System Wide Information Management Research Articles

Interoperable data exchange for safe and efficient launch and re-entry operations in an international environment

The frequency of commercial space launch and re-entry operations is increasing worldwide. Current regulations and procedures ensure safe operations by temporarily closing large volumes of airspace where risks to aircraft would exist in case of non-nominal events during launch or re-entry operations. To maintain the safety of air traffic as the number of space operations rises, effectively providing the right information to the right stakeholders at the right time is key. Through a cooperative agreement, the FAA and DLR are sharing their unique capabilities using the Commercial Space Integration Lab and Air Traffic Validation Center, located in the USA and Germany respectively, to improve situational awareness through real-time data exchange. The project seeks to answer whether U.S. and European ANSPs can respond adequately to a non-nominal event during a launch or re-entry operation that presents a hazard to the airspace system. It leverages existing international data standards and infrastructures by using a data exchange approach based on System Wide Information Management (SWIM). Within the project an initial assessment of the processes, roles and responsibilities for implementing launch and re-entry events in the air traffic systems on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as the requirements for basic functions and performance parameters of a SWIM-based integration, have been completed. The project developed a demonstration model across all system levels as far down as to the ANSPs, namely to the air traffic controllers. Through a series of demonstrations, covering launch scenarios from the U.S. with possible effects on European airspace and vice versa, the project evaluated the technical and operational feasibility of the concept. The key data parameters identified during the analyses shall enable information sharing among various users within the U.S. and European global airspace system. It has been shown, that the systems on both sides of the Atlantic could be connected via standardized protocols und used successfully for exercises in different scenarios. Further research on the best integration of the processes in international Air Traffic Management (ATM) networks and domains will be the follow-on.

Search mechanism for data contents based on bloom filter and tree hybrid structure in system wide information management

AbstractThe system wide information management (SWIM) system infrastructure layer uses information‐centric networking (ICN) to implement the cache routing and sharing of air traffic information data. The SWIM network searches and forwards routes on the basis of content names. The variable length, hierarchical name structure, and routing updates caused by the frequent publication and deletion of content make the implementation of fast name routing lookup algorithms a significant but arduous task. To address this problem, this study designed a name matching mechanism on the basis of the hybrid structure of the Bloom filter and the Tree. Compared with the traditional Bloom filter search scheme, this search mechanism reduces the quantity of Bloom filter insertion entries and reduces the possibility of hash collisions. Compared with the traditional Tree search scheme, the proposed mechanism can effectively solve the problem of numerous memory accesses caused by extremely long name prefixes, improving the query efficiency. In addition, the proposed composite structure is compared with several methods, such as DIPIT and NPT, by analyzing the effects of layering, global delay and search speed. The experimental results show that the proposed structure has a favourable performance in terms of storage overhead and search speed.

Unified identity authentication scheme of system wide information management based on SAML-PKI-LDAP

Unified identity authentication scheme of system wide information management based on SAML-PKI-LDAP

Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme Based on Blockchain and Consistent Hash Algorithm for System-Wide Information Management

Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme Based on Blockchain and Consistent Hash Algorithm for System-Wide Information Management

Wind velocity field estimation from aircraft derived data using Gaussian process regression.

Wind velocity field knowledge is crucial for the future air traffic management paradigm and is key in many applications, such as aircraft performance studies. This paper addresses the problem of spatio-temporal windc velocity field estimation. The north and east wind components within a given air space are estimated as a function of time. Both wind velocity field reconstruction in space for a past or present time instant and short-term prediction are performed. Wind data are obtained indirectly from the states of the aircraft broadcast by the Mode-S and ADS-B aircraft surveillance systems. The Gaussian process regression method, which is a flexible and universal estimator, is employed to solve both problems. Under general conditions, the method is statistically consistent, meaning that the method converges to the ground truth when increasingly more data are available, which is especially interesting, since aircraft data availability is expected to grow in the future through the deployment of the European System-Wide Information Management. Besides estimation, the Gaussian process regression method provides the probability distribution of any particular estimate, allowing confidence intervals to be computed. Moreover, the spatial modelling is performed using raw data without relying on grids and estimation can be performed at any spatio-temporal location. Furthermore, since the training phase of the method described in this paper is fast, requiring less than 5 minutes on a standard desktop computer, it can be used online to continuously track the state of the wind velocity field, thus allowing for data assimilation. In the case study presented in this paper, the Gaussian process regression method is tested on different days with different wind intensities. The available data set is split into several training and testing data sets, which are used to check the consistency of the results of wind velocity field reconstruction and prediction. Finally, the Gaussian process regression method is validated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data. The obtained results show that Gaussian process regression can be used to reliably estimate the wind velocity field from aircraft derived data.

MANAJEMEN INSIDEN KEAMANAN CYBER DI DOMAIN PENERBANGAN

Cyber Security Incident Management has an important role in the aviation domain. Information sharing between air traffic control (ATC) and ground traffic management (GTM) is System Wide Information Management (SWIM), which causes the need for the concept of cyber security management in the aviation domain. Current studies are limited to studying the needs and solutions to improve these capabilities. So, there is a great need for cyber security incident management in a system-wide information management (SWIM) system in the future. This study is a review of the literature. The author conducted a search for references related to the security of privacy data. A method for evaluating, evaluating, and synthesising the results of research works and ideas produced by researchers and practises that is systematic, explicit, and explicit. The main purpose of implementing System Wide Management is to empower the business from the traffic management that will be generated by ensuring the regularly regulated data management is delivered to the ideal individual at the right time. risk management to be able to minimise various obstacles that may occur during the execution of the project. Risk is generally defined as the combination of the likelihood of an event and its consequences (ISO Guide 73). The point is that the business target is not being met. COBIT 5 for Risk characterises IT risk as a business risk, particularly business risk related to the utilization, operation, inclusion, impact, and acceptance of IT in a business. It has described the cybersecurity incident management scheme in the domain based on existing standards and good practices. It is hoped that this can be applied in the aviation domain in the future. This led to an increase in the broad concept of information systems management services. So that it can be a reference for improving incident management in the aviation world and as a reference for research related to cyber security in the aviation world.

Research on Access Control Scheme of System Wide Information Management Based on Attribute Association

System wide information management (SWIM) involves civil aviation system control, intelligence, alarm, traffic, and other data. These data are transmitted in various forms, making SWIM system vulnerable to sensitive information leakage, data tampering, denial, and other security threats. In this article, an attribute-based air traffic management (ATM) information access control scheme is proposed to solve the security threat of SWIM. An improved extensible access control markup language (XACML) authorization model is established, combining linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS) matrix structure and monotone span program (MSP); an attribute association algorithm is designed to establish the attribute association relationship between services and users. Experimental results show that the attribute association algorithm improves the time complexity, but the algorithm can support richer policy representation capability, and the proposed ATM information access control scheme is more efficient and can effectively reduce the space cost. This scheme can achieve more fine-grained and flexible access control.

Impact of NOTAM on security and efficiency performance of flights (overview)

The purpose of this work is to analyze and assess the impact of NOTAM on the flight safety and efficiency. The main problems associated with NOTAM were considered: number of NOTAMs, the practical use of NOTAM information, technical limitations of the current NOTAM system. Examples of the negative impact of NOTAM on the quality of air navigation support, safety and efficiency of flights are presented. Also, the best practice of solving problems, related to NOTAM in the world, is presented with using: Q-code and flight planning systems (on the example of Lido Flight 4D). The concept of the European AIS Database (EAD), developed on the basis of the Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM), is presented. The concept of Digital NOTAM, implemented on the basis of AIXM and intended for the exchange, automatic processing and interpretation of the dynamic aeronautical data, is considered. The research studies the new modernized NOTAM system – Federal NOTAM System (FNS – Federal NOTAM System), developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States, which allows encoding the Digital NOTAM. ICAO's plans for the transition from the concept of Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) to the Aeronautical Information Management (AIM), applying the principles of the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) concept, were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the current NOTAM system and the modernized NOTAM system (FNS from FAA), conclusions were drawn that the implementation of Digital NOTAM should solve the technical part of the problems associated with NOTAM, brought about by the use of modern communications (internet) and new data exchange standards (AIXM), which, as a result, will lead to an increase in the level of safety and efficiency of flights. At the same time, problems with NOTAM caused by human factors remain unresolved, due to incorrect use of the NOTAM instrument.

Unified Identity Authentication Scheme of System Wide Information Management Based on SAML-PKI-LDAP

Unified Identity Authentication Scheme of System Wide Information Management Based on SAML-PKI-LDAP

DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF 2D FLIGHT PLANNING SEARCH ENGINE CONSIDERING FUSION OF SWIM DATA

Flight planning is one of the essential factors of the airline operation. The selection of routes will determine the economic value of the flight. However, some conditions may prevent the flight to use the most optimum route due to airspace restriction or weather condition. The research aims to develop a search engine program that uses dynamic flight parameters that considers fusion of System Wide Information Management (SWIM) data including weather data and NOTAM to produce the most optimum route in 2D flight planning. The Dijkstra’s pathfinding is implemented in Python programming language to produce the flight plan. The navigation data used is enroute airway in Indonesian FIR regions. The scenario used is a flight from Jakarta to Makassar with duration of 2 hours flight with considering the effect of restricted airspace and weather blockage during in-flight. The study also uses the optimum route produced by the algorithm to be compared with the possible alternate routes to define how optimum the route is. Adding a restricted airspace parameter will result in a new optimum flight plan that able avoids the airspace and the most minimum distance. The effect of external wind parameter could influence the optimum route which may vary depends on the speed of the wind.

Challenges and lessons learned introducing an evolving open source technology into an established legacy Ada and C++ program

When the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) launched the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) initiative, the FAA had the goal of using the same portable, open infrastructure across all participating systems in the National Airspace System (NAS). Around 2008 for SWIM Segment 1, the FAA chose Iona Software's Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) based bundle, which was known and supported under the Fuse brand. The FAA obtained the licenses used by programs, including EnRoute Automation Modernization (ERAM), through Iona, which was later acquired by Progress and RedHat.

Aircraft trajectory prediction and synchronization for air traffic management applications

Commercial aircraft operating today are faced with an air traffic management (ATM) system operating with methods that have been developed for a paper- and voice-based system. Important information can be both different and unavailable to the various automation systems supporting decision makers. The consequence of such an environment is that automation systems suffer from inconsistency and inaccuracy. Faced with such a basis for decision making, the ATM environment is highly tactical by necessity. Aircraft operators may plan to optimize their operations in the face of uncertain or unknown information, but these plans are superseded as the tactical situation evolves. In response to these limitations, ATM research and modernization programs are underway across multiple regions of the world. While differences exist between these programs, these align with a single global vision as articulated by the International Civil Aviation Organization's Global Air Traffic Management Operational Concept. One key aspect is the migration to Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) under which each flight is represented with a trajectory that is shared, managed, and used as a common plan for the flight. Decision-support automation for both the aircraft operator and air navigation service providers can use the same trajectory information for planning and tactical decision making, leveraging System Wide Information Management (SWIM). Achieving TBO requires more accurate trajectory prediction and synchronization across participants. This paper reviews research applicable to trajectory prediction throughout the trajectory prediction process, addresses differences in decision-making structures, and considers trajectory synchronization research applicable to TBO. Where possible, operational realities are identified concluding with future research and validation needs for TBO across the entire process from inputs to a synchronized trajectory.

A Hybrid SWIM Data Naming Scheme Based on TLC Structure

Aiming at the problem of low interconnection efficiency caused by the wide variety of data in SWIM (System-Wide Information Management) and the inconsistent data naming methods, this paper proposes a new TLC (Type-Length-Content) structure hybrid data naming scheme combined with Bloom filters. This solution can meet the uniqueness and durability requirements of SWIM data names, solve the “suffix loopholes” encountered in prefix-based route aggregation in hierarchical naming, and realize scalable and effective route state aggregation. Simulation verification results show that the hybrid naming scheme is better than prefix-based aggregation in the probability of route identification errors. In terms of search time, this scheme has increased by 17.8% and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the commonly used hierarchical and flat naming methods. Compared with the other two naming methods, scalability has increased by 19.1% and 18.4%, respectively.

Information-Centric Networking Cache Robustness Strategy for System Wide Information Management

This study focused on the data center overload and resource allocation imbalance problem during the task processing of System Wide Information Management (SWIM). The Information-Centric Networking (ICN) technology was adopted in the infrastructure level of SWIM. In order to guarantee the cache performance of ICN in SWIM, and reduce the impact of cache node failure on the network cache performance, a double-layer network structure cache robustness strategy (CRS) based on content popularity and node importance was proposed. Some of the most popular content on the selected special backup node and general node was cached to ensure that a cache node failure would not significantly affect network cache performance. The results of the experimental simulation performed on the ndnSIM platform showed that this strategy is more robustness and has a better cache-hit ratio than other cache methods, which can ensure the network cache performance of the SWIM.

Research on SWIM Services Dynamic Migration Method

Air traffic management (ATM) plays an important role in maintaining and promoting air traffic safety, maintaining air traffic order and ensuring smooth air traffic. As the core of air traffic management, it is essential to ensure the safe and stable operation of system-wide information management (SWIM). Facing the complex and ever-changing network environment, a SWIM services dynamic migration method is proposed in this paper. This method combines SWIM core services to select destination nodes and migrate services. The experiment proves that the method can hide the service node while ensuring service continuity and increase the difficulty of malicious detection. By comparing with others, this method is more suitable for SWIM in terms of invulnerability. The throughput and delay performance of the method can meet the needs of SWIM.

The Adoption of Network-Centric Data Sharing in Air Traffic Management

Network-centric sharing of data between all Air Traffic Management (ATM) stakeholders can improve the aviation network substantially. The System Wide Information Management (SWIM) platform is a platform for the open sharing of all information between aircraft operators, airports, air navigation services providers (ANSPs), and meteorology services, but has struggled to find a following. This article aims to identify the potential reasons for the slow adoption of the SWIM platform, and to investigate how to better communicate its potential. To gain insight into the drivers for each of the stakeholders, a series of semi-structured interviews was conducted with airlines, airports and ANSPs. Moreover, an Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) initiative at the airport in Dublin was included as a case study. Recommendations are provided on how to address the results from a governance point of view.

Ant Colony Optimization Task Scheduling Algorithm for SWIM Based on Load Balancing

This paper focuses on the load imbalance problem in System Wide Information Management (SWIM) task scheduling. In order to meet the quality requirements of users for task completion, we studied large-scale network information system task scheduling methods. Combined with the traditional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, using the hardware performance quality index and load standard deviation function of SWIM resource nodes to update the pheromone, a SWIM ant colony task scheduling algorithm based on load balancing (ACTS-LB) is presented in this paper. The experimental simulation results show that the ACTS-LB algorithm performance is better than the traditional min-min algorithm, ACO algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. It not only reduces the task execution time and improves the utilization of system resources, but also can maintain SWIM in a more load balanced state.

Simulation-supported aviation cyber-security risk analysis: a case study

Air Traffic Management (ATM) is based on complex processes carried out by several ATM entities, e.g., air traffic control, air traffic flow management and aeronautical information services. The results of these processes rely on the information passed between entities. Respective developments like those outlined in ICAOs Global Air Navigation Plan increase even further the complexity of this federated “system of systems”. Notably the concept of system-wide information management provides efficiency gains for the collaboration of airspace users, airports and air traffic management providers. However, this complexity and dynamic changes provide the ground for “gaps and flanks” between the elements, i.e., in terms of affected individual technical systems and information flows. Recent reports show that such vulnerabilities are explored in aviation similarly to other so called critical infrastructures. And while it is obvious that the failure of ATM elements will impair or even stop air traffic the impact of cyber-attacks on information integrity is less obvious. Thus, a continuous threat and risk analysis is important. This motivated the Air Traffic Resilience (ARIEL) project team to select attacks on the integrity of flight data as a use case for the scenario-oriented and model-based approach for aviation cyber security risk assessment. As part of the overall threat and risk analysis approach of ARIEL, an estimation of the threat potential of a selected attack scenario is made with the aid of an air traffic simulator. Thus, this makes it possible to quantify the threat to the system. The work presented here focuses on the use of simulation methodologies for aviation cyber security risk assessment with different variants of a flight plan data manipulation scenario. How the air traffic simulator TrafficSim could be used to estimate threat potential is presented along a discussion that focusses on approaches for the identification of such abnormalities that need to be counteracted or to treated to minimize its impact.

Toward Smarter Autoflight Control System Infrastructure

The Internet of Flying Things and related emerging technologies, such as the System-Wide Information Management Infrastructure of the Federal Aviation Administration NextGen program, present numerous opportunities for the aviation sector. The ubiquity of aeronautical, flight, weather, aerodrome, and maintenance data accelerates the development of smarter software systems to cope with the ever-increasing requirements of the industry sector. We describe the evolving infrastructure of our Smart Autoflight Control System as a self-adaptive autonomic system. The Smart Autoflight Control System shall monitor, analyze, plan, and execute airborne missions continuously. Decision making and support regarding computed flight trajectories is going to involve the interaction with human actors in the loop. Our system shall ultimately assess and improve its own performance in computing trajectories employing a continuous selection and tuning of planning environments and applicable algorithms.

Access control scheme with attribute revocation for SWIM

Access control scheme is proposed for System Wide Information Management (SWIM) to address the problem of attribute revocation in practical applications. Based on the attribute based encryption (ABE), this scheme introduces the proxy re-encryption mechanism and key encrypting key (KEK) tree to realize fine-grained access control with attribute revocation. This paper defines the attributes according to the status quo of civil aviation. Compared with some other schemes proposed before, this scheme not only shortens the length of ciphertext (CT) and private key but also improves the efficiency of encryption and decryption. The scheme can resist collusion attacks and ensure the security of data in SWIM.