System Owners Research Articles

Exploring residential energy efficiency measures and distribution of renewable energy generation through sector interactions: a case study in Visby, Sweden

Increased use of cogeneration in district heating (DH) systems is important in the pursuit towards a low-carbon society, particularly in light of the ongoing electrification across multiple sectors. Apart from reducing CO2 emissions, cogeneration also contributes to additional income for the DH system owner. Nonetheless, it is important to be aware that the economic and environmental performance of DH systems are directly connected to the energy use within DH networks. This research investigates sector interactions associated with the introduction of a biomass combined heat and power (CHP) and residential energy renovation according to (life cycle cost) LCC optimum and Swedish energy targets, with a focus on CO2 emissions and the system cost of the energy utility company. The study object consists of a DH system in Visby, Sweden, and 920 historic residential building undergoing energy renovation. The results show a profitability of 905–915 MSEK for the DH system with the integration of a CHP. Global CO2 emissions decrease by 32.6–33.1 ktonnes/year, 9.0–9.2 ktonnes/year, and 19.9–20.1 ktonnes/year, for marginal coal-condensing power (limited biofuel), natural gas combined cycle power (limited biofuel), and European average production, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analyses confirm the benefits of cogeneration related to both economics and CO2 emissions based on changes in key parameters of the DH system.

MDM System Performance Test Recommendations

The paper provides detailed guidance for a Performance Test Process and Recommendations for a Master Data Management System, focusing on the IBM Infosphere MDM Server. And outlines the Importance of early involvement of the Business and systems owners in setting performance benchmarks, and the stakeholders’ collaboration, during the test and the steps to establish monitoring, change control, and document the test results and the performance test processes and system scalability Testing recommendations.

The impact of different PV system grid integration approaches on voltage profile, grid losses and behaviour of PV system owners

Distribution grids in individual countries inside the European Union have different properties, while the grid operators use different approaches to integrate photovoltaic (PV) systems into the grid, which influences the voltage profile, grid losses and grid’s hosting capability. This work deals with a 0.4 kV distribution gird characteristic for the Slovenian countryside. The grid users are relatively sparsely distributed in the space. The distances between them are relatively long, while the load distribution among individual phases is unbalanced. Three different approaches to the integration of PV into the grid are discussed. The one used before 2012 with the concentrated larger PV units placed close to the transformer busbars, the one introduced with a net-metering scheme where larger PV units are randomly distributed in the grid, and the one where smaller PV units are evenly distributed throughout the grid. The case study discusses the impacts of the three approaches on the proper voltage profile provision, network losses and behaviour of the PV system owners.

Taking Advantage of Spare Battery Capacity in Cellular Networks to Provide Grid Frequency Regulation

The increasing use of renewable energies places new challenges on the balance of the electricity system between demand and supply, due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. However, through frequency regulation (FR) services, owners of battery storage systems can become an essential part of the future smart grids. We propose a thorough first study on the use of batteries associated with base stations (BSs) of a cellular network, to participate in ancillary services with respect to FR services, via an auction system. Trade-offs must be made among the number of participating BSs, the degradation of their batteries and the revenues generated by FR participation. We propose a large-scale mathematical programming model to identify the best participation periods from the perspective of a cellular network operator. The objective is to maximize profit while considering the aging of the batteries following their usage to stabilize the electrical grid. Experiments are conducted with data sets from different real data sources. They not only demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization model in terms of the selection of BSs participating in ancillary services and providing extra revenues to cellular network operators, but also show the feasibility of ancillary services being provided to cellular network operators.

An Impact Analysis of Damage Level caused by Malware with Dynamic Analysis Approach

Malware, short for malicious software, is software or code specifically designed to damage, disrupt computer systems, or gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. Based on type classification, one of the well-known types of malware is ransomware. Usually, ransomware will encrypt the files on a computer system and then demand a ransom from the owner of the computer system so that the owner can regain access to the encrypted files. Sometimes in some cases, ransomware is able to delete files without input from the computer system owner. This research includes the analysis process of three ransomware samples that are known for successfully causing losses to many computer systems throughout the world, namely WannaCry, Locky, and Jigsaw, using a dynamic approach and the use of tools to track the processes carried out by the ransomware. The purpose of this research is to determine which of the three samples has the highest to lowest level of damage based on metrics based on file access capabilities and file modification capabilities for various types of files such as system files, boot-related files, program files, etc. The findings of this research indicate that WannaCry has the highest impact followed by Locky and then Jigsaw.

Flushing Out Homeowner Perceptions to Improve Voluntary Septic to Sewer Conversion With Social Marketing

Background Septic systems are recognized as a contributor to water quality degradation. Septic to sewer conversion programs are being implemented to mitigate nutrient pollution but success of voluntary programs is dependent on homeowner participation. The purpose of this study was to identify elements of potential social marketing strategies that could advance the voluntary adoption of septic to sewer conversion programs. Focus of the Article This study used formative survey research to assess residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived benefits of and barriers to septic systems conversion in Florida, USA to inform future interventions promoting this major, costly home infrastructure change that reduces wastewater nutrient contamination. Research Question This study attempts to answer the following questions: (1) Does septic system conversion status (mandatory vs. voluntary) influence homeowners’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived benefits and barriers to septic to sewer conversion? (2) What social marketing variables are the best predictors of attitude about septic to sewer conversion? Importance to the Social Marketing Field In contrast to inexpensive, repeated habits which are the target of many social marketing campaigns, costly one-time behaviors have been minimally explored by social scientists and social marketers. This study demonstrates how social marketing research can be applied to advance the adoption of costly, one-time infrastructure improvements, with septic to sewer conversions serving as the study context. There are substantial opportunities for social marketers to support local government and other organizations in their promotion of major technologies, including, but not limited to septic system conversions. Methods 518 adult Florida residents who were also septic system owners completed an online survey instrument that assessed subjective and objective knowledge, attitudes about septic to sewer conversion, and motivators and barriers to conversion. Results Septic system homeowners are largely supportive of septic conversion programs; however, the greatest perceived benefits are personal and not associated with environmental improvements. Despite many septic to sewer conversion projects being initiated for environmental purposes, behavior change efforts should promote the benefits of conversion as perceived by the homeowner. The primary barrier is the upfront cost, and alternative funding structures should be investigated. Recommendations for Research or Practice This study indicates that target audience outreach is an essential component of the environmental planning process. Considering the costs and complexity of water quality infrastructure projects, environmental management professionals should consider a robust audience-specific social marketing program as part of the implementation and planning process. The findings presented here suggest opportunities for social marketers to partner with environmental management professionals tasked with encouraging septic to sewer conversion or other costly and significant one-time behaviors.

Development and Evaluation of an Arduino-Based Data Logging System Integrated with Microsoft Excel for Monitoring On-Grid Photovoltaic Systems

This paper presents the development and evaluation of an Arduino-based data logging system integrated with Microsoft Excel for monitoring on-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems. The system combines open-source hardware and software to enable real-time data acquisition, logging, and analysis of key performance metrics such as solar irradiance, temperature, voltage, and current levels. Leveraging the versatility of Arduino microcontrollers and the accessibility ofMicrosoft Excel, the proposed system offers a cost-effective and user-friendly solution for PV system monitoring. The integration of the MS Data Streamer add-in for Excel facilitates seamless data logging and visualization, empowering PV system owners, researchers, and practitioners with actionable insights for optimizing system performance and contributing to a sustainable energy future. Experimental validation of the system demonstrates its effectiveness in accurately measuring and logging sensor data, highlighting its potential for widespread adoption in renewable energy monitoring applications.

Artificial Intelligence Systems and Non-Contractual Civil Liability: A Risk-Based Approach

Under the legislation, when artificial intelligence (AI) systems cause harm to third parties, the restoration of violated rights is carried out according to the rules of strict or culpable liability. Strict liability is applied if the AI system is recognized as a source of increased danger or has a defect. For all other cases, culpable civil liability is used. The authors have developed a new approach to non-contractual civil liability for cases of harm caused by AI systems based on the criterion of the risk level of AI systems. According to this approach, for AI systems that create unacceptable or high risk in relation to human rights and freedoms, it is proposed to apply strict liability to their developer, and for AI systems belonging to the low-risk classification group, the rules of culpable liability to restore violated rights and compensate for the harm caused should be applied. With regard to the basic models, the use of culpable liability is envisaged, except situations where AI products with unacceptable or high risk are created on their basis. The proposed approach can become an alternative to using the concept of a source of increased danger in relation to AI systems and will allow transferring strict responsibility from owners of high-risk AI systems to their developers, who have a greater impact on the safety and reliability of AI systems.

Using the DigCompEdu Framework to analyse your institution’s support for teachers’ digital competencies development

Everyone agrees that teachers at all levels need to develop their digital competencies – but both the institution and the individual teachers need to take on this task – so this session asks: What can institutions do to take on some of the responsibility? Strategic goal setting is nice and helpful, but how can teaching and learning units, system owners and others improve the resources and help they provide to teachers to support digital competencies development? The University of Copenhagen have used the European framework DigCompEdu to analyse and evaluate how the university as an institution can better support the competence development needs of individual teachers. The purpose of this exercise was to avoid competence development becoming an individualized problem for the teacher. The participants have a choice in the workshop's hands-on part:Hands-on A: Plan an analysis of your own institution using the CUTE Canvas.Hands-on B: Analyse your own institution. This workshop is based on the work carried out in the ERASMUS+: Strategic Partnership CUTE (KA203-867FE04B) (2019-2022) and the CUTIE project (2022-2024)

Advocating for population health: The role of public health practitioners in the age of artificial intelligence.

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to transform Canadian organizations, driven by the promise of improved efficiency, better decision-making, and enhanced client experience. While AI holds great opportunities, there are also near-term impacts on the determinants of health and population health equity that are already emerging. If adoption is unregulated, there is a substantial risk that health inequities could be exacerbated through intended or unintended biases embedded in AI systems. New economic opportunities could be disproportionately leveraged by already privileged workers and owners of AI systems, reinforcing prevailing power dynamics. AI could also detrimentally affect population well-being by replacing human interactions rather than fostering social connectedness. Furthermore, AI-powered health misinformation could undermine effective public health communication. To respond to these challenges, public health must assess and report on the health equity impacts of AI, inform implementation to reduce health inequities, and facilitate intersectoral partnerships to foster development of policies and regulatory frameworks to mitigate risks. This commentary highlights AI's near-term risks for population health to inform a public health response.

Strategic Approaches for Optimizing Solar Energy at Universiti Sains Malaysia (Main Campus)

The optimization of solar energy is a critical issue in Malaysia, given the country's location within the Sunbelt and its potential for year-round solar power generation. This research aims to identify the critical success factors for optimizing solar energy in Malaysia. The problem statement is that despite the growing interest in solar energy optimization, there are still challenges in achieving optimal performance and efficiency. This research aims to explore the factors that contribute to the successful integration of solar energy, including proper system sizing and design, high-quality components, monitoring, and maintenance. The research methodology used is qualitative, involving in-depth interviews with industry professionals and installers and a thematic analysis of the data collected. The principal results indicate that regular monitoring and maintenance, technological advancements, and proper system sizing and design are the most critical success factors for optimizing solar energy. The major conclusion is that by prioritizing and investing in regular monitoring and maintenance, solar energy system owners can guarantee peak performance, maximize efficiency, and protect their green energy investment.

Preventive framework for resilience enhancement in networked microgrids: A focus on hydrogen integration and optimal energy management

AbstractThe integration of distributed energy resources and smart grid technologies has increased the vulnerability and complexity of modern power systems, especially in the face of extreme events. Enhancing the resilience of power systems is crucial to ensure continuous and reliable electricity supply during and after such events. This paper proposes a preventive framework to enhance the resilience of networked microgrids (NMGs) during extreme events. The framework integrates optimal energy management strategies and preventive resilience enhancement measures, focusing on the coordination and utilization of hydrogen (H2) energy systems and controllable distributed generators (CDGs). The framework leverages capacity‐based signals to prompt H2 system owners and CDG operators to prepare for disruptions by fully charging H2 storage tanks and pre‐scheduling CDG commitments. By utilizing this proactive energy scheduling, critical loads can be supplied through stationary fuel cells and CDGs, improving overall network resilience. The proposed resilient energy management approach combines optimization techniques to improve the resilience of NMGs and reduce their dependence on the main grid. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed linear model in enhancing the resilience of NMGs and improving their operational performance during extreme events. The contributions of this paper include advancements in understanding NMGs, the development of a preventive framework, integration of H2 energy systems and CDGs, and proposal of effective signalling models.

AutoPKI: public key infrastructure for IoT with automated trust transfer

IoT deployments grow in numbers and size, which makes questions of long-term support and maintainability increasingly important. Without scalable and standard-compliant capabilities to transfer the control of IoT devices between service providers, IoT system owners cannot ensure long-term maintainability, and risk vendor lock-in. The manual overhead must be kept low for large-scale IoT installations to be economically feasible. We propose AutoPKI, a lightweight protocol to update the IoT PKI credentials and shift the trusted domains, enabling the transfer of control between IoT service providers, building upon the latest IoT standards for secure communication and efficient encodings. We show that the overhead for the involved IoT devices is small and that the overall required manual overhead can be minimized. We analyse the fulfilment of the security requirements, and for a subset of them, we demonstrate that the desired security properties hold through formal verification using the Tamarin prover.

Designing a Nodemcu Based Fire Detection System Using Map and Telegram Applications

Fire is the emergence of a fire that is not controlled and is very difficult for humans to control, which results in a fatal impact in the form of material losses, namely property and human casualties. So in this study a fire detection system in a house or building based on NodeMCU ESP8266 and a map application using Iot that will work when the sensor detects a fire so that it can find the location where there is a fire so that it can find the location of the fire through the application. The system is built using Arduino type NodeMCU ESP2866 as a control center, fire sensor as a telegram application detector as a fire message sender and NEO-6 GPS module as a location tracker where the fire occurred. The output of this system is a fire information message on the system owner's number. The results of the research obtained are from the design and testing of the tool in general the system can work in accordance with the design of a fire detector using NodeMCU ESP8266, the designed system can send location coordinates in the form of (google Mapsi) or notification in the form of a fire warning to the homeowner through the telegram application and the system that has been designed can send information.

Smartphone-based colorimetric method for decentralized wastewater treatment monitoring by inexperienced users

Rural areas often rely on decentralized wastewater treatment systems, including individual sewage treatment systems (ISTS), for remote houses, farms, and other establishments. For practical and financial reasons, ISTSs are often exempt from routine monitoring of effluent quality. As a result, they cannot guarantee the same level of treatment performance as their large-scale counterparts. A smartphone-based colorimetric monitoring method has been developed and tested to address this issue. This method can be easily adopted by untrained system owners. It uses modified test strips with built-in color reference zones and fiducial markers, which simplifies data acquisition and interpretation, eliminating the need for positioning accessories or controlled lighting. The proposed method ensures reliable results even when using a regular smartphone with default picture quality settings. The method has been tested with test strips measuring five different relevant wastewater quality parameters: pH, phosphates, ammonium, nitrates, and nitrites. For each type of test strip, the software installed on a smartphone provides a correlation for interpolating the measurements. The R2-values ranged from 0.881 to 0.993 for different reagents. The accuracy of this method was verified using lab-grade reference sensors and was found to be sufficient for the intended purpose.

A Study of Households’ Perception towards Solar Panel Installation Case Study: Villagers of Techno-park nearby Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura

In Sri Lanka, energy demand has been exponentially increasing with the outage of non-renewable energy sources. There is significant solar intensity in most of the areas in Sri Lanka. This study focused on the domestic solar power system since domestic solar panel usage (700 MW) is the country's highest contributor to solar energy usage. A photovoltaic (PV) system can supply electric energy to loads by directly converting solar energy through the photovoltaic effect with a flexible structure. This study aimed to analyze households' perceptions of solar panel installation. The study was conducted within a 5 km radius around the Faculty of Technology, the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, to analyze the awareness of solar-related technologies. A systematically developed questionnaire was used for the survey to collect the peoples' awareness based on environmental, social & economic beliefs. Thirty residential places (30) were interviewed. According to the results, a residential house's average monthly electricity consumption is 137.67 kWh. The mean monthly income in the area is sixty-eight thousand one hundred and sixty-six rupees and sixty-seven cents. Moreover, most people had solar energy knowledge (93.33%). Among them, 53.57% of the majority were willing to install Domestic Solar PV systems for residential places. From the consumers, 76.66% of the majority had an average level of awareness of the Environmental benefits of using renewable energy and 70.00% of the majority had an excellent awareness of government intervention in rooftop solar energy projects such as "Soorya Bala Sangramaya‖. From the defined awareness levels, further analysis was done on the lowest level of Awareness of Solar Energy to identify their characteristics. The majority of them were those who had lower energy consumption, were over the age of 60 and had a monthly income below twenty thousand rupees. According to the consumers, the best strategy for promoting Solar PV Systems was to lower the prices of existing Solar PV systems. Regulating the efficiency of the Solar PV system was identified by the existing Solar PV system owners. 
 Keywords: Solar PV system, Techno-park, Photovoltaic panels

Reactive power management in photovoltaic installations connected to low-voltage grids to avoid active power curtailment.

Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are traditionally designed to operate with unity power factors. In order to use reactive power capabilities of smart inverters, in this work two strategies are analysed: limiting the amount of active power delivered or oversizing the inverter. The first of these options implies a reduction in the PV production and therefore, it would lead to reduced earnings for the PV system owner. On the other hand, oversizing the PV inverter allows having reactive power compensation capabilities, while delivering full power output from its PV field.

Photovoltaic System Protection Against Lightning

Lightning strikes pose a significant threat to photovoltaic (PV) systems, which are increasingly utilized for renewable energy generation. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the potential risks associated with lightning strikes on PV systems and explores various protection measures to enhance their resilience. The study delves into the characteristics of lightning and its interaction with PV installations, identifies vulnerabilities within the system, and discusses the principles and techniques for effective lightning protection. The paper emphasizes the importance of comprehensive risk assessment, surge protection devices, grounding systems, and maintenance practices to mitigate the damaging effects of lightning strikes. By implementing appropriate protection strategies, PV system owners and designers can safeguard their installations and ensure the longevity and reliability of their renewable energy infrastructure.

Design and Feasibility Study of a Standalone Photovoltaic System for Electrifying a Healthcare Centre in a Rural Area of Malaysia: A Case Study

le="Abstract"] <p style="text-align: justify;">Malaysia is strategically located at the sunbelt viability, where it receives a large amount of sunshine every day. This makes the solar photovoltaic technology popularly utilized particularly in rural areas that are isolated from the main grid. These areas have the potential to use photovoltaic technology to meet load requirements. Compared to grid connected photovoltaic systems, standalone photovoltaic systems offer several benefits to system owners including low maintenance, low upkeep cost, no waste or by-products, and easy expansion through the use of multiple solar panels and batteries. This article presents a design phase of the Standalone Photovoltaic System (SAPVS) to electrify the healthcare centre in Kampung Tewowoh, Kluang, Johor. The design steps for SAPVS are discussed to obtain the required parameter for each component in the SAPVS. The results indicate that 16 panels, 1219.52Ah/day, 1437.5A and 350 (A) are needed for the PV panels, battery capacity, inverter, and charge controller, respectively. It is proven that SAPVs are technically viable and feasible for electrifying the healthcare centre in the specified area.

ANALISIS JAMINAN KESEHATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEGARA KELAS

The state plays a very important role and has an obligation to meet the needs of its people, one of which is in the form of the obligation to fulfill public health services in the country. Thie analysis used the perspective of a Marxist class state, namely the existence of social classes in society, regarding the existence of social class divisions that arise from the existence of modes of production, as controllers of the production system (owners of capital) and producers who provide direct services for the dominant class (workers). Karl Marx (1818-1883) saw that actually the main actors who play an important role in the survival of a society are social classes. The alienation experienced by humans is actually the result of the oppression of one class by another class. To eliminate these exploitative actions, Karl Marx put forward a class struggle or revolution. Karl Marx believed that the classes that were formed in a society could be removed by this revolution so that justice could be upheld. The purpose of this study is to see and find out the perspective of country class put forward by Marx on how a country fulfills its responsibilities in terms of health services, namely health insurance. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method, using data collection techniques through observation or observation and interviews.