Protection System Research Articles

Міжнародно-правові стандарти щодо правового регулювання cфери інтелектуальної власності: зарубіжний досвід

Before the twentieth century, obtaining intellectual property protection in different countries was considered a difficult task since the legislative regulations of this process were quite different. That is why more and more states wanted to systematise and develop a unified approach to the legal regulation of intellectual property at the international level. The emergence of international legislation on intellectual property is explained by the fact that the rights to the results of intellectual activity have the quality of a ‘territorial limitation’, i.e. in the absence of international treaties, they are recognised and protected only in the territory of the state where they originally appeared. The international system of legal regulation of social relations related to the creation and use of intellectual property results is based on the desire to overcome this contradiction. It interacts with national systems of intellectual property protection, ensuring the rights of creators outside their countries. The article emphasises that, given the intensification of international economic and cultural relations, the unification of intellectual property legislation is essential. The adoption of international treaties solves this problem only partially. The analysis shows that the development of international legal instruments does not contribute to, and sometimes even hinders, the development of intellectual property law since it is based on the prevailing paradigm, according to which ensuring a high level of legal protection of intellectual rights is the main criterion for assessing legislation. The author examines the current state of social relations in intellectual property law, the dynamics of international legal regulation, and the peculiarities of legislative adaptation to the current priorities of developed countries in this area.

A practitioners view on the ICRP review of the system of radiological protection - feedback from SRP 2023 workshop.

In 2018 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiated a review and revision of the System of Radiological Protection which will lay the foundation for Radiation Protection standards, regulations, guidance and practice worldwide for the next 40 years. On the 25th April 2023 the Society for Radiological Protection ran a workshop at their Annual Conference presenting the current status and progress in the ICRP Review and Revision, along with inviting a number of panellist's across different areas of the profession and wider audience to share their thoughts. The outputs of the workshop are summarised in this paper showing the views from a variety of practitioners working across the radiation protection sectors on the key factors to be considered in the review.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid induction of triticale protective systems under drought, salt stress or a combination of the two

Gamma-aminobutyric acid induction of triticale protective systems under drought, salt stress or a combination of the two

Improving the ablation performance of largely deformed silicone rubber-based composites under coupled mechanical-thermal-oxidative conditions by implementing deformable carbon fiber fabrics

Silicone rubber-based composites are used as thermal protection materials due to their large deformability and excellent thermal insulation properties. In this study, two types of commercially available silicone rubbers were selected as the matrices for preparing flexible thermal protection materials. The influence of applied strain rates on the microstructure, ablation and ceramifiable behavior of silicone rubbers was studied. The research showed that the ablation performance of silicone rubbers deteriorated greatly at large strain rates. The reinforcement using deformable carbon fiber fabrics was proposed to effectively counter the deterioration of the ablative properties incurred by applying external strain. The back-face temperature reached as low as 186 °C when the samples were ablated at above 1000 °C for 50s at a strain rate of 20 %. The proposed strategy was proved helpful in developing high performance flexible thermal protection systems that exhibit promising application in the fields of aerospace and fire protection among others.

STRENGTHENING CHILDREN PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR REDRESSING DOMESTIC EMOTIONAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

Children abuse is a threat to the development of children. Emotional abuse is such a classification of children abuse which kills children’s mind silently but deeply. Although the government and non-governmental organizations are taking many steps to prevent other kinds of children abuse such as physical abuse or sexual abuse, but due to silent killing nature of emotional abuse it is quite unaddressed and un-redressed by them. In this paper I tried to discuss the aspect of emotional abuse elaborately and its impact on children’s psychology. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the level of emotional abuse among the respondents. The field survey shows that families are not conscious about their treatment of children. So my concentration was to focus on the life-long impacts of the emotional abuse on children and to recommend a strengthened children protection system including community people to prevent and protect children from emotional abuse.

Cattle supply chain fidelity in the Brazilian Amazon: key considerations for deforestation monitoring

Abstract Supply chain governance (SCG) is an increasingly important approach to man- age environmental protection and human rights in agricultural systems across the tropics. SCG helps relay the preferences of international consumers to producers and fills environmental policy gaps. Brazil’s Zero-Deforestation Cattle Agreements (CA) are one of the longest-standing examples of SCG but shortcomings in implementation have reduced their conservation impacts. Chief among the reasons for their limited effect is that slaughterhouses monitor only the suppliers they buy from directly. This does not account for the complex supply network upstream of the direct sale, whose dynamics are also poorly understood. We provide the first comprehensive characterization of the strength and duration of cattle supply chain relationships based on animal transaction records from across the Brazilian Amazon. Whereas direct supply relationships (from ranchers to slaughterhouses) are relatively few and long-lasting, upstream relationships between ranchers are numerous and short-lived. Expanding monitoring to include these upstream sup- pliers increases the number of monitored transactions by an order of magnitude. However, 1% of the largest direct suppliers sell nearly half of cattle to CA slaughterhouses. More comprehensive upstream monitoring of only these prolific suppliers could greatly increase coverage at a fraction of the cost. While it may be challenging to monitor the entire supply network, significant advancements are within reach.

Comparative perspective on the Marrakesh Treaty and China’s copyright law: Differences and similarities

With the rapid development of globalization and informatization, the role of copyright law in balancing the rights and interests of creators and the public interest is becoming increasingly prominent. This article delves into the similarities and differences between the Marrakesh Treaty and China’s copyright law, particularly in terms of protecting the rights and interests of people with reading disabilities. The Marrakesh Treaty, as an important achievement of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), provides convenience for people with reading disabilities worldwide to access published works through limited copyright law modifications and exceptions. As a signatory of this treaty, China’s revision and implementation of its copyright law have a significant impact on the international intellectual property protection system. This article provides an overview of the background, core concepts, and limitations of the Marrakesh Treaty, and introduces the basic situation of China’s copyright law. By comparing the similarities and differences between the Marrakesh Treaty and China’s copyright law, this paper explores the provisions of both in protecting the rights and interests of people with reading disabilities, and proposes suggestions for improving China’s copyright law. These suggestions include clearly defining the scope of application of the treaty, expanding the definition of beneficiaries, adding cross-border transaction clauses for accessible works, reasonably avoiding technical protection measures, and strengthening the construction of implementation mechanisms and supervision systems. Although there are differences between the Marrakesh Treaty and China’s Copyright Law in protecting the rights and interests of people with reading disabilities, their common goal is to ensure that people with reading disabilities have equal access to cultural and educational materials through legal means, promote their social participation and cultural enjoyment. The revision process of China’s Copyright Law actively absorbs and transforms the provisions of the Marrakesh Treaty, demonstrating China’s efforts and determination in fulfilling international obligations, promoting social equity and inclusiveness.

Spacecraft protection against man-made and natural space debris particles

Classification of space objects according to their size, mass and density is presented. Methods developed for assessing the degree of near-Earth space contamination by space debris are reviewed briefly. General principles of providing passive and active protection for spacecraft are analyzed. Based on the developed model of particle motion under the conditions of electrodynamic armor, the areas of its efficient application are specified. It is shown that the current level of development of structural materials and high-pulse energy storage devices does not fully ensure the possibility of their full-scale efficient use in spacecraft protection systems. It is stated that it is necessary to develop additional measures to ensure the space flight safety, for example, by developing service spacecraft on the basis of unified space platforms, the primary purpose of which would be the active removal of space debris.

Enhancing Networking and Linking Communities for the Conservation Practices of Natural History Collections

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake revealed that one of the reasons for the lack of effective and timely action to rescue and restore natural history collections is that the organizational laws and policies are insufficient and inapplicable under extreme circumstances. Laws and policies for collections are primarily concerned with designation and registration, preservation and management, financial assistance, government involvement and public awareness. The Cultural Property Protection System and the Act on Cultural Properties Preservation prioritized the rescue and restoration of cultural assets, both nationally and regionally, however, attention to the state of natural history collections was delayed and was primarily fueled by volunteers (Mawatari 2015). Earlier in the Meiji era (1868~1912), national emphasis on cultural assets, represented by Japanese art, contributed to the formation and spread of nationalism (Kanayama 2011). Consequently, the laws and policies in question were enacted, focusing on attaching importance to and preservervation of cultural assets. After a few attempts at national discussion on whether science specimens (in natural history collections) should be covered by the law, the problem remain unsolved. In the few cases, where natural history collections were designated by the law, the focus tended to be centered on the value to humanity. It is clear from the laws and policies that decision-makers lack an understanding of the importance of natural history collections. Further narrowing down the scope, operational rules and regulations are often based on the handling and practices of cultural history objects within the public museums, and descriptions of natural history collections are lacking in many practice guidelines for museums and textbooks on museum studies. Other than the need for better law and policy, the 2011 disaster has also left curators of natural history collections with a renewed sense of the importance of establishing theories on conservation science and other practice standards for natural history collections through networking and cooperation, not only under extreme circumstances but also for daily management and practical utility. However, the current lack of curators with expertise in natural history collections, the few chances to participate in skill-share programs, and insufficient financial and official support for pioneering research, remain challenging. To address this, it may be possible to propose methodologies and gather individuals with similar interests to deepen the debate on the importance of research and establishment of standards to give curators more chances, support and recognition to carry on conservation science research. Therefore, increasing connections within the natural history museum community is a feasible step to take in the near term. There are some actions in progress such as cross-museum collaboration to establish research projects and the skill-share projects organized by the Natural History Museum Network of Western Japan. What about the non-natural history museums and natural history collections with few or without specialized curators? The natural history curator community in Japan is small. In 2020, there were 228 museums in Japan holding biological specimens (geological and paleontology specimens were not counted in the research), fewer than half of which were assigned to natural history curators. In the natural history museums, the average number of natural history curators was 2.49; that of science museums, history museums and regional museums was less than 1, indicating that the natural history curator community is a minority in the museum sector of Japan (Fig. 1, Japanese Association of Museums 1986). Even those where there were assignments of natural history curators, the curators' specialized field may not be a perfect match with the collections, ending up with cases such as a curator of entomology having to take care of botanical specimens. In some regions, in 2020, there were only one or two natural history curators, indicating the unevenness in curator assignments across regions of Japan (Fig. 2, Japanese Association of Museums 1986). This makes it even harder to find other curators who can help when encountering problems beyond one’s expertise. All of this underlines the importance of creating a strong national network of natural history museum curators to share experiences, expertise, methodologies, and standards of care.

Performance Evaluation of Distance Relay Operation in Distribution Systems with Integrated Distributed Energy Resources

This article presents the evaluation of the performance of the distance relay (ANSI function 21) when integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in a Local Distribution System (LDS). The aim is to understand the impacts of and the necessary modifications required in the operation of distance relays, considering different levels of DER aggregation, and identifying any threshold levels before issues arise. To achieve this, first, a comprehensive review was carried out to analyze the impacts generated in the protection systems. Second, by using the DigSilent Power Factory software, the implementation of the distance relay using a IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder was validated. The aggregation of the three fundamental types of DG, synchronous machines, solar panels, and wind turbines, was evaluated. The threshold at which distributed generation power injection begins to compromise distance protection performance was identified. This study compares the outcomes of using mho and quadrilateral protection schemes.

Design and Construction of Thermal Overload Relay (Siemens 3ua50) Based on Arduino Uno

A Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) is a device in an electric motor protection system designed to safeguard the motor from damage due to overheating or overcurrent. This research discusses the design and implementation of a Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) based on Arduino Uno, which is a popular and flexible microcontroller platform. This design includes the PZEM-004T sensor to detect the electrical current and temperature of the electric motor. The design integrates the advantages of the PZEM-004T sensor in accurately measuring current and voltage with the flexibility and programming capabilities of Arduino in control and data processing. This system utilizes Arduino’s communication capabilities to transmit current and temperature data in real-time, enabling remote monitoring and quick response to potentially hazardous conditions. The result of this project is a tool that can replace the function of the TOR itself, where the characteristics produced are close to those of conventional TORs, and the thermal principle in the TOR is regulated with a time delay disconnection in the Arduino program.

Digital technology innovation and corporate resilience

This study identifies over 220,000 digital invention patent applications for digital invention and creates an index of enterprise-level digital technology innovations. Using an empirical analysis based on a two-way fixed-effects model, this study examines the impact of digital technology innovation on enterprise resilience. Results show that digital technology innovations improve enterprise resilience. This improvement is mainly achieved by reducing internal and external information asymmetry, reducing operating costs, improving management levels and operational efficiency, and increasing market profitability and sustainable earning capacity. Moreover, this study extracted all announcements containing phrases such as “strategic alliance,” “strategic co-operation,” and “business alliance” from 3.208 million announcements on the JUCHAO website and further filtered them to select those strategic alliances in digital technology as their content of collaboration and identified them as digital technology strategic alliances. The findings show that companies that join digital technology strategic alliances have a greater impact on improving enterprise resilience. Furthermore, this study found that digital technology innovation can significantly improve the enterprise resilience with better network infrastructure and a more comprehensive intellectual property protection system. This study expands the research scope of the microlevel effects of the digital economy and provides valuable insights for governments to optimize digital economy policies and enterprises to develop digital innovation strategies.

Mechanisms of Atomic Oxygen Erosion in Fluorinated Polyimides Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Traditional polyimides have highly conjugated structures, causing significant coloration under visible light. Fluorinated colorless polyimides, known for their light weight and excellent optical properties, are considered ideal for future aerospace optical lenses. However, their lifespan in low Earth orbit is severely limited by high-density atomic oxygen (AO) erosion, and the degradation behavior of fluorinated polyimides under AO exposure is not well understood. This study uses reactive molecular dynamics simulations to model two fluorinated polyimides, PMDA-TFMB and 6FDA-TFMB, with different fluorine contents, to explore their degradation mechanisms under varying AO concentrations. The results indicate that 6FDA-TFMB has slightly better resistance to erosion than PMDA-TFMB, mainly due to the enhanced chemical stability from its -CF3 groups. As AO concentration increases, widespread degradation of the polyimides occurs, with AO-induced cleavage and temperature-driven pyrolysis happening simultaneously, producing CO and OH as the main degradation products. This study uncovers the molecular-level degradation mechanisms of fluorinated polyimides, offering new insights for the design of AO erosion protection systems.

Justice-Based Regulation: A New Paradigm in Copyright Protection

Copyright, as a special right of creators, develops automatically under the declarative value once a work is happened in a physical form, with certain limitations as prescribed by law. This study investigates the current limitations in legal protection for copyright owners and proposes a justice-based regulatory framework. The research is structured around three central questions: 1) Why does the existing legal framework for copyright protection fail to deliver justice for copyright owners? 2) What are the essential shortcomings in the current regulations? 3) How can these values be restored to safeguard justice-based protection? Engaging a constructivist paradigm and a sociological legal method, this research utilizes socio-legal methods, including expressive analysis of both primary and secondary data. Data collection was conducted through literature reviews and field studies, with qualitative methods applied to analyse the findings. The study reveals substantial gaps in the current legal framework, particularly within Articles 1, 8, and 9 of the Copyright Law, which ineffectively safeguard the rights of copyright owners. These deficiencies are exacerbated by the widespread misuse of artificial intelligence technologies that modify original works, undermining the economic rights of creators. The analysis finds three main areas of weakness: legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The current legal provisions are ineffective in practice, implementation mechanisms are flawed, and societal attitudes towards copyright are driven by pragmatism, leading to frequent violations and unfair royalty distribution. To address these issues, the study recommends a comprehensive modernization of the legal framework, focusing on value and normative modernizations. Key proposals include amendments to the Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014 and Government Regulation No. 56 of 2021 to establish a more equitable and justice-oriented system for copyright protection.

Detecting Denial of Service Attacks (DoS) over the Internet of Drones (IoD) Based on Machine Learning

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones has increased lately. This phenomenon is due to UAVs’ wide range of applications in fields such as agriculture, delivery, security and surveillance, and construction. In this context, the security and the continuity of UAV operations becomes a crucial issue. Spoofing, jamming, hijacking, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are just a few categories of attacks that threaten drones. The present paper is focused on the security of UAVs against DoS attacks. It illustrates the pros and cons of existing methods and resulting challenges. From here, we develop a novel method to detect DoS attacks in UAV environments. DoS attacks themselves have many sub-categories and can be executed using many techniques. Consequently, there is a need for robust protection and mitigation systems to shield UAVs from DoS attacks. One promising security solution is intrusion detection systems (IDSs). IDs paired with machine learning (ML) techniques provide the ability to greatly reduce the risk, as attacks can be detected before they happen. ML plays an important part in improving the performance of IDSs. The many existing ML models that detect DoS attacks on UAVs each carry their own strengths and limitations.

Multi-Stage ANN Model for Optimizing the Configuration of External Lightning Protection and Grounding Systems

Multi-Stage ANN Model for Optimizing the Configuration of External Lightning Protection and Grounding Systems

A review of potential fault detection methods for traditional collector stations and sensor fault diagnosis in wind farm doubly-fed generator converters

Collector stations sometimes face situations where existing relay protection systems may fail, making potential fault monitoring technology increasingly important. This technology plays a critical role in ensuring the stability of power supply and enhancing economic benefits. Simultaneously, in response to the nation's "dual carbon goals," the construction and operation of large-scale renewable energy power stations are booming. Therefore, potential fault monitoring technology for new power stations should not be overlooked. For traditional power stations, the application and development trends of infrared thermal imaging technology, vibration analysis and acoustic detection technology, chemical analysis, and oil quality detection technology will be compared and discussed. Regarding new power stations, methods for diagnosing sensor faults in doubly-fed generator converters in wind power will be analyzed and discussed.

Evaluation of time-based virtual machine migration as moving target defense against host-based attacks

Moving Target Defense (MTD) consists of applying dynamic reconfiguration in the defensive side of the attack-defense cybersecurity game. Virtual Machine (VM) migration could be used as MTD against specific host-based attacks in the cloud computing environment by remapping the distribution of VMs in the existing physical hosts. This way, when the attacker’s VM is moved to a different machine, the attack has to be restarted. However, one significant gap here is how to select a proper VM migration-based MTD schedule to reach the desired levels of system protection. This paper develops a Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) model to address this issue. The model leverages empirical knowledge about the dynamics of the attack defense in a VM migration-enabled setup. First, we present the results of an experimental campaign to acquire knowledge about the system’s behavior. The experiments provide insights for the model design. Then, based on the model, we propose a tool named PyMTDEvaluator, which provides a graphical interface that serves as a wrapper for the simulation environment of the model. Finally, we exercise the tool using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods to aid the MTD policy selection. Hopefully, our results and methods will be helpful for system managers and cybersecurity professionals.

A PROTEÇÃO POSSESSÓRIA NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO

The aim of this research is to examine possessory protection within the legal framework. Initially, the paper will discuss the historical evolution of possessory law, tracing its origins from Roman law to its consolidation in modern legal systems. Consequently, it will define and explore the fundamental aspects of possession under Brazilian law, distinguishing it from ownership. Essential elements of possession, such as jus possidendi and jus possessionis, will be analyzed, highlighting the importance of possession in the legal system and its practical implications. The study will then examine the various forms of possessory protection provided by the legal framework, including possessory actions and provisional measures. The methodology employed in this research will involve a literature review. Following this, the requirements for granting possessory protection will be discussed, focusing on the need to demonstrate possession, the violation of possession, and the urgency required for provisional measures. The specific conditions for new force and old force actions will also be explored, offering a comprehensive understanding of procedural criteria. Distinctive characteristics of possessory protection, such as the fungibility of the action, the dual nature of possessory actions, and the cumulative nature of requests, will be examined. Additionally, the legal procedure for implementing possessory actions, from the initial petition to the final decision, will be addressed. In conclusion, the article reveals that despite a well-structured legal system for possessory protection, significant practical challenges remain that may impact the effectiveness of protecting possessory rights.

Information protection and cyber security in the public and financial sectors

The public sector faces increasing challenges in the field of cyber security and information protection, stimulated by the rapid development of digital technologies. A significant increase in the need for reliable protection of state data and information systems requires state institutions to implement complex information protection measures. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern approaches and technologies in the field of cyber security and the use of encryption, cryptography, and the use of cloud technologies that can be used in the public sector for effective information protection. The research methodology involves consideration of strategies that allow to increase the level of security and ensure the protection of critical infrastructure. The results of the study emphasize the need to adapt to the rapidly changing digital environment and involve modern technological solutions to create a reliable information network system in the public sector. The findings of the study draw attention to the importance of global cooperation and increased investment in the field of countering digital attacks, demonstrating examples of effective international cooperation and support in this direction. The need for the integration of international standards and practices in order to create a global digital space has been revealed. A promising area of research is the analysis of the impact of the latest technologies on data storage strategies, which contributes to the identification of ways for further innovations in the industry and the creation of flexible information network systems capable of effectively responding to changing conditions and challenges of modern cyberspace.