Systematic Body Of Knowledge Research Articles

Tendencias de investigación sobre comunicación interna en revistas internacionales: 2015-2021

Academia and organizations tend to agree on the importance they give to internal communication as a discipline of knowledge and as a strategic issue in organizational management. However, many organizations omit the systematic application of this type of communication and the academy has not produced, to date, a systematic body of knowledge. In order for these situations to be recognized and worked on, research work is necessary to build an integrating theoretical body. What this work proposes is to review the publications on internal communication (IC) to inquire about the recent advance in this knowledge and its applications. To accomplish this, four of the most important academic journals on communication in organizations were reviewed according to the SCImago Journal & Country Rank. They are: Public Relations Review, Management Communication Quarterly, International Journal of Strategic Communication and Journal of Communication Management. The period of analysis was carried out between 2015 and 2021. Bibliometric indicators used were: the number of articles on internal communication published, broken down by journal, year and number, most used words and phrases. The authors were also studied by analyzing the number of signatures per article, who published more on internal communication, as well as the most cited experts. The results in the 125 issues reveal a discreet presence of IC since of 1278 articles published, 126 dealt with the subject, which represented 9.87% of the total. The journal that published the most on IC was Public Relations Review with 38 articles, followed by Management Communication Quarterly with 35. Journal of Communication Management edited 32 articles, leaving International Journal of Strategic Communication as the journal that dealt with the subject the least with 21. All journals made special editions on various topics, but the Journal of Communication Management was the only one that made an extraordinary edition dedicated to IC under the title Internal Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic published in volume 25, number 3, July 2021. The most productive year for IC was 2021 with 32 articles. Throughout the period, 55 issues were published without articles on IC, 36 with one, 20 with two, nine with three, four with four articles and only one issue with seven, the special edition. Among the most used words are employee (s), social, strategic, engagement, media and crisis. And the most used phrase after “internal communication” is “social media”. The most cited author was also the most productive in the period studied: Lijuan Rita Men. Other authors who published multiple times included Cen April Yue, Ana Tkalac Verčič, Jeong Nam Kim, and Vibeke Thøis Madsen. James Grunig, Ansgar Zerfass, François Cooren, Linda L. Putnam, Mary Welch, and W. Timothy Coombs were also frequently cited. In conclusion, and despite the increased interest caused by the pandemic, internal communication is not a priority issue in the reviewed journals. A greater emphasis on normative and instrumental aspects was also detected, with a clear orientation towards the solution of specific organizational problems, that is, a functionalist perspective, centered on management. This article seeks to support both scholars and professionals of internal communication, leaving within their reach, in addition to this review, the challenge of increasing research to generate knowledge in internal organizational communication.

Subjetividades da Comunicação Científica: a educação e a divulgação científicas no Brasil têm sido estremecidas em tempos de pós-verdade?

O neologismo pós-verdade é uma metonímia contemporânea para pensarmos o léxico verdade sob diferentes perspectivas. O principal objetivo deste ensaio é descrever, discutir e examinar como o fenômeno da pós-verdade tem se constituído e interferido na educação e na divulgação científicas. Assumimos uma atitude crítica frente ao problema da pós-verdade, procurando discutir seus reflexos na educação, e fortalecer as plataformas e as políticas públicas voltadas à educação e à divulgação científicas no Brasil contemporâneo. Defendemos que a verdade, como bem material (enquanto corpo sistematizado de conhecimento) e simbólico, parece diluir-se e enfraquecer-se no debate público, especialmente com novos ambientes de tecnologias digitais (Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, entre outros), nos quais circulam de forma indiscriminada e acrítica informações, fatos, fake news, corroborando para o estabelecimento de um estado de pós-verdade em que o que vale são os bytes de informação. Essa informação pode ser falsa (e muitas vezes é), o que desperta emoções através de mecanismos de persuasão. Nós, então, pensamos e argumentamos que subjetividades que pouco levam em conta fatos, evidências, convicção científica, epistemológica, política (ou cosmopolítica) tendem a ser nefastas à educação e à divulgação científicas.

Promoting Access and Protecting Indigenous Knowledge in Nigeria: The Role of Public Libraries

Indigenous/traditional knowledge is a local-based knowledge that is unique to a given culture in a given community. It is a systematic body of knowledge acquired by local people through accumulation of experiences without any proper documentation. It is a knowledge passed through word of mouth from one generation to the other. The purpose of this study was to assess the various ways in which libraries could assist in collecting and promoting access to indigenous knowledge for the library users. The study also poked the ways of protecting indigenous knowledge through the enforcement of intellectual property law. Digitisation and ICT facilities as tools for preservation and easy access were also mentioned. Challenges faced by the libraries in collecting information on indigenous knowledge were stated. Also policy issues that Nigerian Government needs to address about Indigenous Knowledge were listed. The study recommended ways by which accessibility of indigenous knowledge in the libraries could be improved.

Computation and fabrication of scaled prototypes

The formal, functional, and material attributes of design are routinely investigated through the construction of physical models and scaled prototypes. With the increasing adoption of computational workflows, the digital to physical translation process is central to the construction of scaled prototypes. However, the choice of methods, tools and materials for computational prototyping is a developing area. Therefore a systematic body of knowledge on the benefits and costs of multiple methods of computational prototyping for the construction of physical prototypes need to be identified. This paper addresses the prototyping process through the comparison of three computational methods of fabrication through the modelling, analysis and construction of a Gaussian Vault. It reports on the process of digital to physical construction using additive manufacturing, surface fabrication and structural component models. The Gaussian Vault offers a unique set of geometric, structural and physical characteristics for testing all three methods of prototyping. The size, shape and proportion of vault prototypes are rapidly generated and tested. The design geometry, material properties and physical construction of the Gaussian Vault are realised using commonly used practice workflows comprising parametric modelling and analysis of geometry, model rationalisation with material characteristics and finally the use of digital fabrication methods. Comparison of the results identifies the characteristics, benefits and limitations of the three approaches. Finally the paper discusses the digital to physical translation processes and summarises the characteristics, benefits and issues encountered in each.

The Romantic Absolute

In this article I argue that the Early German Romantics understand the absolute, or being, to be an infinite whole encompassing all the things of the world and all their causal relations. The Romantics argue that we strive endlessly to know this whole but only acquire an expanding, increasingly systematic body of knowledge about finite things, a system of knowledge which can never be completed. We strive to know the whole, the Romantics claim, because we have an original feeling of it that motivates our striving. I then examine two different Romantic accounts of this feeling. The first, given by Novalis, is that feeling gives us a kind of access to the absolute which logically precedes any conceptualisation. I argue that this account is problematic and that a second account, offered by Friedrich Schlegel, is preferable. On this account, we feel the absolute in that we intuit it aesthetically in certain natural phenomena. This form of intuition is partly cognitive and partly non-cognitive, and therefore it motivates us to strive to convert our intuition into full knowledge.

As vicissitudes da pesquisa e da teoria no campo da política social

É fato conhecido que nenhuma disciplina científica ou corpo sistematizado de conhecimentos é produzido sem o concurso da pesquisa. Mas, o que nem todos sabem é que a construção do conhecimento não depende só do uso correto, competente e imaginoso de metodologias. Ao lado da aplicação de métodos e técnicas de captação e compreensão da realidade, há de se proceder previamente à delimitação do campo temático do estudo, ou a demarcação da problemática central, a partir do qual será possível decidir pela metodologia mais apropriada. É que sem uma definição adequada da temática, muitas descobertas ditas científicas, porque baseadas apenas em metodologias confiáveis, tornam-se pouco pertinentes e sem sentido de prioridade. Daí por que toda e qualquer produção de conhecimento científico precisa realizar a unidade de duas dimensões principais: a metodológica e a substantiva.

Moving Governance Research Forward: A Contingency-Based Framework and Data Application

The purpose of this article is to present an initial framework for understanding nonprofit board governance and then, using findings from the Urban Institute National Survey of Nonprofit Governance, explore relationships between variables presented in the framework. The framework is based on a recent review of the literature and highlights the ways in which internal organizational characteristics, board attributes, and the external environment influence board roles and responsibilities. In brief, our results confirm the importance of developing a more systematic body of knowledge about relationships between specific elements of context and board practices. The results suggest that the proposed contingency-based framework is a useful beginning point for future research.

A Companion to Roman Rhetoric (review)

Reviewed by: A Companion to Roman Rhetoric Aislinn Melchior William Dominik and Jon Hall (eds.). A Companion to Roman Rhetoric. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2007. Pp. xix, 523. $149.95. ISBN 978-1-4051-2091-3. This Blackwell Companion successfully communicates the efflorescence of Roman rhetorical practices and the centrality of rhetoric in Roman thought. There are recurring points: the influence of Greek on Latin rhetoric and Rome's attendant struggle to create her own identity, as well as the contestation of both an evolutionary model (derived primarily from Cicero's writings) and [End Page 356] a model of decline (drawn principally from Tacitus' Dialogus). Because the approach of the editors is inclusive, dissenting voices do appear, imbuing the volume with an intellectual vibrancy that is rare in this genre. Following a survey of modern critical approaches, Part One attempts to excavate native Roman rhetoric, even seeking traces in Roman comedy. Despite the attempt here to reach back in time, the temporal range of the collection remains mostly within the first centuries, framed by Cicero on one side, Quintilian, Seneca, and Tacitus on the other. Likewise, although there is a chapter on the Second Sophistic and another on the afterlife of Roman rhetoric, forays into later periods are rare. Part One is rounded out by Sciarrino's discussion of Cato Maior and Gaius Gracchus in which she quotes a fascinating fragment from De Sumpto Suo that appears to show Cato in the act of composition. Stroup treats the way that Latin both influenced and appropriated its Greek models. The overarching themes that emerge are the tensions inherent in imperial expansion and the richness of the cultural ferment in second-century Rome. Part Two discusses the cultural role and contexts of oratorical performance and opens with a chapter on declamation. Such education was the purview of the elite and Corbeill argues that the Controversiae were ultimately conservative, reinforcing traditional values. Republican practice, centered upon political and historical themes, contrasts with that of the empire where the focus was instead upon the social hierarchy. Ramsey demonstrates the fungible nature of the written artifact by listing the letters where Cicero contemplated making changes to his speeches. In an elegant chapter, Rees contextualizes panegyric as a mistrusted Greek form during the republic and traces its rise to become a stamp of Romanitas in the late antique period. Other offerings explore the anxieties underlying rhetoric's obsessive discourse on gender or tackle political realities (e.g., contiones, patron-client relationships, and senatorial procedure). The third section maps how rhetoric was approached as "a systematic body of knowledge" (6) and contains chapters on humor, elocutio, and delivery. Gaines, covering the handbook tradition, provides a tidy summary of the differences between De Inventione and Rhetorica ad Herennium. Small points out, in her chapter on mnemotechnics, that rather than disappearing with the advent of writing, the ability to keep records led to a proliferation of memory technologies. Once words could be fixed, the desire for exact reproduction increased, much as modern concertgoers expect a pop star to perform a hit song note for note. Part Four moves away from the exploration of technical systems to look at language practitioners such as grammarians. Here the idealized orator appears as imagined by men who were orators themselves. Cicero's desire to crown himself the ideal contrasts with the wistful backward glances of imperial authors. These writings display a certain optimistic insistence upon the marriage of goodness and persuasion. The closing section demonstrates some of the insights offered by viewing literature through the lens of rhetoric. While not all of the readings were entirely successful, these chapters serve as a thematic bookend to the collection. They revisit again the polarized view of persuasion, well attested in many of the Latin sources, as a medium of Roman power and yet still somehow unsettling, still a bit Greek. Damon, in her chapter on historiography, tests the limits of inventio in history and offers a useful corrective to pessimistic views of the genre's evidential value. The danger is minimization; that recognizing rhetoric becomes a charge of merely rhetoric, and so undermines the foundation of truth upon which historical...

The Influence of Ethical Theories in the Practice of Health Education

Health educators increasingly need to have an awareness and appreciation for various ethical traditions as they develop and implement interventions that serve disparate populations, representing different cultural, racial, and faith traditions. Informed consent, right of privacy, confidentiality, anonymity, beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect/autonomy, justice, and others are often cited as principles in health education practice (Beauchamp & Childress, 1994; McDermott & Sarvella, 1999). Perhaps as important for the practice of health education is the need to understand the ethical traditions from which these principles are derived. Ethics is a systematic body of knowledge whose subject matter is human conduct. An ethical theory provides a framework whereby an agent is able to evaluate whether human actions are acceptable. Whereas health education curricula emphasize the social sciences, which describes human behavior as it is, ethics reflects on what ought to be done. Well-known types of ethical theories include natural law, utilitarianism, Kantianism, liberal rights, cultural relativism, and others. In addition, evolving out of the metaethical project initiated by G. E. Moore, are intuitionism, emotivism, prescriptivism, descriptivism, and contextualism. Metaethics concentrates on the language of moral discourse and has moved away from normative ethics, which focuses on the action and the agent. Adherence to any of these ethical theories has implications for health education practice. Health education necessarily entails engagement in controversial areas, where proposed solutions to perceived health problems, consciously or unconsciously, originate from an ethical tradition. Health educators have ethical frameworks that guide their behaviors and what they think is right or wrong, good or bad, normal or not normal. The Health Education Code of Ethics can further assist in serving as a guideline. Dissonance may occur, however, when a health educator encounters someone from a different ethical tradition, which, if not resolved, may lead to ineffective health promotion endeavors. Ethical traditions include normative and relativistic ethics. Relativistic theories assume that ethical rules are formed by each community and are relevant and authoritative only for people in that community, that moral rules are unnatural and obedience to them is only the result of public opinion, and that might makes right. In contrast to this relativistic position are the normative ethical theories, such as the natural law theory, which assume that principles are universal. This tradition, which originated with the Greeks and is the foundation for many mainstream religious traditions, is based on a teleology or final cause. Everything in nature has a distinct end to achieve or a function to fulfill. Aristotle thought that every art and every inquiry and similarly every action and pursuit aimed at some good, which was the special function of a thing (Stumpf, 1983). For example, apple trees have a certain nature. To have good apple trees, a person must act toward these trees in accord with their nature. The person must give them water, good soil with proper nutrients, and sunlight in order to produce good apple trees. If trees fail to produce apples, then the cultivator is doing something wrong and, if good apples are produced, something right. Humans similarly have a distinctive nature. As the proper function of an apple tree is not revealed by opinion but by analysis of the tree’s nature, appropriate human behavior is discovered by analysis of human nature. What implications does the interaction between ethical traditions have for health education practice? Usually there is agreement on what constitutes a problem despite the pluralism of American society. Differences most often occur in etiological descriptions and proposed solutions. Ethical competency is most crucial here. For example, some of the most controversial topics relate to sex and sexuality. Most people coming from various ethical traditions can agree that teen pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease

Monitoring: The slow cousin of evaluation, or an equal partner?

Evaluators often regard monitoring as playing a secondary and relatively simple role compared to evaluation proper. This paper argues that this view underestimates the potential of monitoring information in enhancing the value of evaluative work, in particular to increase the ‘half-life’ of evaluation findings. Moreover, it suggests the possibility of a more dynamic interchange between monitoring and evaluation. Specifically, monitoring complements the fragmented and ad-hoc nature of evaluation work, so that the process of monitoring presents an opportunity to develop a framework within which individual evaluations can exist. Drawing on program logic and CMO theory, the key to this interchange is to build of systematic body of knowledge and theory that drives, and is in turn informed by, evaluation and monitoring. The work within the Department of Work and Income New Zealand provides an example of an attempt at implementing such a framework.

The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Behavioral Consultation: Differing Perspectives About Epistemology and What We Know

The astute reader, after some study of the previous two articles, will note a fundamental difference: We (Witt, Gresham, & Noell, this issue) propose that data supporting the efficacy of behavioral consultation (BC) is such that we would categorize BC as 'Not Proven Effective' and Erchul and Schulte (this issue), with some qualification, argue that BC should be categorized as 'Proven Effective.' The differences between the two articles derive from important epistemological, logical, and philosophical differences about the accrual of data into a systematic body of knowledge. In this article, we highlight the areas of difference with the goal of improving our knowledge base about BC, which we hope continues to evolve as a practice and a science. We address three topics: (a) epistemology, (b) functional analysis versus problem analysis, and (c) efficiency versus effectiveness.

Nursing research in HIV/AIDS home care, Part 1: Importance and methods.

One of the primary goals of nursing research is to develop a systematic body of knowledge to guide nursing practice. In the community setting, an extremely useful method of research is the exploratory field study, which can be used to discover important variables that may exist in real-life situations. This study reflects an analysis of the problems that were identified in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in New York City who were referred for home care services. Part I presents an overview of nursing research methods, focusing on an actual field study in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome home care; Part II describes the results and implications for nursing.

Persian Classical Music in Israel: A Preliminary Report

musical culture of immigrant populations, studying their relationship to the music of countries of origin or home countries, and of host countries, assessing degrees and kinds of change and stability resulting from their immigrant and, normally, also their minority status. A considerable body of knowledge has been built up about the folklore and folk music of non-English speaking immigrant groups in the United States and Canada, producing hypotheses of typical musical behavior that reinforce theories about stability as related to marginal survival of archaic culture traits, about the development of syncretistic styles, and about gradual modernization, Westernization, and Anglicization (linguistic and cultural) of older European musical traditions.' Research along these lines is, of course, related, and has substantially contributed to, the rather large but so far not highly systematized body of knowledge regarding the role of music in culture change and about the processes of musical change itself.2 A number of other venues could provide comparative and possibly corroborative data, for while North America is one of the large areas comprised of a well-defined majority population with many immigrant minorities, other, perhaps smaller and more concentrated areas, have played similar roles in the social history of the world in recent decades. Israel is widely cited among these.3

Critical Issues in Black Studies: A Selective Analysis

Black Studies is the most recent mass expression of a venerable tradition of Afro-centric scholarship among African-Americans.' This tradition has sought to incorporate scholarly pursuits with (1) the transmission of knowledge relevant to the individual and group achievements of African-Americans, (2) the vindication of Black people from scholastic and ideological onslaughts against them, and (3) the creation and application of means for African-American group problem-solving. Proposed in the mid-1960s as a theoretical critique of and practical departure from the racist-elitist aspects of Euro-American scholarship and schooling, the essence of Black Studies has been to bring a critical analysis of the black experience into the educational process. This was to be done by infusing the realities of African-American life into that process, by changing the process itself through articulation of the needs of Black liberation, and, by working toward established goals. In this task, a wedding of scholarship to community development was to transpire. Black Studies was to be a bold and audacious new approach to social change through education. Black Studies, then, refers to the attempt to create a systematic body of knowledge and experience based in the history of Black people. Black Studies theory and practice examines and enhances

Behavioural Toxicology: A New Opportunity for Occupational Therapists

The present paper describes the newly developing field of behavioural toxicology which, it is proposed, provides opportunities for occupational therapists to fill roles that have not been available to them in the past. The paper suggests the potential nature of such roles and discusses contributions they, in turn, may make to additional advances in occupational therapy as a systematic body of knowledge and skills.

Speculations About Problems in Conducting Research with Public Offenders

Problems in conducting research with public offenders are legion. These problems include the lack of a systematic body of knowledge, the lack of avenues of dissemination of information, the lack of a data base describing the situation as it is now, and the lack of communication and/or rapport between researchers and many criminal justice staff members. In addition, ethical concerns about human research are becoming more evident and need to be dealt with. While a few ways of coping with these problems are mentioned, solutions often depend almost entirely on the quality of the setting and the individuals involved in it.

Algorithms and computational complexity

Computer programming was and, in many cases, still is an art rather than a science. Programs are often written without the benefit of any design theory, analysis techniques, or awareness of what others in the field have done. Recently, however, a systematic body of knowledge concerning the design, analysis, and implementation of computer algorithms has begun to emerge. This paper highlights some current developments in this field and shows how proper design techniques can lead to order-of-magnitude improvements in program performance.