Systematic Review Methodology Research Articles

Foreign market network and internationalization of domestic firms: A systematic literature review

This study examined foreign market network and internationalization of domestic firms. It was carried out to identify the contemporary foreign-market networks available for domestic firms seeking internationalization; the ways in which foreign market network facilitates the internationalization of domestic firms; and the major barriers to the internationalization of domestic firms in contemporary extant literature. To that end, a systematic literature review methodology was adopted. Through a thorough search process supported by a set of stringent inclusion-exclusion criteria, 103 relevant articles were included in this review. The articles were analyzed using in-depth content analysis method augmented with descriptive statistics. The study found that the contemporary foreign-market networks for internationalization can be grouped into 18 categories. It was also found that foreign market network can enhance the internationalization agenda of domestic forms by providing access to distribution channels, risk mitigation, and enabling access to market knowledge and insights, among other key findings. Therefore, the study recommended the following, among others: Domestic firms seeking to internationalize should seek out foreign market networks using personal contacts, social media and the internet generally in order to gather substantial market intelligence about the countries to which they intend to expand their operations; and domestic firms can leverage foreign market networks by establishing strategic partnerships with local distributors, leveraging international trade associations, and utilizing cross-border collaborations to gain market insights, access distribution channels, and build relationships with key stakeholders, facilitating the successful execution of their internationalization strategy.

Standardization versus adaptation of marketing mix in international markets: A systematic literature review

This study examined standardization versus adaptation of marketing mix in international markets. It was carried out to explore the scholarly arguments for both standardization versus adaptation of marketing mix in international markets. It also explored the position of extant scholars on the choice between standardization versus adaptation of marketing mix in international markets. The study adopted systematic literature review methodology. The population of the study comprised 4,128 relevant articles obtained from five credible research databases. The article selection procedure was facilitated by a set of inclusion-exclusion criteria and the PRISMA framework. This resulted in the inclusion of 79 relevant articles published between 2017-2023 for the review. The articles were reviewed using in-depth content analysis method. The first finding of the study revealed that the major scholarly arguments for standardization can be grouped into 16 categories, including: economies of scale and cost efficiency; global brand image and recognition; among others. It was also found that the major scholarly arguments for adaptation can be grouped into 13 categories, including: cultural differences; legal and regulatory environment; among others. The last finding is that majority of extant scholars proposed a hybrid approach (glocalization), which combines elements of both standardization and adaptation to create a strategy that is globally consistent yet locally relevant. Therefore, the study advises international marketers to conduct comprehensive market research before adopting a glocalization strategy. This entails understanding local consumer behaviours, preferences, cultural nuances, and economic conditions in order to craft marketing campaigns that align with local culture, values, and traditions of the target market.

Teacher verbal interaction as support for children’s oral language development: contributions from an integrative systematic review

Originating from an ongoing doctoral research, this article aims to analyze, through a systematic review, studies that investigated teachers’ verbal interaction as support for the development of children’s oral language. The purpose was to understand how the literature describes and interprets the role of teachers in verbal interaction with children. An integrative systematic review methodology was used, with searches conducted in national and international electronic databases for publications between 2012 and 2022. Access to the databases took place from October 13, 2021, to August 16, 2022. The PRISMA group’s recommended flowchart was used for the systematization of the findings. The search strategies resulted in thirty-eight scientific productions dedicated to children’s oral language, of which twelve investigated verbal interaction as support for the development of oral language in children. We conclude that teachers’ verbal interaction is fundamental to developing children’s orality. It is recommended that these conclusions guide future research and pedagogical innovations.

Elucidating the determinants of crowdsourcing adoption for organisation value creation

Purpose This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the determinants influencing organisations decisions to adopt crowdsourcing. By synthesising existing literature, it seeks to identify critical factors that act as enablers or inhibitors in the adoption process and propose a framework for understanding crowdsourcing adoption within organisational contexts. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a systematic literature review methodology to examine the determinants influencing organisations' decisions to adopt crowdsourcing. The review encompassed research articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, spanning 2006 to 2021. Additionally, morphological analysis was conducted to categorise the identified determinants into three distinct contexts: technological, organisational and environmental. This methodological approach facilitated a comprehensive exploration of the factors shaping crowdsourcing adoption within organisational settings, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon across different dimensions. Findings The study identifies 12 determinants influencing crowdsourcing adoption, categorised into technological, organisational and environmental dimensions. These determinants include technological compatibility, organisational readiness, top management support, crowd readiness and availability of third-party platforms. While some determinants primarily act as enablers, others exhibit dual roles or serve as inhibitors depending on contextual factors. Research limitations/implications The findings offer valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and organisational leaders seeking to leverage crowdsourcing as a strategic tool for innovation and competitiveness. The assessment scale of drivers and barriers developed in this research offers a systematic approach for evaluating the factors influencing crowdsourcing adoption, providing a nuanced understanding of innovation adoption dynamics. Theoretical implications include advancements in morphological analysis methodology and a nuanced understanding of innovation adoption dynamics. Managerial implications highlight strategies for enhancing organisational readiness, leveraging leadership support and mitigating adoption risks. Overall, the study provides a foundation for future empirical research and practical guidance for organisations planning to adopt crowdsourcing initiatives. Originality/value This research contributes significantly to crowdsourcing by presenting an integrated and theoretically grounded framework. By consolidating adoption determinants from diverse contexts, this study clarifies the understanding of crowdsourcing adoption. The framework offers practical value to managers and decision-makers, equipping them with a structured approach to assess and navigate the challenges associated with effectively adopting crowdsourcing. As such, this study contributes to advancing crowdsourcing practices and supports more informed managerial decision-making in innovation and knowledge sourcing.

Wheeled mobility use outcomes: a systematic review of measurement properties protocol.

Numerous tools have been developed to measure constructs related to wheelchair use. Currently, no toolkit comprehensively details assessments of wheeled mobility device use based on the quality of their measurement properties. The current review aims to systematically identify high-quality assessment tools that measure different aspects of wheeled mobility use. The objectives are two-fold: (1) to synthesize outcome measures that assess use of wheeled mobility devices, and (2) to evaluate measurement properties of the assessment tools. The populations of interest are manual wheelchair users, power wheelchair users, and scooter users of any age, diagnosis, or setting. Instruments of any type will be included. The JBI methodology for systematic reviews of measurement properties will guide this review. A search strategy will be developed to search the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), PsycTests (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The article selection process, data extraction, and quality appraisal will be performed by 2 independent reviewers, with a third reviewer being consulted to achieve consensus. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed through the Consensus Standards for the Selection of Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias tool and the COSMIN Checklist. The quality of the pooled evidence and individual measurement properties will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and the COSMIN Criteria for Good Measurement Properties recommendations. Measurement properties of each instrument will be described, with the goal of developing a toolkit that identifies appropriate assessment tools for wheeled mobility use outcomes. PROSPERO: CRD4202276169.

#2020 The use of the target trial approach in kidney failure: a systematic methodological review

Abstract Background and Aims The concept of target trial emulation has recently been introduced and implemented in nephrology as a complement to when randomized trials may not be feasible. Thereby critical questions in the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions during kidney failure can be addressed. This methodological systematic review aims to evaluate the scope, validity and robustness of the target trial approach for studying outcomes in patients with kidney disease. Method MEDLINE, Embase, and reference lists were searched up until 1st June 2023 to identify studies on kidney disease patients that use target trial emulation. Dual study selection (AA, PK) was undertaken, with a third reviewer settling disagreements (JP). Interventional observational studies were eligible that used target trial emulation to mimic a hypothetical trial where the conduct of a randomized trial was unfeasible, unethical, or untimely. We included studies across the range of chronic kidney diseases, i.e., predialysis, dialysis and transplantation; studies assessing acute disease states (including acute kidney injury) were excluded as well as non-primary research (i.e., case series/editorials/reports/narrative reviews). The quality of reporting and risk of bias was assessed independently by three reviewers and differences resolved through consensus with a fourth reviewer. The critical appraisal was piloted using a previously published reporting checklist and refined throughout the process. Results The systematic search yielded 2883 studies, of which 649 duplicates were removed. From 2232 studies, 367 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility according to target trial emulation criteria and 74 studies were included. A large number of studies (47) focused on patients with kidney failure undergoing renal replacement therapy, mainly haemodialysis. 30 studies were reported before 2019. Of the 74 studies, 46 focused on pharmacological interventions, six on surgical interventions, four on transplantation and 18 on other interventions. Studies used either registries (41), health administration data (4), insurance data (5), electronic health records (15), study databases (8) or other (1). It should be noted that in multiple instances more than one data source was used. The majority (66) of studies did not explicitly mention target trial emulation in the title or abstract. Only a minority (8) of studies explicitly prespecified a target trial protocol. To mitigate confounding, studies mainly focused on exact matching of the groups by using inverse probability weighting and propensity score matching. Conclusion In the past decade the use of the target trial emulation framework in nephrology has substantially increased. However, reporting and quality of study conduct is variable and shows the clear need for a reporting framework to increase clarity and reliability, and to understand to what extent study findings are generalisable into clinical practice to improve health outcomes

The public health benefits of implementing environmental policies: A comprehensive review of recent studies

This comprehensive review explores the public health benefits of implementing environmental policies, focusing on recent studies from 2018 to 2024. The study aimed to systematically review and analyze the impact of environmental regulations on public health outcomes, identifying key benefits, challenges, and future directions. Utilizing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the research involved a detailed examination of peer-reviewed articles and reports from academic databases and reputable organizations. The inclusion criteria targeted studies explicitly evaluating the impact of environmental policies on public health, published in English within the specified timeframe. Key findings reveal significant public health benefits associated with environmental policies, particularly those targeting air and water quality improvements. These policies have led to notable reductions in morbidity and mortality rates associated with pollution-related diseases. The analysis also highlights the critical role of governance and regulatory frameworks in facilitating effective policy implementation and stakeholder engagement. However, challenges such as the evolving nature of environmental threats and the complexity of stakeholder interests pose obstacles to policy effectiveness. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers and environmental health practitioners, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, strengthened governance, leveraging technology, community engagement, and investment in research and education. Future research directions include longitudinal studies to assess long-term policy impacts, exploration of emerging environmental threats, and evaluation of innovative policy interventions. This review underscores the importance of environmental policies in promoting public health and outlines a roadmap for future policy-making at the intersection of environmental sustainability and public health. Keywords: Environmental Policies, Public Health, Governance and Regulatory Frameworks, Systematic Literature Review.

Mapping the foundations and evolution of career aspiration research: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeThis bibliometric literature review aims to uncover the (1) intellectual foundations and (2) topical evolution in the field of career aspiration research.Design/methodology/approachWe employed the systematic literature review methodology following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. According to the predetermined criteria, 286 articles were included from the Web of Science database. Then, we employed performance analysis, science mapping and natural language processing to address our research objectives.FindingsCo-citation analysis uncovered four foundational themes: (1) gender and leadership aspiration, (2) Social Cognitive Career Theory, (3) process of career development and (4) adolescents’ career aspiration. Moreover, co-word analysis showed that scholarly foci have shifted from adolescents’ career development to diverse streams. This shift was indicated by the exploration of additional research samples, such as university students, and topics related to specific aspirations (e.g. entrepreneurial and managerial aspirations) and gender issues (e.g. women leadership and gender stereotypes).Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this review has limitations related to data selection, it presents implications for practice, theory and future research on career aspirations.Originality/valueThe study illuminated the past and development of a research domain, thus advancing the understanding of career aspirations and inspiring future research.

Optimising Inventory Management Strategies for Cost Reduction in Supply Chains: A Systematic Review

This systematic review investigates and synthesises the complexities of optimising inventory management strategies for cost reduction in supply chains. The research utilised a systematic review methodology to comprehensively analyse inventory management strategies for cost reduction in supply chains, employing key search terms across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore. A total of 50 journals were initially identified, followed by a rigorous screening process based on pre-defined criteria, including 23 relevant published articles written in English. Examining global supply chain dynamics and sector-specific challenges in local inventory management, the review proposes three key strategies: Just-in-Time (JIT) and lean inventory practices, advanced analytics and predictive modelling, and collaborative supply chain partnerships. Drawing on empirical evidence and sector-specific examples, the review demonstrates the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating costs and enhancing overall supply chain efficiency. The policy implications underscore aligning business practices with proposed strategies, offering policymakers insights for formulating guidelines and incentives. Contributions to knowledge include a comprehensive framework for businesses to navigate contemporary supply chain challenges. At the same time, suggestions for further studies advocate for deeper explorations into emerging technologies and regional variations to refine and expand inventory management strategies.

A Comprehensive Study of Blockchain Technology and Its Role in Promoting Sustainability and Circularity across Large-Scale Industry

Blockchain technology has evolved as an innovative strategy that substantially transformed industries by offering a variety of applications across multiple domains including manufacturing, construction, supply chain, food, health, energy, transport and retailing industry. By offering a decentralized ledger that enables the source-tracking of materials and goods, blockchain enables a quick, safe, and open information platform. Blockchain is emerging around the globe in industries but limited studies have comprehensively examined its practical implementation toward industrial sustainability and circularity. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive and thoughtful discussion of blockchain demand, literature gaps in blockchain implementation, type of blockchain platforms in large-scale industries and their contribution toward sustainability by utilizing the systematic literature review methodology. The descriptive analysis of 185 selected articles by thematic analysis provides an overview of the emergence of blockchain over the years and its practical implications in large-scale industries. The novelty of the paper is the in-depth discussion of the major industries of the various sectors that are utilizing different blockchain frameworks, especially P2P, in order to achieve sustainability and circularity in economy. Furthermore, the challenges and barriers that hinder blockchain adoption have also been evaluated.

People's experiences of their involvement in nursing care: a systematic review protocol.

People's involvement and participation are the essential basis of nursing care. This phenomenon can be characterised as an approach based on the integration of the person's values, beliefs, and preferences during nursing care. This process contributes to improve the quality of care, satisfaction levels, and a better experience for people. To promote the person's participation in nursing care, it is necessary to better understand their experiences about this topic. To synthesise the available evidence on people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in a hospital setting. A systematic review that will be conducted according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. This review will consider studies with a qualitative approach, published and unpublished, in Portuguese, English and Spanish with no temporal limit, that include adults, aged 18 years or older, who have experienced an admission in a hospital; that explore people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in hospital wards settings. Findings will be presented using meta-aggregation approach and narrative format, and the final synthesised findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach. It is expected that this qualitative synthesis will inform people, health professionals and policymakers, allowing them to develop recommendations to promote the person's participation in nursing care.

Enhancing Foreign Language Learning Approaches to Promote Healthy Aging: A Systematic Review

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the best approaches to teaching a foreign language to older people to help them achieve the desired results and explore their benefits. This review strictly follows the PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews and meta-analyses to identify the core experimental studies that deal with the topic of foreign language learning approaches among the older generations. Altogether eight studies detected were included in the systematic review. The available sources were found in Web of Science and Scopus. The findings indicate that foreign language learning can promote seniors’ welfare and successful aging despite their learning outcomes, which means that the key benefit for third-age foreign language learners while learning a foreign language is not the achieved proficiency level, but the feeling of subjective satisfaction. This can be a good incentive to achieve better learning outcomes, provided that learners have been offered a pleasant and safe learning environment, using suitable learning approaches during which they can build on their acquired knowledge and experience, as well as discuss the topics they are interested in. Thus, foreign language teachers play an important part in seniors’ educational process because their teaching methods and materials when adapted to the elderly’s educational needs can have a positive impact on the maintenance and possibly, enhancement of the older people's cognitive functions and on the improvement of their mental activity, which consequently maintains their healthy aging.

Governmental student funding systems for higher education: an international perspective

The worldwide surge in demand for higher education (HE) aligns with an increasing need for effective student funding systems, particularly in countries where poverty poses a significant barrier to accessing HE. An international perspective on governmental student funding systems allows us to examine how other governments have implemented these systems to benefit their citizens. The aim of this article is thus to provide a global view of the functioning and challenges pertaining to student funding systems and to shed light on the policies in place in the international landscape. The realist systematic literature review methodology was deemed the most suitable for this study as various scholars have previously studied different facets of the topic. This study aligns with the interpretive research paradigm and qualitative methods. The desired information therefore already exists within the body of knowledge, although it has not yet been analyzed through this particular method. It is evident that both developing and developed countries experience challenges regarding student funding, both in the purpose thereof as well as in the implementation. This is a universal issue, and an in-depth literature review confirmed this phenomenon.

Silver nanoparticles forensic uses and toxicity on vital organs and different body systems

This study aimed to investigate the forensic uses and potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles on vital organs and different body systems. A systematic review methodology was used to identify and critically evaluate the literature on the forensic uses of silver nanoparticles in different fields and to assess their potential toxicity on various vital organs and body systems. The study found that silver nanoparticles have potential forensic uses, particularly in forensic biology and forensic toxicology, but there are concerns about their potential toxicity. The study recommends further research on the mechanisms of toxicity of silver nanoparticles and the development of safe and effective strategies for their use in forensic science. The study’s strengths include its systematic review methodology and use of multiple databases, while limitations include a limited time frame and focus on English language publications. Future research should focus on investigating the potential risks of silver nanoparticle exposure for forensic professionals.

Current trends in Tourism and Gastronomy: An Analysis in Urban and Rural Environments

In a context where gastronomic tourism has gained relevance, this systematic review article focuses on identifying current trends in the relationship between tourism and gastronomy in urban and rural environments. The main objective is to explore how the integration of technology, tourists' gastronomic preferences and gastronomic events impact the tourist experience. A systematic review methodology was used to analyze recent and relevant studies in indexed journals. The results highlight the importance of experiential tourism in urban environments, the appreciation of local gastronomy in rural environments and the diversification of gastronomic products as a key tourist resource. In conclusion, this study highlights the diversity of gastronomic preferences and experiences, underlining the need for future research that delves into the influence of technology and tourism promotion strategies on tourist gastronomy.

Implementing Lean 4.0: a review of case studies in pharmaceutical industry transformation

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review is to critically analyze pharmaceutical industry case studies on the implementation of Lean 4.0 methodologies to synthesize key lessons, benefits and best practices. The goal is to inform decisions and guide investments in related technologies for enhancing quality, compliance, efficiency and responsiveness across production and supply chain processes.Design/methodology/approachThe article utilized a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology following five phases: formulating research questions, locating relevant articles, selecting and evaluating articles, analyzing and synthesizing findings and reporting results. The SLR aimed to critically analyze pharmaceutical industry case studies on Lean 4.0 implementation to synthesize key lessons, benefits and best practices.FindingsKey findings reveal recurrent efficiency gains, obstacles around legacy system integration and data governance as well as necessary operator training investments alongside technological upgrades. On average, quality assurance reliability improved by over 50%, while inventory waste declined by 57% based on quantified metrics across documented initiatives synthesizing robotics, sensors and analytics.Research limitations/implicationsAs a comprehensive literature review, findings depend on available documented implementations within the search period rather than direct case evaluations. Reporting bias may also skew toward more successful accounts.Practical implicationsSynthesized implementation patterns, performance outcomes and concealed pitfalls provide pharmaceutical leaders with an evidence-based reference guide aiding adoption strategy development, resource planning and workforce transitioning crucial for Lean 4.0 assimilation.Originality/valueThis systematic assessment of pharmaceutical Lean 4.0 adoption offers an unprecedented perspective into the real-world issues, dependencies and modifications necessary for successful integration, absent from conceptual projections or isolated case studies alone until now.

The Potential Role of Urinary Microbiota in Bladder Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review.

The quantitative objective of the current systematic review was to identify the potential role of urinary microbiota in bladder cancer (BC) carcinogenesis, invasiveness, progression, and metastasis. The proposed systematic review was conducted in accordance with critical review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews. The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished studies up to the January 2024. A JBI appraisal checklist was used to assess possible biases. This systematic review was centered on 27 studies comprising 926 BC patients. Overall, 412 control individuals were compared with BC patients. The most common sampling method was midstream urine collection. Regarding microbial alpha diversity, there was no statistically significant difference between cancerous and healthy samples (n=8), recurrent and not recurrent (n=1), responders versus non-responders(n=1), tumor grades (n=1), and collection methods (n=1). However, five studies reported higher diversity in controls, and five other studies reported, conversely, high levels of alpha diversity in BC patients or recurrent cases. Furthermore, a responder (RE) to treatment and a non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) groups demonstrated significant difference with non-responder (NR) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), respectively. In terms of beta-diversity, nine studies reported significant diversity between BC patients and controls, one article demonstrated difference between recurrent and not recurrent patients, a study reported significant difference in RE and NR groups whereas another showed opposite, and others (n=4) did not find any difference between BC, controls, MIBC and NMIBC patients, or between tumor grades. One study reported a difference between the collection method and beta-diversity in males and another reported the difference in females. The included studies demonstrate that the composition of urinary microbiota is altered in patients with BC. However, the differentially enriched genera in the urine of these patients vary between studies, and there is too much heterogeneity across studies to make any reliable and valid conclusions. Furthermore, well-designed research is necessary to assess the role of microbiota in the carcinogenesis and progression of BC.

Methods and Applications of Space Understanding in Indoor Environment—A Decade Survey

The demand for digitizing manufacturing and controlling processes has been steadily increasing in recent years. Digitization relies on different techniques and equipment, which produces various data types and further influences the process of space understanding and area recognition. This paper provides an updated view of these data structures and high-level categories of techniques and methods leading to indoor environment segmentation and the discovery of its semantic meaning. To achieve this, we followed the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology and covered a wide range of solutions, from floor plan understanding through 3D model reconstruction and scene recognition to indoor navigation. Based on the obtained SLR results, we identified three different taxonomies (the taxonomy of underlying data type, of performed analysis process, and of accomplished task), which constitute different perspectives we can adopt to study the existing works in the field of space understanding. Our investigations clearly show that the progress of works in this field is accelerating, leading to more sophisticated techniques that rely on multidimensional structures and complex representations, while the processing itself has become focused on artificial intelligence-based methods.

Innovation green technology in the age of cybersecurity: Balancing sustainability goals with security concerns

This study explores the critical intersection of cybersecurity measures and green technologies, aiming to assess their combined impact on sustainability goals and stakeholder implications. Employing a systematic literature review methodology, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and reports from reputable databases, focusing on publications from the year 2010 to 2024. The review identifies key themes, including the integration challenges and opportunities of cybersecurity within sustainable technologies, the evolving landscape of cybersecurity protocols, and the strategic implications for industry leaders, policymakers, and technologists. Key insights reveal the dual imperative of pursuing sustainability alongside security, highlighting the necessity of integrating robust cybersecurity measures without compromising the environmental benefits of green technologies. The study identifies significant challenges at this nexus, such as the rapid evolution of cyber threats and the complexity of embedding cybersecurity in green innovations. It also outlines opportunities for innovation and the development of a security-aware culture that supports environmental sustainability. Strategic recommendations are provided for stakeholders to navigate these complexities, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary approaches, continuous learning, and the development of policies that encourage the adoption of secure and sustainable technologies. The study concludes that fostering innovation in green technology requires a concerted effort to integrate cybersecurity measures effectively, underscoring the need for future research to expand the knowledge frontiers in this critical area. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on achieving environmental sustainability and technological resilience, offering a foundation for further exploration and action towards these dual objectives. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Green Technologies, Sustainable Technological, Stakeholder Security Concerns.

The Ethical Principles in Ethical Guidance Documents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

The sudden onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was accompanied by a myriad of ethical issues that prompted the issuing of various ethical guidance documents for health care professionals in clinical, research, and public health settings throughout the United Kingdom (UK) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The aim of this review was to identify the main principles in ethical guidance documents published in the UK and Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review used a qualitative systematic review methodology with thematic synthesis to analyze the included ethics-related guidance documents, as defined in this review, published in the UK and Ireland from March 2020 through March 2022. The search included a general search in Google Scholar and a targeted search on the websites of the relevant professional bodies and public health authorities in the two countries. The ethical principles in these documents were analyzed using the constant comparative method (CCM). Forty-four guidance documents met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ten main ethical principles were identified, namely: fairness, honesty, minimizing harm, proportionality, responsibility, autonomy, respect, informed decision making, duty of care, and reciprocity. The guidelines did not present the ethical principles in equal detail. Some principles lacked definitions, leaving them vulnerable to misinterpretation by the documents' end users. Priority was frequently given to collectivist ethics over individualistic approaches. Further clarity is required in future ethical guidance documents to better guide health care professionals in similar situations.