Systematic Planning Approach Research Articles

Strengths and complementarity of systematic conservation planning and key biodiversity area approaches for spatial planning.

Developing biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans at a national level is the focus of Target 1 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). There are 2 general approaches to identifying areas of value for biodiversity plans: criteria-based, such as the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) process, and systematic conservation planning (SCP) approaches, which apply complementarity to efficiently achieve specific quantitative targets. We examined the benefits of both approaches and considered how the KBA approach can best complement SCP. We reviewed 200 papers articles that applied SCP to real-world data with the Marxan conservation design software. Our review showed that targets for biodiversity elements are poorly selected in many SCP publications, with more than 75% of the studies applying uniform percentage target amounts to planning elements. Uniform targets favor more widespread species and ecosystems that are likely to be more common and less important for conservation. The strengths and complementarities of KBA and SCP approaches were reviewed and we identified the elements from both approaches that should be considered for spatial planning to achieve Target 1 in the KMGBF. In particular, the global approach of KBAs (i.e., identifying sites of global significance for species or ecosystems) better complements SCP, which often has a national or subnational focus. The KMGBF will fail if conservation of globally significant sites is not targeted and these sites are not incorporated in national spatial planning.

Identifying temperature refuges in Utah using temperature, biota, and habitat data

AbstractUnderstanding where on landscapes to make investments, such as designating protected areas, is a critical component of biodiversity management. Locations for management actions should achieve current management objectives while also having the best chance of continued success in the future. Climate change has the potential to undermine biodiversity management, as it may lead to substantial changes in environmental conditions that are outside local managers' control. Following changes in environmental conditions, areas on the landscape may become unsuitable for the species or habitats that the initial actions were intended to benefit. The potential for local actions to be undermined by global‐scale threats makes it essential to account for and minimize exposure to temperature change. We present a series of analyses identifying priority areas for wildlife and habitat management. We conducted our analyses using a systematic landscape planning approach that identifies areas within species' ranges or current distributions of key habitats that are predicted to be less affected by future temperature change. We used the ranges of 142 animal and 149 plant species identified as species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) together with the distributions of 14 terrestrial and 19 aquatic key habitats in Utah, USA. We measured temperature change in 2 ways: as changes in mean annual temperature between 2020 and the year 2100 (temperature difference) and by quantifying how far a species range or habitat would have to shift to maintain its current temperature envelope (climate velocity). We identified the sub‐watersheds with hydrologic unit code 12 (HUC 12) that collectively encompassed the ranges of our SGCNs and key habitats while minimizing overall exposure to temperature change. These high priority HUC 12s represented areas that were not only hotspots for SGCNs and key habitats but also acted as temperature refugia, where management actions are likely to be robust to temperature change. We hope that our identification of high‐priority HUC 12s will help inform and guide future management actions to improve their long‐term outcomes.

TIMEWISE: Temporal Dynamics for Urban Resilience - theoretical insights and empirical reflections from Amsterdam and Mumbai

Increasing frequency of climate-related disruptions requires transformational responses over the lifecycles of interconnected urban systems with short- and long-term change dynamics. However, the aftermath of disruptions is often characterised by short-sighted decision-making, neglecting long-term urban shifts. In this study, we present a first attempt to develop the theoretical foundation for temporal dynamics for increasingly disrupted yet ”connecting and moving” cities that can be used in planning for urban resilience. Using the lens of climate urbanism, we conceptualise the interplay of temporal dynamics to empirically examine how planning practice perceives and addresses temporality in two regions - Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Mumbai, India. Our findings reinforce that disruptions do not inform long-term planning. Endogenous and exogenous dynamics of change are not viewed together nor used to embed short-term planning goals within long-term resilience visions. To address the lack of systematic planning approaches that can leverage temporal dynamics, we propose two options for temporally flexible urban planning processes.

An analysis of LULC changes for understanding the impact of anthropogenic activitieson food security: a case study of Dudhganga watershed, India.

Although the Dudhganga watershed is the primary water and food resource of the Kashmir Valley, it has undergone significant changes in food resources and strategies due to rampant urbanization in the area over the past 20years. This urbanization has had a profound impact on the watershed and has also affected land use and land cover (LULC) patterns and environmental changes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of urban development on food security parameters in the Dudhganga watershed area, India, from 2000 to 2020, by evaluating LULC changes. Additionally, the study aims to examine the relationship between climate changes and LULC indices, such as the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results indicate a 21.66% increase in barren areas, at the expense of snow-covered lands, during the 2000-2020 period. The primary land cover transition observed is towards barren areas. The predictions for LULC in 2030 highlight the need for careful management of land use and climate changes in the study area. This study can assist local government officials in reassessing food strategies by identifying areas where urban expansion should be controlled and climate impacts minimized, to prevent local hunger and ecological degradation. Therefore, the development of systematic urban planning approaches and mitigation of climate change sources are crucial. Furthermore, the adoption of advanced agricultural technology should be considered to mitigate the impact of urban expansion.

Formation of the Natural Framework During the Reorganization of Industrial Zones in Rostov-Na-Don

The current situation in the largest cities causes concern among residents and dictates the need to develop new systematic urban planning approaches aimed at creating a comfortable and safe living environment and preserving the natural and recreational framework of the city (hereinafter referred to as the NRF). he absence of regulations on the use of territories located in the vicinity of the NRF, an increase in the density of development leads to an increase in recreational load. Due to the fact that the object in question performs the functions of recreational value, the article substantiates the need for the formation of a NRF taking into account the reorganization of industrial zones. The task set has scientific and practical significance, aimed at improving the quality of urban planning, improving the state of natural conditions, ensuring sustainable territorial development of the city as a whole.

Technical Considerations for the Percutaneous Management of Post-MI Ventricular Septal Rupture

Percutaneous techniques in managing post-MI ventricular septal rupture (VSR) have given recourse to patients deemed at high or prohibitive risk. Given the rarity of this catastrophic complication, experience is limited. VSR anatomy – with its complex 3D shape and more emergent presentation – is dissimilar to its congenital counterparts, leading to unique imaging and procedural challenges. We review the literature on percutaneous device closure of post-infarction VSR and, using practical illustrative cases, describe a systematic planning and technical approach for performing this complex procedure.

Central Coast Regional Equity Initiative: Co-Creating and Actionizing a New Community-Led Equity Framework

We present a community-led equity framework as a foundation for promoting equity on the Central Coast of California. We discuss the key elements of a participatory, community-led evaluation and planning approach for the Central Coast Regional Equity Initiative, which aims to advocate for social, health, environmental, and economic equity through region-wide cross-sector collaboration, community and research-informed action, and an indigenized and decolonized approach. Through a systematic mixed-methods evaluation and planning approach, including Community Consultations and Strategic Action Planning, we found that our community’s lived experience contributes to a deeper understanding of inequities, and that engagement in cross-sector collaboration empowers our community to bridge data with action organizing. The findings demonstrate that engagement in community-led evaluation and planning contributes to a greater readiness for cross-sector collaborative action and a sense of community ownership of solutions to equity issues, and sets the stage for deeper-rooted, long-term success built on genuine reciprocity and trust. We present our community-led equity framework inviting others to adopt systematic community knowledge-base-building that values community wisdom, identifies power imbalance, promotes trust-building through healthy discomfort, and encourages reflective action.

Medical Equipment Maintenance Management System

Maintenance management is an orderly and systematic approach for planning, organizing, monitoring, and evaluating maintenance activities and their costs. A good maintenance management system coupled with knowledgeable and capable maintenance staff can prevent health and safety problems and environmental damage; yield longer asset life with fewer breakdowns, and result in lower operating costs and a higher quality of life. The medical equipment maintenance could be either preventive or corrective. The medical equipment management professionals ensure that equipment used in the patients care is operational, safe, and properly configured to meet the mission of the medical treatment facility and continue to function effectively in a good working condition. For example, proper maintenance can extend the life of equipment. This is essential for providing good health services and saving the scarce resources. A comprehensive review on the subject of medical devices maintenance management system has been done to give an overview of the development of this system in the hospitals and to shine what could be enhanced and improved in this system to promote the patient's healthcare.

Adjacency-Based Facility Layout Optimization for Shipyards: A Case Study

_ A shipyard located in Yalova, Turkey, with an annual processing capacity of 50,000 tons of steel, is studied to improve the layout to increase the production efficiency. The material and personnel traffic inside the shipyard is complex, considering the nature of the shipyards. Therefore, an adjacency-based optimization procedure has been adopted in this study since this procedure allows quantitative evaluation of these aspects. Systematic layout planning (SLP) and graph-theoretical approach were used to generate 12 alternative layouts. Then, the best alternative layout was selected using the efficiency rate method. This study demonstrates the use of SLP and graphic-theoretical approach in a maritime context and utilizes the efficiency rate method to compare the alternative layouts, which are between 48.91% and 73.91% efficiencies, respectively. This study is a novel contribution to the literature in terms of demonstrating this methodology for shipbuilding applications, and practical applications for the industry can improve the industry to improve the efficiency of their operations. Introduction In parallel with the increase in global economic growth and technological developments, new ships are needed for marine transportation, energy, security, fishing, etc. This need triggers a globally competitive environment for the production of vessels in a cheap and efficient manner, which directly affects the shipbuilding industry and shipyards (Odabasi 1993). The alignment of the production departments in the shipyard is critical for productivity. The shipyard should be optimized and designed as an efficient system to minimize unnecessary material and personnel traffic. On the other hand, the majority of shipyards are poorly designed. Facility layout deals with the placement of the production departments based on their relative relationship, and facility layout design aims to streamline the workflow and increase productivity (Muther & Hales 2015). Dixit et al. (2020) describe the facility layout as a physical arrangement of departments with a focus on workflow across the system to achieve highest operational efficiency at the lowest cost. Facilities layout is fundamental to shipyard efficiency. To address this gap in the literature, this paper examines the application of systematic layout planning (SLP) and graph-theoretical approach to the optimization of a specific facility layout.

Work Facilities Improvement Using Systematic Layout Planning to Reduce the Risk of Manual Handling

Manual material handling (MMH) activity is considered a major ergonomic risk factor in Indonesian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that leads to the onset or development of musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the low back. It may exaggerate the risk of injury or disorders. This study evaluates the recommended weight limit (RWL) at UD Fatikh Sport, a SMES sports shoe manufacturer. In addition, we also propose a facility layout redesign to reduce the ergonomic risks of manual material handling activities. The NIOSH lifting equation was used to determine the RWL at four departments and during MMH activities. The Lifting Index (LI) of the MMH activity exceeded the recommended value, which might raise the ergonomic risks. The risks worsened because the operator carried the load manually to several departments, which were located separately on the second floor, without any aid tools. Two designs of facility layout improvement were developed using a systematic layout planning (SLP) approach. The first design was focused on minimizing the transportation distance, while the space requirement of each department or MMH activities was emphasized in the second design. It aims to improve working conditions and reduce workers' fatigue. Further research should calculate the productivity and estimate its cost-efficiency before and after implementing the proposed layout.

Medical Equipment Maintenance Management System: Review and Analysis

Maintenance management is an orderly and systematic approach for planning, organizing, monitoring, and evaluating maintenance activities and their costs. A good maintenance management system coupled with knowledgeable and capable maintenance staff can prevent health and safety problems and environmental damage; yield longer asset life with fewer breakdowns; and result in lower operating costs and a higher quality of life. The medical equipment maintenance could be either preventive or corrective. The medical equipment management professionals ensure that equipment used in the patients care is operational, safe, and properly configured to meet the mission of the medical treatment facility and continue to function effectively in a good working condition. For example, proper maintenance can extend the life of equipment. This is essential for providing good health services and saving the scarce resources. A comprehensive review on the subject of medical device maintenance management system has been done to give an overview of the development of this system in the hospitals and to shine what could be enhanced and improved in this system to promote the patient healthcare.

Urbanization implications on hydro-meteorological parameters of Saroor Nagar Watershed of Telangana

Rapid urbanization in India is creating significant changes in the land use patterns of the country, which has had a considerable impact on the rainfall patterns, groundwater availability, and land surface temperature over the years. The primary objective of this research was to examine the implications of spatiotemporal variations of urban growth on the hydrometeorological parameters in the Saroor Nagar Watershed of Telangana, India between 2008 and 2020. The study is also aimed at identifying the correlation between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and spectral indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and SWIRED Index (SWIRED). The results revealed that the study area has witnessed remarkable growth in the built-up area, and a systematic increase in Land Surface Temperature. The built-up area has increased by 23%, rainfall by 40%, the surface temperature by 0.55°C per annum, and groundwater levels have decreased significantly. LST has a positive correlation with NDBI, SWIRED, and a negative correlation with NDVI. Our study would help land management specialists, planners, and local government officials in determining places where expansion must be curtailed to avoid additional environmental deterioration, thus aiding in the development of systematic urban planning approaches.

Urban fire station location planning using predicted demand and service quality index

In this article, we propose a systematic approach for fire station location planning. We develop machine learning models, based on Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting, for demand prediction and utilize the models further to define a generalized index to measure quality of fire service in urban settings. Our model is built upon spatial data collected from multiple different sources. Efficacy of proper facility planning depends on choice of candidates where fire stations can be located along with existing stations, if any. Also, the travel time from these candidates to demand locations need to be taken care of to maintain fire safety standard. Here, we propose a travel time-based clustering technique to identify suitable candidates. Finally, we develop an optimization problem to select best locations to install new fire stations. Our optimization problem is built upon maximum coverage problem, based on integer programming. We further develop a two-stage stochastic optimization model to characterize the confidence in our decision outcome. We present a detailed experimental study of our proposed approach in collaboration with city of Victoria Fire Department, MN, USA. Our demand prediction model achieves true positive rate of 80% and false positive rate of 20% approximately. We aid Victoria Fire Department to select a location for a new fire station using our approach. We present detailed results on improvement statistics by locating a new facility, as suggested by our methodology, in the city of Victoria.

A Novel Approach to Promote Evidence-Based Development of District Maternal and Newborn Health Plans in Two States in India.

Background:Maternal and child health implementation plan development in districts of India lacks systematic process and capacity resulting in suboptimal health improvements. There is ineffective and limited participation and lack of autonomy to effect changes in district priorities.Objectives:Primary objective was to demonstrate a systematic planning approach to develop evidence-based district implementation plans for mothers and children.Methods:A planning tool named RAASTA (RMNCH + A Action Agenda using Strategic Approach for evidence-based district work plans) adapted from WHO (World Health Organization) program review tools was used in the states of Uttarakhand and Jharkhand. The tool was implemented in the two states for the development of implementation plans in a 6-step process by prioritizing district health goals; reviewing maternal, neonatal, child, and family planning intervention coverage; and linking them with activity implementation status; assessing strengths, and weaknesses of previous implementation plans and developing solutions based on current gaps in intervention coverage's.Results:Tool was used for capacity building of 59 participants and also identification of prioritized activities based on their available data. Several newer activities were identified. The districts mainstreamed them as action plans, many of which were incorporated in the state Program Implementation Plan for budgetary provisions under state NHM (National Health Mission) funds.Conclusion:The use of a tool facilitated the systematic development of evidence-based district implementation plans.

Fault diagnosis for linear heterodirectional hyperbolic ODE–PDE systems using backstepping-based trajectory planning

This paper is concerned with the fault diagnosis problem for general linear heterodirectional hyperbolic ODE–PDE systems. A systematic solution is presented for additive time-varying actuator, process and sensor faults in the presence of disturbances. The faults and disturbances are represented by the solutions of finite-dimensional ODEs, which allow to take a large class of signals into account. For disturbances, that are only bounded, a threshold for secured fault diagnosis is derived. By applying integral transformations to the system an algebraic fault detection equation to detect faults in finite time is obtained. The corresponding integral kernels result from the realization of a finite-time transition between a non-equilibrium initial state and a vanishing final state of a hyperbolic ODE–PDE system. For this new challenging problem, a systematic trajectory planning approach is presented. In particular, this problem is facilitated by mapping the kernel equations into backstepping coordinates and tracing the solution of the transition problem back to a simple trajectory planning. The fault diagnosis for a 4 × 4 heterodirectional hyperbolic system coupled with a second order ODE demonstrates the results of the paper.

Systematic Conservation Planning at an Ocean Basin Scale: Identifying a Viable Network of Deep-Sea Protected Areas in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean

Designing conservation networks requires a well-structured framework for achieving essential objectives such as connectivity, replication or viability, and for considering local management and socioeconomic stakes. Although systematic conservation planning (SCP) approaches are increasingly used to inform such networks, their application remains challenging in large and poorly researched areas. This is especially the case in the deep sea, where SCP has rarely been applied, although growing awareness of the vulnerability of deep-sea ecosystems urges the implementation of conservation measures from local to international levels. This study aims to structure and evaluate a framework for SCP applicable to the deep sea, focusing on the identification of conservation priority networks for vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs), such as cold-water coral reefs, sponge grounds, or hydrothermal vents, and for key demersal fish species. Based on multi-objective prioritization, different conservation scenarios were investigated, allowing the impact of key elements such as connectivity and conservation cost to be evaluated. Our results show that continental margin slopes, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and deeper areas of large and productive shelves housing fishing grounds appeared as crucial zones for preserving the deep-sea biodiversity of the North Atlantic, and within the limitations imposed by the data available, of the Mediterranean. Using biologically-informed connectivity led to a more continuous and denser conservation network, without increasing the network size. Even when minimizing the overlap with socioeconomic activities, the inclusion of exploited areas was necessary to fulfil conservation objectives. Such areas included continental shelf fishing grounds for demersal fish species, and areas covered by deep-sea mining exploration contracts for hydrothermal vent communities. Covering 17% of the study area and protecting 55% of each feature on average, the identified priority network held a high conservation potential. However, these areas still suffer from poor protection, with 30% of them benefiting from some form of recognition and 11% only from protection against trawling. Integrating them into current marine spatial planning (MSP) discussions could foster the implementation of a basin-scale conservation network for the deep sea. Overall, this work established a framework for developing large-scale systematic planning, useful for managing Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ).

Promoting connectivity between priority freshwater sites for conservation in intermittent hydrological systems

AbstractSystematic conservation planning in freshwater ecosystems faces multiple challenges because of the dynamic nature of rivers and their multiple dimensions of connectivity. In intermittent hydrological systems connectivity is functional when water is available, allowing the exchange of aquatic individuals between isolated freshwater ecosystems. Integrating these isolated systems in their hydrological context is essential when identifying priority areas for conservation, in order to try to minimize the propagation of threats into target water bodies (management units) from the surrounding landscape.Here, the use of a systematic planning approach is demonstrated to identify a set of priority management units to preserve freshwater biodiversity in an arid system of fragmented water bodies immersed in a landscape subject to a range of impacts.Twenty‐six water‐dependent taxa from 59 mountain rock pools (gueltas) of three southern Mauritanian mountains were used as a case study. A conservation planning tool (marxan) was used to find priority conservation areas to integrate intermittent hydrological systems in their hydrological context, promote connectivity, and minimize the downstream propagation of threats. Three types of connectivity were analysed: (i) no connectivity, (ii) connectivity between gueltas, and (iii) connectivity between gueltas and sub‐catchments.Considering different types of longitudinal connectivity affects the number and spatial allocation of the priority gueltas selected, and the conservation status of the gueltas and their upstream areas. Incorporating connections between gueltas and upstream locations in the modelling resulted in the selection of gueltas in areas with a low human footprint and in the increased connectivity of the solutions.The results obtained revealed important locations for local biodiversity conservation, and the method presented can be used when assessing the propagation of potential waterborne threats into isolated management units. The framework developed allows connectivity to be addressed in conservation planning. It can be replicated in regions with similar isolated habitats that connect through intermittent hydrological systems and can also be applied to lateral and vertical hydrological connectivity.

An optimization model and traffic light control scheme for heterogeneous traffic systems

In this paper, one type of heterogeneous traffic network, which consists of signalized intersections and non-signalized ones, is analyzed and modelled with a macroscopic model and logic constraints, which involves the evolution of the number of vehicles on each link and the leaving flow dynamics at each intersection. We propose a novel model describing the dynamic behaviors of such a system and the proposed model is validated via road tests in Singapore traffic network and simulations in VISSIM. A piecewise linear model is adopted to describe the traffic flow dynamics at each signalized intersection, while a platooning-like first-in-first-out (FIFO) model is proposed to depict the dynamics at each non-signalized intersection. A traffic light control problem for a heterogeneous traffic network is formulated based on the proposed macroscopic model as a mixed integer programming problem. Simulations indicate that the proposed optimal traffic control scheme could outperform the fixed-time traffic light control strategy and conventional actuated traffic light control scheme. Besides, we demonstrate potentials in developing a systematic planning approach on deciding which traffic intersections require signal control to ensure good traffic control performance.

A systematic approach for planning, analyzing and evaluating internal material provision

Efficient material supply is a key requirement for production and assembly processes, but the related planning process is complex due to different factors influencing internal material provision. Different strategies and techniques for storage, order picking and transportation of components as well as for material flow control exist. In this paper, a holistic approach for planning, analyzing and evaluating internal material provision is introduced, influencing factors are revealed and a brief planning guideline is presented. An evaluation approach is pointed out based on qualitative, quantitative and monetary aspects. Finally, the planning approach is applied in a specific use case analyzing different planning variants such as line stocking, kitting and a hybrid solution for material provision at assembly stations in medical technology industry.

LAYOUT PLANNING FLOOR PRODUCTION BREAD FACTORY USING SYSTEMATIC LAYOUT PLANNING METHODS

Tight competition in the food industry especially bread does not shrink the sales of bread produced by CV. Anni Bakery, but there are some problems that arise at this time, the limited production floor which is increasingly narrow due to increased production without adjusting existing capacity and the irregular placement of production floor facilities. The background is used as a reference for the company to create a new factory. The purpose of this study is to propose the layout of production floor facilities with the right facility layout so that the cost of transferring materials is small. The systematic layout planning (SLP) approach was used. The result performance of the 1st proposal layout obtained material handling distance of 405 meters while in the 2nd proposal layout the material handling distance becomes 386 meters. The cost of moving the proposed material to 1 obtained a total cost of 22,644,300 rupiah per month, while in the second material transfer fee the total cost of 21,993,825 rupiah per month. Based on the alternative initial layout and the proposed layout, the most suitable layout is the second proposal layout.. So this facility layout plan is feasible for new factory to create.