Systematic Cues Research Articles

The Influence of Cognitive and Emotional Factors on Social Media Users' Information-Sharing Behaviours during Crises: The Moderating Role of the Construal Level and the Mediating Role of the Emotional Response.

Understanding the intricate dynamics of social media users' information-sharing behaviours during crises is essential for effective public opinion management. While various scholarly efforts have attempted to uncover the factors influencing information sharing through different lenses, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Building upon the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) and construal level theory (CLT), this study explores the complex mechanisms that govern social media users' information-sharing behaviours. The results indicate that both cognition and emotion play crucial roles in shaping users' information-sharing behaviours, with systematic cues having the most significant impact on information-sharing behaviours. In terms of heuristic cues, positive emotions are more influential on information-sharing behaviours than primary cognition and negative emotions. Furthermore, spatial distance emerges as a key moderator, influencing individuals' levels of engagement in information sharing. Emotion also acts as a mediator, connecting cognition to information sharing. This study provides insights into the sophisticated mechanisms of information sharing during crises, offering valuable implications for emergency management agencies to utilise social media for targeted public opinion guidance.

Achieving popularity to attract more patients via free knowledge sharing in the online health community

PurposeFree knowledge sharing in the online health community has been widely documented. However, whether free knowledge sharing can help physicians accumulate popularity and further the accumulated popularity can help physicians attract patients remain unclear. To unveil these gaps, this study aims to examine how physicians' popularity are affected by their free knowledge sharing, how the relationship between free knowledge sharing and popularity is moderated by professional capital, and how the popularity finally impacts patients' attraction.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collect a panel dataset from Hepatitis B within an online health community platform with 10,888 observations from April 2020 to August 2020. The authors develop a model that integrates free knowledge sharing, popularity, professional capital, and patients' attraction. The hierarchical regression model is used to for examining the impact of free knowledge sharing on physicians' popularity and further investigating the impact of popularity on patients' attraction.FindingsThe authors find that the quantity of articles acted as the heuristic cue and the quality of articles acted as the systematic cue have positive effect on physicians' popularity, and this effect is strengthened by physicians' professional capital. Furthermore, physicians' popularity positively influences their patients' attraction.Originality/valueThis study reveals the aggregation of physicians' popularity and patients' attraction within online health communities and provides practical implications for managers in online health communities.

How information processing and risk/benefit perception affect COVID-19 vaccination intention of users in online health communities.

To investigate the relationship among information processing, risk/benefit perception and the COVID-19 vaccination intention of OHCs users with the heuristic-systematic model (HSM). This study conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire via an online survey among Chinese adults. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to examine the research hypotheses. Systematic information processing positively influenced benefit perception, and heuristic information processing positively influenced risk perception. Benefit perception had a significant positive effect on users' vaccination intention. Risk perception had a negative impact on vaccination intention. Findings revealed that differences in information processing methods affect users' perceptions of risk and benefit, which decide their vaccination intention. Online health communities can provide more systematic cues and users should process information systematically to increase their perceived benefits, consequently increase their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.

Infusing new insights: How do review novelty and inconsistency shape the usefulness of online travel reviews?

Review usefulness represents a vital indicator for evaluating the quality of online reviews in the tourism industry, and various heuristic cues have been recognized as determinants of this indicator. This study constructs a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the heuristic-systematic model to observe how two systematic cues, namely, review novelty and inconsistency, shape the perceived usefulness of reviews. Through an empirical analysis based on 1,744,693 reviews of 62,543 restaurants in the United States, we unveil a positive effect of review novelty on review usefulness but a negative effect of review inconsistency. We also underscore the moderating effects of several heuristic cues in the model, including review valence, reviewer expertise, and restaurant popularity. These results indicate that systematic and heuristic cues simultaneously and interactively determine review usefulness. The findings present theoretical implications to the literature and practical implications to hospitality professionals and designers/managers of review platforms.

Effects of personalization and source expertise on users' health beliefs and usage intention toward health chatbots: Evidence from an online experiment.

ObjectiveBased on the heuristic–systematic model (HSM) and health belief model (HBM), this study aims to investigate how personalization and source expertise in responses from a health chatbot influence users’ health belief-related factors (i.e. perceived benefits, self-efficacy and privacy concerns) as well as usage intention.MethodsA 2 (personalization vs. non-personalization) × 2 (source expertise vs. non-source expertise) online between-subject experiment was designed. Participants were recruited in China between April and May 2021. Data from 260 valid observations were used for the data analysis.ResultsSource expertise moderated the effects of personalization on health belief factors. Perceived benefits and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between personalization and usage intention when the source expertise cue was presented. However, the privacy concerns were not influenced by personalization and source expertise and did not significantly affect usage intention toward the health chatbot.DiscussionThis study verified that in the health chatbot context, source expertise as a heuristic cue may be a necessary condition for effects of the systematic cue (i.e. personalization), which supports the HSM's arguments. By introducing the HBM in the chatbot experiment, this study is expected to provide new insights into the acceptance of healthcare AI consulting services.

The effects of ad heuristic and systematic cues on consumer brand awareness and purchase intention: Investigating the bias effect of heuristic information processing

With growing numbers of digital users, social media advertising becomes a vital marketing channel for attracting and sustaining consumers. Drawing on the heuristic-systematic model, this research investigates the effects of advertisement systematic cues including ad informativeness and ad persuasiveness, and ad heuristic cue which is ad poster category on the consumer brand awareness, and the sequential effect on consumer purchase intention. An experimental design featuring two categories of ad poster, namely, firm and influencer, is created for empirical evidence collection. Results show that ad informativeness and ad persuasiveness contribute to greater consumer brand awareness and purchase intention. The poster category can positively bias the influence of ad informativeness, and firm poster outperforms the influencer poster when controlling the advertisement content the same. The findings demonstrate the co-occurrence of heuristic and systematic information processing in the social media advertising context. This research deepens current understanding of social media advertising and provides practical implications for marketers to capitalize on different ad posters according to advertisement informativeness and persuasiveness feature.

The Efficacy of an Explicit Intervention Approach to Improve Past Tense Marking for Early School-Age Children With Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a theoretically motivated explicit intervention approach to improve regular past tense marking for early school-age children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Method Twenty-one children with DLD (ages 5;9-6;9 [years;months]) were included in a crossover randomized controlled trial (intervention, n = 10; waiting control, n = 11). Intervention included once-weekly sessions over 10 weeks using the SHAPE CODING system, in combination with a systematic cueing hierarchy to teach past tense marking. Once the first group completed intervention, the waiting control group crossed over to the intervention condition. The primary outcome was criterion-referenced measures of past tense marking with standardized measures of expressive and receptive grammar as the secondary outcome. Ancillary analyses on extension and behavioral control measures of morphosyntax were also conducted. Results There was a significant Time × Group interaction (p < .001) with a significant difference in pre-post intervention improvement in favor of the intervention group (p < .001, d = 3.03). Further analysis once both groups had received the intervention revealed no improvement for either group on past tense production during the 5-week pre-intervention period, significant improvement pre-post intervention (p < .001, d = 1.22), with gains maintained for 5 weeks postintervention. No significant differences were found on pre- to postintervention standardized measures of grammar, or on extension or control measures. Conclusions The efficacy of the theoretically motivated explicit grammar intervention was demonstrated. Results contribute to the evidence base supporting this intervention to improve past tense production in early school-age children with DLD, suggesting it is a viable option for clinicians to select when treating morphosyntactic difficulties for this population. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13345202.

Antecedents of Trust and Adoption Intention toward Artificially Intelligent Recommendation Systems in Travel Planning: A Heuristic–Systematic Model

Drawing on the dual process theory, this study investigates the impacts of systematic and heuristic cues on travelers’ cognitive trust, emotional trust, and adoption intention toward artificial intelligence (AI)–based recommendation systems in travel planning. The moderating effect of perceived risk is also examined. Two studies with both scenario-based surveys and lab experiment approaches are conducted. Findings suggest that while travelers utilize both systematic and heuristic cues, effects of systematic cues on adoption as a decision aid is stronger than the effects of heuristic cues. Emotional trust has a stronger impact on intention to adopt as a delegated agent than cognitive trust. Perceived risk moderates the relationships between systematic and heuristic cues, trust, and adoption intentions. When travelers perceive high risk, they rely more on systematic cues through building cognitive trust. However, when the level of perceived risk is low, travelers depend more on heuristic cues through establishing emotional trust.

Vote or not? How various information cues affect helpfulness voting of online reviews

PurposeThe helpfulness vote is a type of aggregate user representation that, by measuring the quality of an online review based on certain criteria, can allow readers to find helpful reviews more quickly. Although widely applied in practice, the effectiveness of the voting mechanism is unsatisfactory. This paper uses the heuristic–systematic model and the theory of dynamics of reviews to shed light on the effect of various information cues (product ratings, word count and product attributes in the textual content of reviews) on online reviews’ aggregative voting process. It proposes a conceptual model of seven empirically tested hypotheses.Design/methodology/approachA dataset of user-generated online hotel reviews (n = 6,099) was automatically extracted from Ctrip.com. In order to measure the variable of product attributes as a systematic cue, the paper uses Chinese word segmentation, a part-of-speech tag and word frequency statistics to analyze online textual content. To verify the seven hypotheses, SPSS 17.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression.FindingsThe results show that the aggregative process of helpfulness voting can be divided into two stages, initial and cumulative voting, depending on whether voting is affected by the previous votes. Heuristic (product ratings, word count) and systematic cues (product attributes in the textual content) respectively exert a greater impact on the two stages. Furthermore, the interaction of heuristic and systematic cues plays an important role in both stages, with a stronger impact on the cumulative voting stage and a weaker one on the initial stage.Practical implicationsThis paper’s findings can be used to explore improvements to helpfulness voting by aligning it with an individual’s information process strategy, such as by providing more explicating heuristic cues, developing different methods of presenting relevant cues to promote the voting decision at different stages, and specifying the cognitive mechanisms when designing the functions and features of helpfulness voting.Originality/valueThis study explores the aggregative process of helpfulness votes, drawing on the study of the dynamics of online reviews for the first time. It also contributes to the understanding of the influence of various information cues on the process from an information process perspective.

Achieving mobile social media popularity to enhance customer acquisition

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw on social exchange theory and heuristic–systematic model to examine how peer-to-peer (P2P) lending firms can enhance their customer acquisition by achieving mobile social media popularity.Design/methodology/approachContent data collected from multiple sources (websites and mobile applications) were employed to validate the research model.FindingsThe mobile social media popularity of P2P lending firms positively influences their customer acquisition. Furthermore, the heuristic cues (i.e. source credibility and content freshness) and the systematic cue (i.e. transaction relevance) potentially affect the firms’ mobile social media popularity.Research limitations/implicationsMobile social media is not only a platform for firms’ image-building but a critical means of acquiring actual customers. The appropriate use of heuristic–systematic cues in a mobile interface is useful for firms to achieve high user popularity despite the challenges derived from the mobile context.Practical implicationsTo achieve higher user popularity in the competitive online world, firms should dedicate greater effort in determining the adequate heuristic–systematic cues designed for the interface of their mobile social media account. The effect of popularity can then help the firms acquire more customers.Originality/valueThis study extends the understanding of social exchange in the context of mobile social media accounts and enriches the knowledge on business value of mobile social media popularity. This paper also contributes to the literature by relating heuristic–systematic cues to firms’ mobile social media popularity.

The role of conflicting online reviews in consumers’ attitude ambivalence

ABSTRACT The extant literature overlooks conflicting online hotel reviews from the perspective of online and offline factors and their effect on attitude ambivalence, which determines consumer behavior. The present study fills this research gap using the heuristic–systematic model of information processing and examines: (1) how conflicting customer star ratings (i.e. heuristic cues) and opinions about hotel attributes (i.e. systematic cues) engender attitude ambivalence, (2) how offline interpersonal informational influence moderates the relationship between conflicting reviews and attitude ambivalence, and (3) relational impact on purchase intentions. The data collected from 382 inbound tourists in Beijing, China reveal the positive effect of conflicting star ratings and opinions about hotel attributes on attitude ambivalence, which lowers consumers’ purchase intentions. This study also finds a significant role of offline interpersonal informational influence as a moderator. Theoretical implications are provided, and findings have strategic managerial implications with the acknowledgement of limitations and directions for future scholars.

Assessing the Factors that Drive Consumers’ Intention to Continue Using Online Travel Agencies : A Heuristic-systematic Model Perspective

As the growth of online travel agencies (hereafter OTAs) accelerates, competition among hotels to gain exposure on the first page of OTA websites, and the financial burden, such as commissions hotels have to pay in return, are increasing. Therefore, to facilitate successful management in the tourism industry, it is important to establish what makes people continue the practice of using OTAs to book rooms in hotels and other accommodation outlets. By adopting the heuristic-systematic model (HSM), this study explores the factors that drive consumers’ continued use of OTA and classifies them into heuristic cues (brand awareness, cost saving, and scarcity message) and systematic cues (recommendation quality and the ability to provide reputation). Furthermore, we divided the sample based on the location of hotels within and outside Korea, and investigated the different roles of the cues between two models. The results are expected to provide theoretical and practical implications for both OTAs and hotels.

Practice effect and cueing of 2-minute walk test, 6-minute walk test and 10-meter walk test in frail older adults with and without dementia - Recommendations to walk tests protocols

1) To determine if there was a practice effect associated with walk tests performed by frail older adults with and without dementia, 2) to examine the role of systematic cueing in the walk tests for those with dementia, and 3) to make recommendations to testing protocols of the walk tests for frail older adults with and without dementia. Residential and day care facilities. 44 frail older adults with normal cognition (NON-DEM) and 39 older adults with Alzheimer's disease or dementia (DEM) who were able to walk independently for at least 15 m. All the participants completed multiple trials of 2-minute walk test (2MWT), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and 10-meter walk test (10MeWT) on three separate testing occasions. The DEM group was facilitated to complete the walk tests using a progressive cueing system. Significant increases in the walking performance within the same testing occasion were found in the 2MWT (NON-DEM: p = .002; DEM: p ≤ .044) and 6MWT (NON-DEM: p ≤ .004; DEM: p ≤ .002) for both groups but only in the 10MeWT (p ≤ .023) for the DEM group. Significant increases in the walking performance across testing occasions were shown in the 2MWT (p ≤ .047), 6MWT (p ≤ .005) and 10MeWT (p ≤ .039) for the NON-DEM group but not the DEM group (all p > .05). Multivariate regression analyses showed that the cognitive function of the DEM group was independently and inversely associated with the level of cueing provided during the walk tests (p ≤ .007). Practice effect associated with the walk tests was found within and across testing occasions for frail older adults with normal cognition, and only within the same testing occasion for those with dementia. Systematic cueing should be provided for those with dementia to complete the walk tests. Testing protocols of the walk tests have been recommended for these two population groups.

소셜커머스 호텔 객실상품 구매에 영향을 주는 메시지 정보 탐색과 호텔성급에 따른 차이 연구

This paper tried to investigate what kind of information influences consumers who purchase hotel rooms through social commerce. Whether this information varies depending on the hotel star-rating was also investigated through the application of the heuristic-systematic model to the information that appeared on the social commerce purchase webpage. Specifically, the quantity limitation and the time limit were set for the heuristic cue. The geographical distance and the social commerce offering price were set in the systematic cue. As a result of the study, it was found that the quantity limitation and geographical distance had a significant effect on purchase increase. Differences in information according to hotel star-rating showed a significant difference between the time limit and the social commerce offering price. Based on the results of the research, academic and practical implications for social commerce companies and hotels are discussed. This study contributes to the theoretical expansion of HSM by applying it to social commerce product information and carrying out empirical analysis. In addition, by using web data for analysis, we expanded a research area that was insufficient regarding social commerce and hotels.

Individual differences in second language speech perception across tasks and contrasts: The case of English vowel contrasts by Korean learners

Abstract: The present study examines whether individual differences in second language (L2) learners’ perceptual cue weighting strategies reflect systematic abilities. We tested whether cue weights indicate proficiency in perception using a naturalistic discrimination task as well as whether cue weights are related across contrasts for individual learners. Twenty-four native Korean learners of English completed a two-alternative forced choice identification task on /ɪ/-/i/ and /ɛ/-/æ/ contrasts varying orthogonally in formant frequency and duration to determine their perceptual cue weights. They also completed a two-talker AX discrimination task on natural productions of the same vowels. In the cue-weighting task, we found that individual L2 learners varied greatly in the extent to which they relied on particular phonetic cues. However, individual learners’ perceptual weighting strategies were consistent across contrasts. We also found that more native-like performance on this task – reliance on spectral differences over duration – was related to better recognition of naturally produced vowels in the discrimination task. Therefore, the present study confirms earlier reports that learners vary in the extent to which they rely on particular phonetic cues. Additionally, our results demonstrate that these individual differences reflect systematic cue use across contrasts as well as the ability to discriminate naturally produced stimuli.

Generating an image that affords slant perception from stereo, without pictorial cues

This paper describes an algorithm for generating a planar image that when tilted provides stereo cues to slant, without contamination from pictorial gradients. As the stimuli derived from this image are ultimately intended for use in studies of slant perception under magnification, a further requirement is that the generated image be suitable for high-definition printing or display on a monitor. A first stage generates an image consisting of overlapping edges with sufficient density that when zoomed, edges that nearly span the original scale are replaced with newly emergent content that leaves the visible edge statistics unchanged. A second stage reduces intensity clumping while preserving edges by enforcing a broad dynamic range across the image. Spectral analyses demonstrate that the low-frequency content of the resulting image, which would correspond to the pictorial cue of texture gradient changes under slant, (a) has a power fall-off deviating from 1/f noise (to which the visual system is particularly sensitive), and (b) does not offer systematic cues under changes in scale or slant. Two behavioral experiments tested whether the algorithm generates stimuli that offer cues to slant under stereo viewing only, and not when disparities are eliminated. With a particular adjustment of dynamic range (and nearly so with the other version that was tested), participants viewing without stereo cues were essentially unable to discriminate slanted from flat (frontal) stimuli, and when slant was reported, they failed to discriminate its direction. In contrast, non-stereo viewing of a control stimulus with pictorial cues, as well as stereoscopic observation, consistently allowed participants to perceive slant correctly. Experiment 2 further showed that these results generalized across a population of different stimuli from the same generation process and demonstrated that the process did not substitute biased slant cues.

Mothers’ Infant-Directed Gaze During Object Demonstration Highlights Action Boundaries and Goals

When demonstrating objects to young children, parents use specialized action features, called “motionese,” which elicit attention and facilitate imitation. We hypothesized that the timing of mothers' infant-directed eye gaze in such interactions may provide systematic cues to the structure of action. We asked 35 mothers to demonstrate a series of tasks on objects to their 7- and 12-mo-old infants, with three objects affording enabling sequences leading to a salient goal, and three objects affording arbitrary sequences with no goal. We found that mothers' infant-directed gaze was more aligned with action boundary points than expected by chance, and was particularly tightly aligned with the final actions of enabling sequences. For 7- but not 12-mo-olds, mothers spent more time with arbitrary than enabling-sequence objects, and provided especially tight alignment for action initiations relative to completions. These findings suggest that infants may be privy to patterns of information in mothers' gaze which signal action boundaries and particularly highlight action goals, and that these patterns shift based on the age or knowledge state of the learner.

Promises and Lies: Can Observers Detect Deception

Although economic and social relationships can involve deception (Gneezy 2005), such relationships are often governed by informal contracts that require trust (Berg et al.1995). While important advances have been made concerning deception in economics, the research has focused little on written forms of communication. Are there certain systematic cues that signal written communications as dishonest? Are those signals accurately detected and used by message receivers? We fill this gap by studying messages written in a novel three-person trust game; (we call it the “Mistress Game”). We find that: (1) messages that use encompassing terms, or a greater number of words, are significantly more likely to be viewed as promises; and (2) promises that mention money are significantly more likely to be trusted. Notwithstanding the latter finding, we find senders who mention money within their promises to be significantly less likely to keep their word than those who do not; observers respond to cues but in the wrong way.

The role of online informediaries for consumers

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to find the role of online informediaries on the perspective of price comparison and information aggregator. Specifically, the author wants to explain how the level of product involvement moderates the effect of price dispersion and product information quality on attitude toward product in online informediaries.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study are obtained from a three‐way factorial experimental research design. Data were collected from 258 college students who have an experience with an online informediary. Combining ANCOVA and regression analysis enables the study of attitude formation and yields encouraging results.FindingsThe study finds that high‐involvement consumers focus on systematic cues (e.g. product attributes) in evaluating product quality. However, when they feel that their initial search yields insufficient results, causing them to perceive more product performance risk, they search for additional cues (e.g. price dispersion). Low‐involvement consumers are mainly affected by price dispersion, which is a heuristic cue, and they evaluate the product more favorably under a high (vs low) level of price dispersion.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to consider and empirically test a heuristic‐systematic model for attitude toward product in online informediaries. It also uniquely tests the level of price dispersion to discern the important motivating factors.

Reproducibility of gait variability measures in people with Alzheimer's disease

Gait variability may be especially important to measure in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as it is related to risk of falling and may reflect the cognitive demand of walking. Its usefulness as an outcome measure in people with AD is currently limited by the lack of published evaluation of its reproducibility. Therefore measures of temporal and spatial gait variability were recorded using an instrumented mat on two occasions, one week apart in 16 community-dwelling people with mild to moderate probable AD. Data were combined in three ways for analysis: all available strides; all available strides from walks with mean velocity within 10cm/s of each other; and the first 12 strides from the second method. Measures of velocity, stride length and cadence variability were all found to have good reliability using an average of 64 strides from velocity-matched walks (ICC3,1 0.77–0.90) however only stride length variability reached acceptable reliability for a clinical test (ICC3,1 0.9). Estimates of the number of strides required to reach an ICC of 0.9 for velocity, cadence and stride width variability were between 169 and 212. Poor to moderate reliability of gait variability measures was obtained using 12 strides. Minimal detectable change values, calculated to reflect absolute agreement, appear to be feasible and may assist with evaluation of interventions to improve gait. Further research should examine the effects on reproducibility of gait variability measures, of systematic cueing aimed at producing consistent, optimal walking in larger groups with a range of dementia type and severity.