System Requirements Specification Research Articles

Model-based safety analysis of requirement specifications

Model-based design primarily aims to establish a communication framework throughout a system’s design. Moreover, models with formal semantics allow verification based on rigorous methods, including the analysis of system safety. However, building formal models is a tedious manual process and cannot be easily applied to real problems.A key gap that hinders automation of model development is that there is no systematic way to connect system requirements with the activity of model-based design. In this article, we introduce a workflow to tackle this gap and ultimately automate the analysis of system safety using formal methods.We extend our previous work on boilerplate-based specification of system requirements with ontological semantics towards specifying FDIR (Failure, Detection, Isolation, Recovery) requirements. The workflow is centered around the automated generation of a model skeleton in SLIM, a component-based formal modeling language, from a set of ontology-based requirement specifications. Our approach has been implemented into a dedicated tool, which not only provides visualization of the ontology relations, but also supports traceability of the analysis findings back to the requirements specification. Finally, we provide results on the safety analysis of a real star-tracker system based on a SLIM model derived by minimally changing the auto-generated model skeleton.

Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak Sistem Informasi E-Survey Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama dengan standar ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018

The digitalization of survey processes is crucial in today's era, and this research aims to design the software requirements specification for the E-Survey Information System for the Research and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The methodology employed follows the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018 standard in developing the System Requirements Specification (SRS) document. This comprehensive SRS outlines the purpose, scope, product overview, user characteristics, limitations, functional requirements, non-functional requirements, database design, interface, and use case diagrams. The functional requirements encompass survey management, survey question management, user management, role management, and accessing surveys. Non-functional requirements address performance and user-friendliness aspects. The result is a detailed SRS document that serves as a guideline for the development team in building an integrated and modern E-Survey application. This application will streamline and digitize the survey activities conducted by the Research and Training Agency, enabling efficient data collection, processing, and analysis. By following industry standards, the developed system aims to enhance productivity, centralize survey operations, and support informed decision-making processes related to strengthening religious moderation and harmony among religious communities in Indonesia

Software Architecture and Desgin for Online Registration System

This paper presents an example of SoftwareArchitecture and design for online registration system.Software design is an early phase of the Software DevelopmentLife Cycle (SDLC). During this phase, software designersmodel the system and assess its quality so that improvementsmay be made before the software goes into the productionphase. The goal of software design is to build a model thatmeets all customer requirements and leads to successfulimplementation. As software systems continue to grow inscale, complexity, and distribution, their proper designbecomes extremely important in software production. Thearchitecture design representat ion is derived from the systemrequirement specification and the analysis model. Multi tierarchitecture is commonly used for distributed systems. Itusually consists of three element types: client, middlewareserver, and data server. The Unified Modeling Language( used to model the problem domain; describe the userrequirements; identify significant architecture elementsduring software design, such as classes and objects; describebehavior and interactions among these elements; and organizethe softw are structure, specify its constraints, describe thenecessary attributes, and more.

ReqNet and ReqSim: A Network and Semantic Similarity Dataset of Requirements from the Tree Structure of System Requirement Specifications

Abstract Systems are developed as a solution to the problem space defined by their requirements. The requirements are acquired during the elicitation process. The creative nature of the elicitation process, proprietary nature of requirements, the need of extensive preprocessing and the diverse techniques for analysis restricts the development of a requirement dataset. There exists no standard method to create a requirement dataset. Thus, we devise a semi-formal method to create a multi-purpose requirement dataset that harnesses human knowledge in the system requirement specification documents (SyRSDs) to facilitate the deployment of modern computing algorithms. Our dataset has three forms. (1) ReqList, a list of requirements from 86 distinct systems with their document structure in pure text form. The 12701 requirements are ready to leverage natural language processing techniques and unsupervised machine learning techniques. (2) ReqNet, a large network of requirements consisting of 17375 nodes to deploy graph-theoretic algorithms for requirement engineering. ReqNet portrays small-world network characteristics with an average distance of 9.5619 links. (3) ReqSim, a dataset consisting of 10933 pairs of requirements annotated with their similarity scores. ReqSim enables sentence-level supervised learning tasks to exploit the semantics of requirements. The similarity scores are coherent with human knowledge. Our dataset is grounded by the tree structure of SyRSDs. We devise a method to extract a tree from the SyRSDs. The tree structure resonates with the hierarchical nature of the requirement allocation process. The ReqList, ReqNet and ReqSim dataset is available at https://github.com/ChandanKSahu/ReqList_ReqNet_ReqSim.

Integrating green computing into rational unified process for sustainable development goals: a comprehensive approach

This research explores the incorporation of green computing variables into the rational unified process (RUP) methodology, specifically focusing on sustainable development goal (SDGs) 12-responsible consumption and production. Supported by three additional papers using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method. Our study aims to promote eco-friendly software development practices and tools (artifacts) aligned with green computing principles to support SDGs throughout RUP development phases. We conducted a matrix thorough analysis of existing green computing adaptability within RUP, yielding key findings: a system charter for inception, system requirement specification for elaboration, software development result for construction, and software test report/user acceptance test for transition. As a result, we've compiled comprehensive phase-specific documents, emphasizing the need for educational initiatives to foster green computing adoption among developers. This study advocates for cross-disciplinary collaboration to ensure successful implementation of eco-friendly software development processes.

Requirements development for IoT systems with UCM4IoT

The engineering of IoT (Internet of Things) systems brings about various challenges due to the inherent complexities associated with such adaptive systems. Addressing the adaptive nature of IoT systems in the early stages of the development life cycle is essential for developing a complete and precise system specification. In this paper, we propose a use case-based modelling language, UCM4IoT, to support requirements elicitation and specification of IoT systems. UCM4IoT takes into account the heterogeneity of IoT systems and provides domain-specific language constructs to model the different facets of IoT systems. The language also incorporates the notion of exceptional situations and adaptive system behaviour. Our language is supported with a textual modelling environment to assist modellers in writing use cases. The environment supports syntax-directed editing, validation of use case models, and requirements analysis. The proposed language and tool is demonstrated and evaluated with two case studies: smart store system and smart fire alarm system.

NanoSMAD – A First Order System Configuration Design Tool for Nano and Micro Satellites

The emergence of nano and micro satellites, which weigh less than 100 kg, is causing a significant transformation in the space industry. The existing Space Mission Analysis and Design (SMAD) tools, which are primarily designed for larger satellites, often become irrelevant for these smaller satellites in terms of spacecraft mass, power, pointing requirement, total mission duration, fault tolerance, and design cost. To address this, we have developed a web based nanoSMAD tool specifically for designers of nano and micro satellites. This tool utilizes a comprehensive database of approximately 140 nano and micro satellites along with their internal subsystem specifications. By using the nanoSMAD tool, designers can efficiently develop nano and micro satellite systems by entering their requirements, which then generates high-level system design and requirement specifications. This process enables the tool to provide a basic satellite configuration design and generates a Master Equipment List (MEL) of subsystems. To further customize the design, users can provide more specific parameter inputs or select components from a drop-down menu, resulting in an iterative custom design approach. The satellite database used by the nanoSMAD tool is regularly updated through online surveys, including web scraping, to gather information on the latest non-space-grade off-the-shelf nano and micro satellite subsystems. This ensures that the tool stays up-to-date with the newest advancements in the field. Additionally, the nanoSMAD tool offers a unique feature of verifying the electrical interface compatibility of subsystems, which is an innovative aspect of the tool. Novice small satellite communities will greatly benefit from the nanoSMAD tool as it seamlessly generates an initial nano and micro satellite system design, providing a first-order understanding of the satellite’s configuration and requirements.

Reprezentatyvių pavyzdžių specifikavimo kalbų funkcionalumui vertinti konstravimas

The paper describes shortly the main principles of representative examples development, provides the essence of the methodology to develop representative examples and an example of its application. The main contribution of the paper is the methodology to develop representative examples that could be used to evaluate the sufficiency of specification language for specification of software system requirements.

Agile model-based systems engineering of passenger train operational design

The railway industry is facing the efficiency issue for the delivery of new or modification of existing rolling stock (McKinsey & Company 2016). The aim of this paper is to describe the activities undertaken in different railway environments and develop an adaptable model which defines the black box functional behaviour of a train system. Therefore, to prove the effectiveness in solving system requirements, the model-based systems engineering method has been applied to several railway uses cases to assess its effectiveness, including a variability management approach. The assessment provides confidence in the adoption of this approach to improve the accuracy and speed of system requirement specification of rolling stock. Initial results also include evidence of increased productivity by minimising unnecessary manual transcription of concepts when coordinating the work of large teams.

EASY TO WORK LIBRARY EMPLOYEES IN SMAN 1 KOTA PAGAR ALAM WEB-BASED

This research was conducted at the library of SMAN 1 Pagaralam City because there were problems at the time of borrowing, returning and checking book data and borrower data so that supporting software was needed so that services could be carried out quickly and data processing could be done accurately and could be done anytime where course by the officer or by the borrower of the book, then website-based software is built, this research uses web engineering development and methodology, and so that in the implementation of website development a quality software application model or system requirements specification is used, in the following order: formulation, analysis, planning, engineering, page generation, and evaluation. So that this research has produced software that can be used by library staff of SMAN 1 Pagaralam City when serving book borrowers and processing book data, so the performance of library staff is getting better.

ENERGY AUDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM

The opportunities provided by energy audits to improve the competitiveness of companies by reducing energy consumption and introducing energy-efficient solutions also allow for achieving the environmental goals set by the European Union and Latvia in relation to climate neutrality. It is important to consider the results of energy audits in the development of both local and regional and national policies, thus setting more precise results to be achieved. At present, there is no unified energy audit development information system in Latvia, in which all audit stages and calculations could be performed; this would reduce clerical and calculation errors and allow data to be predicted and used in policy development, research. Within the framework of the work, the authors researched the concept of energy audit, its process and the results to be achieved by companies by implementing energy efficient measures, as well as the policy goals of the European Union and Latvia in environmental improvement programs. The paper summarizes and analyses the programs and methods available in Latvia, which are used to develop energy audits of companies, as well as the practices of other countries and their results.The research goal is to develop the specification of the energy audit information system, based on the analysis of the used energy audit information systems. Based on the findings, the authors developed a specification of the program's energy audit information system requirements, which is suitable for the Latvian market.

“What should I do today?” A Case Study on the Current Practices and Software Requirements Specification of a Web-Based Planner and Productivity Tracker

Productivity can be targeted and tracked in various ways. People may use the traditional pen-and-paper approach, or they can use various task-managing or productivity-tracking applications. This study aimed to determine the practices of faculty and staff of the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) for planning and productivity tracking. It also aimed to identify useful features for a web-based planner and productivity tracker based on the needs of UPOU employees leading to the development of a web-based planner and productivity tracker. This study focused on gathering requirements and conducting a needs analysis for the said web-based application. Requirements gathering and needs analysis showed that different people have different approaches to planning tasks and tracking productivity. However, based on identified user needs, it is still worthwhile to propose a possible solution that attempts to cover current practices and address most user needs. The output of this research was therefore a System Requirements Specification (SRS) developed using information gathered from an online focus group discussion and an online survey conducted on UPOU employees. The SRS will be used for Phase 2 of the study. Phase 2 will involve the actual development of the system and testing to determine the usefulness of the final web-based system. This study’s main implication is that the proposed web application could be able to help increase the productivity of those in the field of education while assisting them in their day-to-day planning. Further studies can be conducted to validate this upon the completion of the web-based system.
 Keywords: Requirements Gathering, Needs Analysis, System Requirements Specification, Task-Managing Application, Productivity Software

Quality Models for Artificial Intelligence Systems: Characteristic-Based Approach, Development and Application

The factors complicating the specification of requirements for artificial intelligence systems (AIS) and their verification for the AIS creation and modernization are analyzed. The harmonization of definitions and building of a hierarchy of AIS characteristics for regulation of the development of techniques and tools for standardization, as well as evaluation and provision of requirements during the creation and implementation of AIS, is extremely important. The study aims to develop and demonstrate the use of quality models for artificial intelligence (AI), AI platform (AIP), and AIS based on the definition and ordering of characteristics. The principles of AI quality model development and its sequence are substantiated. Approaches to formulating definitions of AIS characteristics, methods of representation of dependencies, and hierarchies of characteristics are given. The definitions and harmonization options of hierarchical relations between 46 characteristics of AI and AIP are suggested. The quality models of AI, AIP, and AIS presented in analytical, tabular, and graph forms, are described. The so-called basic models with reduced sets of the most important characteristics are presented. Examples of AIS quality models for UAV video navigation systems and decision support systems for diagnosing diseases are described.

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI PEMESANAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN PADA CAFE LA BANCA BERBASIS ANDROID

Along with the development of technology, most cafes have used technology in business processes to simplify the ordering and service process. Currently La Banca cafe is still using a manual system, where food and beverage orders still use paper and pencil, so there are frequent recording errors, duplicate orders, random orders, resulting in the ordering process being slow and irregular. Therefore, an android-based food and beverage ordering system will be built. The method used is the prototype method. Interview technique is used to obtain system requirements specifications. This application is built using the MySQL database, the PHP programming language on the web side, and the Java programming language on the Android side. In addition, the system design process uses UML diagrams. Therefore, it is hoped that the application that is built can facilitate the process of ordering food and drinks from customers to the waitress to the kitchen and make it easier for leaders to monitor business processes that occur online. Based on the results of blackbox testing, both on the web and on the android side, we get the appropriate results between the input given and the output generated.

A Survey on Formal Specification and Verification of Smart Mass Transit Railway Interlocking System

Nowadays interest in Smart Mass Transit Rail has grown-up to a large extent in a metropolitan area as the need for urban mobility has increased steadily. The reliability of software being used in such mass transit rail is crucial for us, specifically when software crashes may lead to catastrophic loss of human life and assets. For example, when we travel by metro it is essential for us that the interlocking system software controlling the metros are accurate so collisions and derailment are prevented. The reliability and safety of such interlocking systems are made on the precise functional requirements specification and verification respectively. Therefore, the precise functional requirements specification and verification of such interlocking systems represent a challenge in an active research area, so in this paper, we survey various articles in this field and discuss their consequences.

Criticality analysis for safety-critical software in nuclear power plant distributed control system

Abstract Software criticality analysis examines the degree of contribution that each individual failure mode of a software component has on the reliability of software. Higher safety integrity levels are assigned to software modules whose failures cause an unacceptable impact on the operation of the system, and these levels require the implementation of more rigorous software quality assurance measures as defined in IEEE Std 1012 and in the customer’s system requirements specification. In this paper, a novel software criticality analysis method is proposed, the results of which can be used to guide the development of newly developed software and the procurement of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software. The software structure is first analyzed and the software is divided into modules according to their functions. Then the criticality levels of software components are preliminarily classified by means of a safety criticality preliminary analysis tree, followed by their verification through the software hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP). Finally, the target Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of each software module is determined based on its criticality level and the overall safety objective (i. e., SIL) of the system it resides in. As an example, this proposed method is applied to a nuclear power plant safety-critical system to demonstrate the detail application process and to verify the feasibility of the method. Compared with the existing software criticality analysis methods, this method has better operability and verifiability, and can be utilized as a technical guidance for the software criticality analysis of nuclear power plant digital control systems.

Implementation of video surveillance system using embedded Blackfin processor

<p class="NormalLinespacing15lines">The video surveillance is critical system to track the people at the various places and to track and monitor the nuciencess bound to be happened. On the other side several studies have proved and showed the hit and miss nature of human intervention to spot change in a surrounding environment which increasing the designer challenges for the development of video surveillance system with the help of embedded processor. The designer faces a greater challenge to apply the principle of embedded systems and develop the system smart features with low power and cost for the required applications of VSS. System requirement specification (SRS), Hardware design document (HDD), Software design document and test procedure has been arrived and developed to achieve VSS system. Blackfin processor has high end video engines and is more suitable for development of video surveillance system (VSS). The VSS is designed and developed using ADSP BF533 Ez-kit lite board. Peripheral like parallel peripheral interface (PPI) is used to interface between camera and processor. Also, it is used for interfacing processor and TV. The master-slave communication is established between two Blackfin processors through SPORT to transfer the captured frame from camera to display on TV. Power management is also implemented to save the power of the system.</p>

System Requirement Specification of Mobile Apps for shrimp farming in Shyamnagar of Bangladesh

Frozen food is one of Bangladesh’s most valuable export items, comprising more than 80% of shrimp. The most cultivated area of shrimp is situated in the southern region of Bangladesh. This research was carried out to identify the core problem in the shrimp farming areas in order to support the related farmers in seeking a solution through the most common technology used by them. The study was conducted in Shyamnagar, Satkhira district with a total of 40 female respondents involved. This research showed that shrimp farming is pressurized by a lack of proper information on disease identification and its management. Mobile apps are considered the most common information providers among that community. The research defined the common problems and necessity through the system requirement specification (SRS) to provide needed details for the farmers that focused on mobile-app development eventually. It was found that disease (82.86%) and water quality (17.14%) are the most common issues while among the diseases White Spot Syndrome Virus and Yellow Head Virus Disease followed by Black Gill disease were the most alarming to handle without pre-management knowledge. The research also suggests developing voice-based mobile apps for shrimp farmers in the local language.
 

Linguistic Patterns, Styles, and Guidelines for Writing Requirements Specifications: Focus on Use Cases and Scenarios

A system requirements specification is a technical document extensively used during the respective system life cycle. It gathers the concerns and needs of various stakeholders, describes the common vision of that system, and therefore supports its development and operation processes. The popular form to write requirements specifications is with natural languages that, however, exhibit characteristics that often introduce quality problems, such as inconsistency, incompleteness, and vagueness, which shall be mitigated or avoided to some extent. This paper is part of a series of papers that have discussed linguistic patterns and linguistic styles to produce technical documentation more systematically and consistently. Specifically, this paper proposes a cohesive set of patterns and styles to better write use cases and scenarios. It also presents 38 practical guidelines and supports the discussion with concrete pedagogical examples represented with different styles, namely: visual use cases diagram (UML), a rigorous requirements specification language (RSL), and two informal controlled natural languages, one with a compact (CNL-A) and another with a more complete and verbose writing style (CNL-B). We conducted a pilot evaluation session with 24 subjects who provided encouraging feedback, with positive scores in all the analyzed dimensions. Based on this feedback, we may conclude that the adoption of these patterns, styles, and guidelines would help to produce better requirements specifications, written more systematically and consistently.

Research on the Requirement Analysis and Management Method of Aircraft PHM System

Recent years, the forward design based on requirements has become the mainstream mode of aircraft and its component systems development. Requirements analysis and management not only runs through the whole process of system development and validation activities, but also plays an important role in these activities. However, there are some practical problems in the requirement analysis and management of prognostics and health management (PHM) system of aircraft, such as lack of method and process guidance, incomplete stakeholder analysis, and nonstandard requirement description. Therefore, based on the theory of system engineering, this paper puts forward the basic methods and suggestions of PHM system stakeholder analysis, formulates the technical process and key points of PHM system requirement analysis in demonstration and scheme stage, and clarifies the basic principles of PHM system requirement specification. And the related research of this paper aims to improve the quality and efficiency of requirement analysis and management of aircraft PHM system, and to lay the foundation for the development of system architecture and function as well.