System Approach Model Research Articles

Development of problem mind mapping-based learning model (PMM-BL) integration patterns to improve critical thinking skills in primary school students

PISA 2022 data shows that Indonesia's ranking has risen 5-6 positions compared to PISA 2018. However, even though there was an increase in ranking in PISA 2022, Indonesia recorded a decrease in scores in each ability assessment subject. Therefore, Indonesia actually still has the opportunity to develop a model (PMM-BL) integration patterns to improve critical thinking skills because it has the capacity and potential that have not yet been developed. The purpose of this research is to produce a PMM-BL model book product and its operational form to improve critical thinking skills and test differences in students' critical thinking skills before and after implementing the PMM-BL. The research subjects during the limited trial of the PMM-BL model were fifth-grade students at SDN Bandulan 2, Malang City, Indonesia. The research method used is research and development (R&D). The development procedure is guided by the stages of the systems approach model, namely Dick & Cary's learning system development design model. This study examined the development of the PMM-BL model and its operational form to improve critical thinking skills and examines differences in students' critical thinking abilities before and after implementing the PMM-BL model.

Influence of performance auditing on strategic decision making in organizations

Management auditing is a comprehensive process aimed at evaluating and improving the effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of an organization. For this purpose, various methodologies are used, such as COSO II, Balanced Scorecard, ISO 9001 Standard, Systems Approach Model and FODA Analysis. These tools have proven to be effective in revealing deficiencies in key areas and proposing concrete corrective measures. The present study focuses on answering the question of how to improve strategic decision making in organizations. To this end, the influence of management auditing is analyzed and improvements are proposed to optimize it. The research is conducted through a qualitative approach, using the inductive method and documentary analysis. The results of the research conclude that the influence of management auditing on strategic decision making is fundamental. This is due to the fact that this audit allows optimizing the internal processes of the organization, thus contributing to its sustainable development and growth.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH TODDLER BOOK BASED MORAL VALUE

This research was about the development of english toddler book based moral value. The purpose of this research is to see the development of English and moral value toddler through the application of English book based moral value. The method would used in this research is research and development. According to (Thiagarajan, 1974) states that development 4D model is a system approach model where compiled and based on previous models and based on actual field experience in designing, developing, evaluating, and disseminating teacher training materials in education special. Data collecting technique in this research is used questionnaires and observation sheets. The results of this research indicate that the English book based moral value in this development research are valid for use with good quality media. the result of content validation by content expert is 75.5% in valid category, the result of media validation by media expert is 92.5% in very valid category, the result of teacher perspective is 97% and the final result of observation is 94.4%.

INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN DI PESANTREN SALAF

Learning at the Pesantren Salaf is known as a learning system that uses traditional systems such as sorogan, bandongan, wetonan and tends not to use planned and systematically arranged learning tools. Therefore, even though the Pesantren Sidogiri is one of the pesantren salaf, this Islamic boarding school has learning innovations in the form of developing learning tools. The purpose of this research is to find out how the learning system is at the Pesantren Sidogiri and to find out how the learning innovations are at the Pesantren Sidogiri. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The results of this study are that the learning system at the Pesantren Sidogiri includes 2 systems, namely the Ma'hadiyah system and the Madrasiyah system. The learning innovations at the Pesantren Sidogiri include learning planning in the form of a syllabus designed by a special body called the Badan Tarbiyah wa al-Ta'lim Madrasy (BATARTAMA) and the implementation of innovations in the development of learning devices using a systems approach model. The findings of the systems approach model in the development of pesantren learning tools are at the same time a novelty in this research.

Development Of Practicum Learning Models Assisted with Practice Guide Videos

This study aims to develop a practicum learning model assisted by a practicum guide video. The research method used is research and development using the Dick and Carey Educational Research and Development Step System Approach Model and the Bergman and Moore model. The results of the expert one-to-one evaluation, namely material experts, learning design, instructional media and language stated that the practicum model of learning assisted by the practicum guide video was feasible to use. One-to-one student is done by selecting three students whose results are feasible to use. The results of the small group evaluation with an average score of 4.58 for nine students are in the very good category, which can be interpreted as feasible to use; the results of field trials conducted on 30 students obtained 4.57 which can be interpreted as very good. Based on the findings, it can be stated that developing practicum learning model with the use of a practical guide video is feasible and may successfully improve students' knowledge and practice results while meeting the KKNI level 9 requirements.

Management of the effectiveness of investment planning using economic and mathematical modeling

Introduction. When solving optimal tasks at the stage of technical and economic planning, it is necessary to establish an optimality criterion, which is mathematically written as an objective function. Minimization of the duration of the project works during its implementation within the time limit set by the investor is such a criterion in the formulation of our task. By limitations of the model, we understand such conditions, which are expressed in the limitation of resources both quantitatively and qualitatively: hence the problem of their saving, the best distribution, and effective use arises.Goal consists in the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the concept of managing the effectiveness of investment planning with the use of economic and mathematical modelingResearch methods. In the research process, general scientific and special methods of cognition were used: analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization and formal logic, system approach, classification, statistical analysis, functional-value analysis, generalization, observation, mathematical statistics, simulation and network modeling, specification, technical and economic calculationsResults. It was found that with the help of the proposed technology «Flow» it is possible to determine: the calendar schedule of works for the optimal version of the project implementation; the calendar dates of the start and end of critical works, on which the duration of the entire project depends; actual project implementation costs. The value of the objective function shows what additional costs are necessary for the implementation of the investment project in a given period. It has been proven that the «Flow» technology allows you to determine the value of the model and, in our opinion, demonstrates the improvement of the existing solution to the tasks of project implementation within the given time and ensures the compatibility and unity of information support, and therefore allows you to receive more reliable data. The main advantages of the proposed method were evaluated: availability of raw data; a calculation algorithm that is understandable to any project participant; clarity of results; connection in a single model of the economic interests of the main participants of the project.Perspectives. Further research should be aimed at carrying out a continuous process of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the project management information system and the need to create a special organizational unit - a strategic committee, which will allow the creation of mechanisms for effective management of investment projects of the territorial community, to achieve its strategic goals, and will also contribute to the implementation of strategies due to the consistent actions of the community investment development management staff.

Process modeling paradigm change

Business process modeling and implementation has taken researchers' attention for almost 30 years, since Hammer and Champy published in 1992 their book on business process reengineering. Process management proponents mostly focused on the system approach and workflow modeling. In this paper, we would like to emphasize the issues of business process paradigm development. This paper's aim is to confront workflow modeling with case management. These two approaches have different purposes, although, through their application, the process paradigm change is presented. This study methodology covers the literature survey (LS) and case study. The LS on the application of Case Management Model Notation (CMMN) is included to answer the question for what purposes CMMN is applied. The empirical part covers a case study on remote audit (e-audit) process modeling. Further, a discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of e-audit process is included. Final conclusions concern the transformability of process modeling methodologies. This paper contributes to process management theory with explanations of how and why specific e-audit processes are developed and how they expand process managers' practices. The e-audit activities are included in step-by-step processes as well as in the case management model to improve knowledge sharing and practice improvement.

Restaurant business foresight

Introduction. Development management of the restaurant business is problematically orien­ted because exogenous and endogenous factors influence the efficiency of restaurant business establishments. Problem. The influence of external and inter­nal factors of different hierarchical levels on the restaurant business actualizes the expediency of developing innovative and adaptive mechanisms of interaction with the subjects of economic relations, which are formed based on the use of cognitive modeling in the identification and selection of scenario vectors for predicting their development. The aim of the article is the scientific sub­stantiation of scenario vectors for forecasting the development of restaurant business establishments. Methods. General scientific and special me­thods of cognition such as abstract-logical, com­parison, analysis and synthesis, system approach, logical and cognitive modeling, theoretical gene­ralization and formulation of conclusions were applied in the article. Results. The dynamics of restaurant business establishments are analyzed and substantiated, and comparative monitoring of the volume of services sold by service sector enterprises by type of economic activity is carried out. The advan­tages, disadvantages, and risks of combining restaurant business establishments into multi-format chains have been identified. Conclusions. The content of scenario vectors for forecasting the development of restaurant business establishments has been developed and characterized; it includes a focus on consumer values and need, collaboration of restaurant busi­ness entities and related food service companies, unification of formats and concepts of subjects of the restaurant business, restructuring of busi­ness models of restaurant business entities, techno­logical innovations to improve consumer safety and omnicidal marketing communication. Based on the above, the authors’ interpretation of the concept of "business scenario" is provided.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) TEST INSTRUMENT ON METABOLISM TOPIC FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

Research and development of the HOTS test instruments was carried out to measure students’ learning outcomes in the HOTS learning process on Metabolism topic at senior high school level. This study used the research and development method of the Dick & Carey systems approach model which consists of nine stages, namely: 1) assess needs to help identify learning goals; 2) conduct instructional analysis and analyze learners and contexts; 3) write performance objectives; 4) develop assessment instruments; 5) develop instructional strategies; 6) develop and select instructional materials; 7) design and conduct formative evaluation; 8) revise instruction based on the formative evaluation; and 9) design and conduct summative evaluation. The data of the students’ mastery on Metabolism topic was collected through a HOTS-based multiple-choice test related to Metabolism topic. A total of 610 research subjects were involved in this study. Content validity analysis were conducted using Aiken’s V formula and empirical validity analysis were carried out using product moment Pearson correlation. The results reveal that based on content validation, 83 out of 100 test items are valid, proven by the Aiken’s V value on the three indicators which is greater than 0.677. Based on empirical validation, in cycle I there are 60 valid test items as rcount > rtable (0.12) and sig. 2 tailed value < α 0.05. In cycle II, there are 55 valid test items as rcount > rtable (0.11) and sig. 2 tailed value < α 0.05. The 55 test items are in good quality category, thus they are ready to be implemented.

A food systems approach and qualitative system dynamics model to reveal policy issues within the commercial broiler chicken system in South Africa.

Global broiler production and consumption levels continue to rise. South Africa’s broiler system is dominated by commercial production and formal retail trade, with competition from cheap imports. Local broiler policies have narrow, production-driven, short-term aims for industry growth and national food security. However, these have unintended consequences that undermine the system’s future sustainability. Using a food systems approach, this study developed a qualitative system dynamics model of the South African commercial broiler system and used it to engage stakeholders in policy discussions within the boundaries of health, nutrition, and environmental sustainability. A problem statement and key system elements were drawn from a previously published qualitative study and were validated by 15 stakeholders via an online questionnaire. From this, a seed model was developed, expanded into a larger model, and shared in a modular format with stakeholders in virtual meetings, on an individual or institutional basis, for feedback and validation, and for discussion of areas for policy consideration. Refinements were incorporated into the modules, policy considerations were summarised, and crosscutting issues were identified. The model demonstrated the system’s complexity, interlinkages, feedbacks, reinforcing and balancing loops, and behaviour archetypes. The modular presentation format created a suitable platform for stakeholder engagement. Current policies focus on local commercial production, formal markets, and affordability without cognisance of the broader system represented by the model. Inequality pervades throughout the system. Commercial producers, linked to large supermarkets and fast-food chains, dominate the system, presenting barriers to entry. Affordability is unintentionally traded off against non-communicable disease risks through brining of most frozen products, and ultra-processing of fast-food items. Foodborne disease control is critical, given the proportion of vulnerable individuals, and greater coherence of food safety policy is urgently needed. The environmental footprint of broilers, whilst less than that of ruminants, deserves closer scrutiny based on its dependence on intensive cereal production for feed. This study’s food systems approach provides a system-wide perspective and a foundation for policymakers to develop more integrated and transformative policies.

Evaluation of Usability and Learning Motivation of e-Learning Courses for People With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Nurses need to increase patient education opportunities so that more people with chronic kidney disease can understand the disease accurately from its early stages. We developed an e-learning course based on the Dick and Carey system approach model and the attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction model for people with chronic kidney disease. People with chronic kidney disease, on average, are aged around 50 to 60 years, and this population tends to lack perceived susceptibility toward and concern for the disease owing to the asymptomatic nature of early chronic kidney disease. Therefore, e-learning should be easy to use and motivate learning. This study aimed to evaluate the usability and learning motivation of this course. The participants included 10 outpatients (mean age, 51.2 years) with chronic kidney disease whose mastery percentage of learning objectives was compared by the knowledge tests immediately before and after the course. We also observed the participants' operation status and measured their motivation for using instructional materials with a questionnaire. The results demonstrated that this course facilitates independent operation, improves postcourse performance, and motivates participants in all areas of learning motivation. Thus, this e-learning course can be recommended as easy to use and motivating for people with chronic kidney disease.

Improving Course Learning Outcomes Object-Oriented Programming through Blended Learning

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is one of computer students' competencies to have. However, students in computers at the University of Technology Mataram have always had more than 50% of their students have grades below B in the last three years. Based on the analysis, literature review, and existing problems, research was carried out by developing a blended learning model by adopting a blended learning lab rotation to improve student learning outcomes in OOP courses. The learning model is supported by learning materials with facilities in the form of learning modules (equipped with practice questions, pre-tests, and post-tests), video tutorials, facilities for discussion and collaboration, and material in presentation slides. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) by implementing an existing model that combines two learning development models, namely the Borg & Gall Model and the Dick & Carey Model, whose overall steps are called the Step of System Approach Model of Educational Research and Development. The feasibility test was carried out through expert validity tests. The application of this blended lab-rotation-based learning model effectively improved student learning outcomes in OOP courses. This is shown through the product effectiveness test, where the average value of the post-test reached 80.40, with the number of students declared complete in achieving the minimum standard set at 85%. The increase in student learning outcomes in this OOP course is quite significant, reaching 50% of the pre-test average value, only 57.20, with the number of students declared complete by 35%.

Improving the Learning Effectiveness of Information System Analysis and Design Courses with Collassion Learning

The information systems analysis and design course are compulsory in the Information Systems Study Program. The majority of the graduate profiles demonstrate a great level of experience as systems analysts. Every year the number of students in this program at the University of Technology, Mataram, with scores below B is average 37.35%. This value corresponds to the annual student population being unable to conduct the course activities effectively. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to generate an appropriate learning model for the information system analysis and design course to improve higher-order thinking skills. The methodology involved research and development (R&D) that combines two learning development models, termed research and information collection. This research occurs as the first stage of Borg & Gall’s model and the Step of System Approach Model of Educational Research and Development, adapted from Step Learning Design by Dick & Carey. Based on the analysis results of student demands, literature review, and the reference to existing problems, the need to develop a learning model for the information systems analysis and design course appears very essential. This is achieved by adopting a problem-based learning model known as “Collassion”, mainly supported by information and communication technology in relation to collaboration and discussion. A validity test was subsequently performed by 4 experts and the model effectiveness was determined, using product effectiveness analysis. The posttest average score was attained at 81.21, with 82.76% of student completion rate in accordance with the specified minimum competency standards. This score has increased significantly up to 72.41% from the pretest mean value at 43.69, with a percentage of completeness of 6.90%. Furthermore, the effectiveness test results showed the ability of Collassion Learning in enhancing the learning effectiveness of the sample course.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN BLENDED LEARNING DALAM MATA KULIAH

Learning needs to be designed based on a need assessment and the need to develop learning materials that can answer learning problems in higher education. The development of Blended Learning materials is carried out to provide learning that can accommodate the breadth of required discussion and to elaborate on students' understanding, practice, and attitudes as competencies that are expected to be achieved in course learning. This paper aims to provide information about designing and producing blended learning materials that can solve learning problems. Dick and Carey's system approach model and Allan Jolliffe's web-based materials development model were used in the development of blended learning materials. The combination of learning materials, both printed and non-printed materials, can be arranged in face-to-face or non-face-to-face learning. Learning makes student activities and learning outcomes that make maximum learning outcomes. This paper describes the development of blended learning materials in higher education.

Creation of the System for Management of Technology-Related Risks at the Enterprise

A problem of creating a technology-related risks management system at an enterprise has been considered. On the basis of applying system approach and system modeling, a set of interrelated structural and process models was built for using them in the technology-related risks management system of an enterprise. By means of the suggested models and matrix projections between them, we can carry out the organizational analysis of a technology-related risks management system of an enterprise, which allows determining the functional workload and responsibility of structural elements of the created system. The calculation procedure of personnel in accordance with the established posts list has been developed for the technology-related risks management system of an enterprise, which would allow cutting administrative costs for the functions of risk managers.

Development of Virtual Learning Environment Using Canvas To Facilitate Online Learning

The results of the study for Learning during a pandemic, several studies have resulted in dissatisfaction with the existing online learning system. This dissatisfaction is because the implementation of existing online learning is not well planned and structured. Online learning only transfers face-to-face learning to virtual face-to-face. This study aims to develop virtual learning environment (VLE) to help students learn independently and study with lecturers and friends online, following predetermined learning outcomes. The research design uses Research and Development, which uses a combination of three (3) models, the Borg & Gall model, the Step of System Approach Model of Educational Research and Development, and the Rowntree model. This research conduct at the Universitas Nasional. The research subjects were students of Electrical Engineering. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires, involving Instructional Design experts, Materials experts, Language experts, Design and Media experts, one-to-one evaluation, also testing, and evaluation in large groups. The study also used pre-test and post-test questions to determine the effectiveness of VLE and the learning materials developed. The data obtained from the results is divided into two parts, namely qualitative data and quantitative data. During the test, revealed four important things from the developed VLE, namely the interaction of discussion forums, face-to-face interaction through video conferences, time management, and problem-solving that directly received feedback. The test results show that students are happy, motivated to do practice questions, and always follow the learning process on time. The results of the pre-test and post-test showed an increase of 20.40%.

System Approach and Design Models of PAI Learning

This article is focused on examining the systems approach and Pai's learning design models. Today teachers are required to be able to make appropriate learning plans according to the needs of students. The technique used is the result of documentation of existing reference sources and other written information. Analysis of research data using descriptive analysis, content analysis, and comparative analysis. The results of this discussion explain that the PAI learning system approach is a component that integrates with each other, functions cooperatively, and influences each other. In the PAI learning system approach, there are several planning components, namely: a. Establish PAI learning objectives, b. Determine the strategy for organizing the contents of Islamic Education lessons, c. Planning the roles of teachers and students in learning, d. Determine the PAI learning strategy, e. Determine the technique of evaluating the learning outcomes of Islamic Education. Meanwhile, the PAI learning model designs are: a. ASSURE learning design model, b. ADDIE learning design model, c. Kemp learning design model, d. PPSI learning design model, e. The Dick and Carey learning design model, f. The Briggs learning design model and examples in the form of management lesson plans are attached to the research results.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Berbasis Android untuk Peserta Didik Berkebutuhan Khusus

This research generally aims to develop android-based teaching materials for students with special needs without intellectual barriers. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D). The development was carried out by adopting The Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Research and Development from Borg and Gall. The subjects and respondents in this study were students with special needs, teachers, parents and experts in the fields of learning, media and language. The results showed that digital teaching materials based on android can be developed. The results of expert judgement conducted by learning, media and language experts showed that the teaching materials developed are feasible to be used in learning for students with special needs with an average score of 3.7 that is categorized well. In conclusion, android-based teaching materials for students with special needs without intellectual barriers developed are feasible to use in the learning process.
 Keywords: Digital Teaching Materials, Android, Students with Special Needs

Стратегия эффективного развития золотодобывающих предприятий на основе консолидации бизнеса

The subject of the article is the search for an effective strategic solution in the framework of sustainable development of gold mining enterprises belonging to small and medium-sized mining businesses. The goal of the study is to analyze the problem and the theoretical rationale for the use of horizontal integration for the category of gold mining enterprises, as well as the development of methodological provisions to assess the effectiveness of this strategy in modern conditions. In the process of writing the article the methods of analysis and synthesis within the system approach, mathematical and graphical modeling of economic processes were used. As a result of the study, the processes of development of the gold mining industry, taking into account the state of the mineral resource base of alluvial gold, are revealed. The role of horizontal integration and the expediency of its application within the enterprises belonging to the small and medium mining business are indicated. A methodology has been developed for evaluating the effectiveness of a horizontally integrated gold mining enterprise, taking into account potential synergistic effects, the possibility of diversifying production. The described approaches, at the project stage, will allow to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the planned consolidation.

Comparing the Perspectives of Professionals and Relatives Toward the Quality of Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study

High-quality care is an important aim of palliative care services. However, the quality of care is a complex phenomenon and is subjectively perceived by those who are closest to the services and are often evaluated poorly. Prior research has highlighted the difficulties in evaluating the quality of care because of different perspectives, and still, only a little is understood about the perception of the quality of care in palliative care services. Investigating the perspectives of key individuals involved in palliative care, such as palliative professionals and relatives of palliative patients, can provide invaluable insight to understand the quality of care. To identify the perceptions of palliative professionals and relatives of the patients toward the quality of palliative care along with identifying the similarities and divergences in the perceptions, as well as highlighting the complexity of quality in palliative care settings while indicating their areas of improvement. This was a qualitative study that involved semi-structured interviews for the evaluation of palliative care guided by the proposed system approach model [1]. The interviews were conducted with a total number of 38 professionals working in palliative care along with 26 relatives of palliative patients across four Swiss cantons (Ticino, Basel, Vaud, and Lucerne). These professionals worked in primary palliative care (PPC) and specialized palliative care (SPC), where 11 general practitioners (GP’s) and 12 nurses were from primary palliative care services. Additionally, 15 interviews were conducted with 9 specialized medical doctors (e.g., oncologists) and 6 specialized palliative care nurses from different hospitals, hospices, mobile palliative care teams (MPCT’s), and specialist private practice. The results revealed considerable differences between the perspectives of professionals and relatives regarding the following aspects of care: 1) the availability, 2) client-centeredness (including respect for patient’s wishes and relative’s involvement in care, 3) satisfaction (including physical and psychosocial), and 4) communication and information transfer. Mainly, the family members felt that care was not being always readily available and coordinated poorly, the patient’s needs were overlooked because of the lack of time. Also, some professionals were perceived to be incompetent with a lack of communication and negligence toward the psychosocial needs of the patient. On the other hand, professionals indicated that relatives may be too involved in the patient care and might have expressed concern due to the high risk of burn out caused by extreme stress and emotionally taxing circumstances of palliative care. The different perspectives uncovered both the similarities and discrepancies, representing a demand for addressing the shortcomings of palliative care services. Specifically, findings indicated that professionals may overestimate the quality of palliative care. Also, future initiatives were needed to ensure that the family members of palliative patients were adequately supported, both psycho-socially and financially, justifying the investment. These findings would help in informing the health policy about the aspects of care that require specific attention to improve the overall quality of care and urge future research to explore the best ways to support these aspects of care.