference of 50 ℃. Thus the STEG could be used as the power to construct a Cr(VI) removal system using polyaniline (PANI) film/carbon nanotubes (CNT) modified graphite felt (GF) electrode (PANI-CNT/GF) as cathode and graphite rod as anode. The as-prepared STEG+PANI-CNT/GF system exhibited a significant Cr(VI) removal efficiency (96.2% in water) through electromigration, electro-adsorption and electroreduction. Moreover, a multi auxiliary electrodes (AEs) system (STEG+PANI-CNT/GF+AEs) with six PANI-CNT/GF auxiliary electrodes was constructed in remediating Cr(VI)-contaminated soil, showing Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 16.7-60.1% higher than that of STEG+PANI-CNT/GF. The PANI-CNT/GF auxiliary electrodes could bind Cr(VI) and adjust electric field distribution, contributing to adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). Consequently, this work provides a promoting approach for heavy metals removal in future application.

Integration of Cu2O-NiTiO3 as an efficient p-n heterojunction visible light photocatalytic system for the simultaneous removal of Cr (VI) and Alizarine Cyanine Green dye

Integration of Cu2O-NiTiO3 as an efficient p-n heterojunction visible light photocatalytic system for the simultaneous removal of Cr (VI) and Alizarine Cyanine Green dye

Filtro empacado con residuos de lodos de Al para la eliminación de fósforo como sistema de pulimento en una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales

Recently, using residual aluminum sludge (Al-sludge) from drinking water treatment plants for phosphorus removal has been assessed and it has shown to be highly efficient. However, most of the studies have been conducted using synthetic water. Only a few works have applied this method to real wastewater (WW), and none of them have been tested in continuous mode, as a polishing step, in a pilot-scale, decentralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of an immersed filter packed with a bed of residual Al-sludge as a polishing system for Phosphorous removal, in a pilot-scale, decentralized WWTP. The study determined at laboratory-scale the capacity for phosphorus removal through batch and continuous tests using both synthetic and real wastewater and evaluated the effect of retention time. Based on the results, an Al-sludge immersed filter (Al-sludge Filter) at pilot-scale was constructed, implemented, and evaluated as a polishing step for the effluent of a decentralized-WWTP. The results showed that during continuous testing with real WW, the phosphorus removal capacity was 2.55 mg P-PO43-∙g-1 per gram of Al sludge using a retention time of 120 min. The Al-sludge filter as a polishing system presented an average removal efficiency of 94 ± 8 % and an effluent concentration of under 0.50 mg P-PO43-∙l-1 during the first 20 operational days. For the next 17 days, the system removed 85 ± 9 % on average, showing an effluent concentration of under 1.0 mg P-PO43-∙l-1. From operational day 32 onwards, the removal efficiency was 63.6 ± 10.7 %, with an average effluent concentration of 2.20 ± 0.39 mg P-PO43-∙l-1.

Insights into the efficiencies of different biological treatment systems for pharmaceuticals removal: A review.

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of current research on biological treatment processes for removing pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) from wastewater. Unlike previous studies on this topic, our study specifically delves into the effectiveness and drawbacks of various treatment approaches such as traditional wastewater treatment facilities (WWTP), membrane bioreactors (MBRs), constructed wetlands (CW), and moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR). Through the examination and synthesis of information gathered from more than 200 research studies, we have created a comprehensive database that delves into the effectiveness of eliminating 19 particular PhCs, including commonly studied compounds such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, ketoprofen, indomethacin, salicylic acid, codeine, and fenoprofen, amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, atenolol, propranolol, and metoprolol. This resource provides a depth and scope of information that was previously lacking in this area of study. Notably, among these pharmaceuticals, azithromycin demonstrated the highest removal rates across all examined treatment systems, with the exception of WWTPs, while carbamazepine consistently exhibited the lowest removal efficiencies across various systems. The analysis showcases the diverse results in removal efficiency impacted by factors such as system configuration, operation specifics, and environmental circumstances. The findings emphasize the critical need for continued innovation and research, specifically recommending the integration of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with existing biological treatment methods to improve the breakdown of recalcitrant compounds like carbamazepine. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Persistent pharmaceuticals harm aquatic ecosystems and human health. Biological systems show varying pharmaceutical removal efficiencies. Enhancing HRT and SRT improves removal but adds complexity and costs. Tailored treatment approaches needed based on contaminants and conditions.

Design of a 10 MW/m2-heat-flux removal system for a W7-X divertor tile using triply periodic minimal surfaces

Design of a 10 MW/m2-heat-flux removal system for a W7-X divertor tile using triply periodic minimal surfaces

WS2-Assisted Electrochemical Activation of Peroxymonosulfate for Eliminating Organic Pollutant in Water

Advanced oxidation process based on heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has received significant attention in wastewater remediation. Herein, a facile and effective electrochemical method was introduced in a tungsten sulfide (WS2)-activated PMS process for the removal of a typical azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solution. It was found that the electrochemical activation could remarkably promote the removal of organic pollutants by coupling with WS2/PMS system. The elimination of AO7 in the electro-assisted WS2-activated PMS (E/WS2/PMS) system achieved 95.8% of AO7 removal in 30 min, with the optimal conditions of 1.0 g/L WS2, 1.0 mM PMS, current density of 1.0 mA/cm2 and initial pH of 6.5. Based on quenching experiments and EPR techniques, mechanistic studies confirmed that hydroxyl radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are the primary reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of pollutants. In addition, the influences of pH, WS2 dosage, PMS concentration, current density, common anions and humic acid on the AO7 removal are also investigated in detail. Furthermore, the system exhibited resistance to aqueous matrices, verifying the accepted applicability in real water (i.e., Yangtze River water and Shahu Lake water). In summary, this study demonstrates a green system for the effective removal of contaminants in water, holding significant implications for practical application.

Fe oxide modification of yerba mate waste-derived biochar and activated biochar via three methodologies: Effects of material surface properties on the Fe oxides grown and implications for paracetamol and atenolol sorption

This work presents, for the first time, the development of magnetic composites using activated biochar (BC-Act) derived from yerba mate waste. It includes an analysis of the effect of the activation process on the formation of iron oxides using the most applied methodologies, an aspect that has not been studied before. Three methodologies have been considered for Fe oxides grown: coprecipitation (COP), impregnation-pyrolysis (IP), and alkaline oxidation in the presence of nitrates (AOPN). The materials with magnetic response and good enough BET area have been used to sorb Paracetamol (PCT) and Atenolol (ATE) from aqueous solutions. The activation process has resulted in the formation of mesopores, an increase of surface area due to the destruction/release of impurities, the transformation of whewellite to calcite, and changes in magnetic behavior. These changes seem to affect the formation of Fe oxides. The COP and IP methods allow the development of magnetic composites based on BC-Act, BC-Act-COP and BC-Act-IP, with saturation magnetization of 3.1 Am2/kg and 1.5 Am2/kg, respectively, attributed to magnetite/maghemite formation and a minimal distance for manipulation by a magnetic field of 12.1 mm and 7.9 mm, respectively. These distances must be considered when developing efficient removal systems using magnetic composites. PCT was sorbed faster and more efficiently than ATE, associated with its smaller molecular size. This presents a valuable contribution to environmental sustainability and advancements in water purification, highlighting the dual advantage of converting the widely available waste product, predominantly found in South America, into an effective sorbent with magnetic characteristics, capable of removing pharmaceutical contaminants from aqueous solutions. This is done in the circular economy, avoiding the final deposition of yerba mate waste in landfills, increasing their lifespan, and safeguarding other natural and non-renewable resources, such as clays, whose preservation rather than exploitation improves environmental quality and saves energy.

Large Adsorption Capacity for Space Molecular Pollutants Realized by a Metal-Organic Framework.

The rapid development of capable spacecraft coatings for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) demands materials with a large adsorption capacity to ensure a long-duration exploration mission in a low Earth orbit (LEO). MIL-53(Al) with abundant sites exhibits resistance to the space environment in the LEO and shows great potential for VOC removal. This study combined an adsorption experiment and first-principles simulations to investigate the adsorption performance of MIL-53(Al). MIL-53(Al) demonstrated an excellent adsorption capacity for various VOCs, reaching 606.04 mg/g for m-xylene and 22.69 cm3/g for methane, which is 6 times higher than traditional adsorption methods. First-principles simulations revealed that the adsorption capacity is significantly influenced by micropores through the pore effect and breath effect, which restrict diffusion and enhance adsorption, respectively. Additionally, we predicted the adsorption properties of VOCs that are difficult to characterize through ground-based simulated experiments, further validating the potential application of MIL-53(Al) for VOC removal in the LEO. This work expands the application range of MIL-53(Al), optimizes VOC removal strategies, and offers a novel approach to protecting spacecraft in the LEO. Our findings contribute to the development of advanced materials for space exploration and provide valuable insights into the design of efficient VOC removal systems for spacecraft in the LEO.

მიწისქვეშა ავტოსადგომების კვამლისაგან დაცვა ხანძრის დროს

The work examines current issues of fire, sanitary, hygienic and environmental safety of ventilation of underground parking lots. It has been established that, according to European standards, smoke removal systems with jet fans act much more efficiently than air ducts, quickly displacing smoke and exhaust gases towards the air intake grilles, from where and they come out. The design and parameters of the ventilation system are selected based on its ability to quickly and safely ensure the evacuation of people through smoke-free exits, as well as provide air parameters in the parking lot that meet the requirements of the design and installation of a ventilation unit in accordance with industry regulations of Georgia.

Innovative Approaches in Dedusting Systems for Industrial Pollution Control: Design and Efficiency Evaluation

This article investigates the application of dust removal systems for the control of suspended particles in industrial environments, focusing on advanced exhaust and filtration technologies. The research reviews sizing methodologies used in grain processing and metallurgy industries, addressing the challenges of mitigating health and safety risks in the workplace. Different technological solutions, such as bag filter systems and electrostatic precipitators, are analyzed with an emphasis on operational efficiency and compliance with international environmental standards.

A novel system for removing examinee’s exhaled air using an open, lightweight non-sealing facemask-a proof-of-concept study

Patients with respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19, antimicrobial resistant bacteria) discharge pathogens to the environment, exposing healthcare workers and inpatients to deleterious complications. This study tested the performance of SPEAR-P1 (synchronized personal exhaled air removal system - prototype 1), which actively detects expiration and removes exhaled air using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask connected to a deep vacuum generating unit (DVGU). Fourteen healthy examinees practiced breathing through facemasks at 30, 25 and 20 breaths per minute; oxygen and nebulized saline were added at later steps. To test the efficacy of removing exhaled air, CO2 was used as a proxy and its level was measured from the outer surface of the open facemask. Compared to the baseline recording, SPEAR-P1 reduced CO2 escaping from the facemask by 66% on average for all study steps and respiratory rates (p<0.001), reaching 85.55% on average at 20 breaths per minute (p<0.001). This study shows that removing exhaled air from examinees using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask is feasible. Future development of this system will enhance its efficacy and provide a method to remove a patient's contaminating aerosol without the need to "seal" the patient, especially in settings where isolation rooms are not readily available.

Movable VOC Removal System

In this study, we develop a mobile VOCs gas removal system that can remove volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions from petrochemical facilities, metal painting factories, and surroundings of life, and can efficiently cope with situations occurring in the field. Regular repairs to petrochemical plants and semiconductor plants are carried out for a month every four to five years, and work such as replacing old pipes and repairing aging facilities, cleaning, removing residual gas, checking pipe connections and valves, and improving processes are carried out while the plant is shut down. During regular maintenance, a large-scale accident occurs in which gas remaining in the facility leaks or explodes due to rising pressure, and even after internal gas discharge and purge work is performed, it is scattered by the characteristics of raw materials remaining inside the pipe and reactor and discharged into the atmosphere. Therefore, there is always a possibility of causing safety accidents, and such accidents have a great socioeconomic impact as they are directly connected to the safety of workers as well as the safety of local residents. This system is designed to be adaptable according to the size of a number of outlets, and it is proposed to minimize the impact of VOCs harmful gases on the surroundings by developing it as a mobile type. The efficiency of collecting scattered VOCs gas is more than 90%, and the integrated operating system is demonstrated for 50 CMM class movable VOCs adsorption device, 5 CMM class treatment gas recirculation type non-flame waste heat recovery adsorbent regeneration treatment device, and two or more business sites.

Efficient Removal of PFASs Using Photocatalysis, Membrane Separation and Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent compounds characterized by stable C-F bonds giving them high thermal and chemical stability. Numerous studies have highlighted the presence of PFASs in the environment, surface waters and animals and humans. Exposure to these chemicals has been found to cause various health effects and has necessitated the need to develop methods to remove them from the environment. To date, the use of photocatalytic degradation and membrane separation to remove PFASs from water has been widely studied; however, these methods have drawbacks hindering them from being applied at full scale, including the recovery of the photocatalyst, uneven light distribution and membrane fouling. Therefore, to overcome some of these challenges, there has been research involving the coupling of photocatalysis and membrane separation to form photocatalytic membrane reactors which facilitate in the recovery of the photocatalyst, ensuring even light distribution and mitigating fouling. This review not only highlights recent advancements in the removal of PFASs using photocatalysis and membrane separation but also provides comprehensive information on the integration of photocatalysis and membrane separation to form photocatalytic membrane reactors. It emphasizes the performance of immobilized and slurry systems in PFAS removal while also addressing the associated challenges and offering recommendations for improvement. Factors influencing the performance of these methods will be comprehensively discussed, as well as the nanomaterials used for each technology. Additionally, knowledge gaps regarding the removal of PFASs using integrated photocatalytic membrane systems will be addressed, along with a comprehensive discussion on how these technologies can be applied in real-world applications.

Optimization and Application Analysis of Phase Correction Method Based on Improved Image Registration in Ultrasonic Image Detection

ABSTRACTIn order to prevent and detect a wide range of disorders, including those of the brain, thoracic, digestive, urogenital, and cardiovascular systems, ultrasound technology is essential for assessing physiological data and tissue morphology. Its capacity to deliver real‐time, high‐frequency scans makes it a handy and non‐invasive diagnostic tool. However, issues like patient movements and probe jitter from human error can provide a large amount of interference, resulting in inaccurate test findings. Techniques for image registration can assist in locating and eliminating unwanted interference while maintaining crucial data. Even though there has been research on improving these techniques in Matlab, there are no specialized systems for interference removal, and the procedure is still time‐consuming, particularly when working with huge quantities of ultrasound images. The phase correlation technique, which converts images into the frequency domain and makes noise suppression easier, is one of the most efficient algorithms now in use since it can tolerate noise with resilience. Nevertheless, little research has been done on using this technique to identify displacement in blood vessel wall ultrasound images. To address these gaps, this work presents an image registration system that uses the phase correlation algorithm. The system provides rotation, zoom registration, picture translation, and displacement detection of the vessel wall in addition to interference removal. Furthermore, batch processing is included to increase the effectiveness of registering multiple ultrasound pictures. Through efficient interference management and streamlined registration, this method offers a workable way to improve the precision and efficacy of ultrasonic diagnostics.

An Experimental Study of an Autonomous Heat Removal System Based on an Organic Rankine Cycle for an Advanced Nuclear Power Plant

The present study focuses on the recovery of waste heat in an autonomous safety system designed for advanced nuclear reactors. The system primarily relies on passive safety condensers, which are increasingly integrated into the design of advanced Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). These condensers are typically immersed in large water tanks that serve as heat sinks and are placed at sufficient heights to ensure natural circulation. Such a heat removal system can operate for an extended period, depending on the size of the tank. This research is driven by the potential to recover part of the energy stored in the boiling water volume, using it as a heat source for an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system via an immersed heat exchanger. The electricity generated by the ORC engine can be used to power the system components, thereby making it self-sufficient. In particular, a pump replenishes the water tank, ensuring core cooling for a duration no longer limited by the water volume in the tank. An experimental test setup, including a boiling water pool and an ORC engine with an electrical output of approximately several hundred watts, along with an immersed evaporator, was constructed at CEA (Grenoble, France). Several test campaigns were conducted on the experimental test bench, exploring different configurations: two distinct ORC working fluids, cold source temperature variation effects, and relative positioning of the submerged evaporator and heat source within the water tank impact. These tests demonstrated the reliability of the system. The results were also used to validate both the ORC condenser and evaporator models. This article presents this innovative system, which has recently been patented. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the investigated configuration of an ORC that includes an immersed evaporator is original.

A novel polymer nanocomposite system for rapid dimethyl phthalate toxicity removal

A novel polymer nanocomposite system for rapid dimethyl phthalate toxicity removal