Undergraduate Education System Research Articles

Ուսանողների սննդային վարքագիծը և սպիտակուցային սննդատեսակների օգտագործումը

Food is a vital and indispensable component of a healthy lifestyle. Consumption of food is a basic necessity for ensuring the full vitality of a person. The aim of our research is to study the eating behaviour and nutrition culture of students, as well as the characteristics and preferences for the consumption of protein products. The research was conducted among students of current undergraduate education system of the Faculty of Food Technologies of ANAU for the 2019-2021 academic years. The survey was conducted using a specially designed "Lifestyle Research Card" before and after completing the "Nutrition" course. Out of 309 students of the faculty, 135 (43,7%) took part in the survey. The nature of nutrition and improvements were examined through initial feedback observations. Observations of manifestations of eating behaviour were carried out according to the following indicators: appetite assessment, frequency and regularity of food intake during the day, casual meals and time of the last meal. The use of nutritional culture elements allowed students to improve the character of nutrition: the rate of improvement in appetite increased by 9,1%, the proportion of students eating 4 times a day increased by 25,2% and the proportion of those eating regularly increased by 31,9%. Significant positive changes were noted in preferences, consumption, as well as in regulating the frequency of intake of protein products, in particular, meat, dairy, fish and vegetables. The proportion of sausage lovers decreased by 18,5%, and 8,1% of students completely excluded them from the main diet. Analysis of the results of two-year observations showed that students not only gained knowledge, but also improved their diet, became more educated, literate in eating, realized the role and importance of nutrition as the main factor affecting health and life.

Evaluation of Intern Students Knowledge of Complete Denture Impression Practice in Benghazi University

Objectives: The aim of treatment with complete denture is to restore function and esthetics and maintain patient health. Making an accurate impression is a very critical factor for success or failure of the complete dentures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of intern dental students about procedures followed in impression practice for complete denture construction in the city of Benghazi.
 Materials and method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done amongst dental intern students in Benghazi city, Libya. A total of 120 students were selected randomly. A survey was conducted through a printed standard questionnaire with 13 multiple-choice questions, only 81 questionnaires returned. Data from the completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed, the statistical analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 23 (SPSS, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
 Results: Low knowledge scores were found regarding the final impression material, the tray fabrication steps (spacer and relieve holes) and the timing of previous denture discontinuation prior to the primary impression step. Also, a low level of knowledge was found regarding the stage of posterior palatal seal establishment. The scores for all the questions were calculated and tabulated; the scores 1,2 and 3 are low knowledge (57%), good knowledge (43%) and excellent knowledge 0% respectively.
 Conclusion: The percentage of low knowledge level was significantly higher than expected, as observed in the overall results indicating that there are procedures and information about complete denture impression practice that remains unknown to the interns, which influence the denture satisfaction of the patient. Changes in the undergraduate education system to focus on these aspects may facilitate the interns to gain more knowledge regarding complete denture impression procedures especially final impression.

Scientific creativity and innovation ability and its determinants among medical postgraduate students in Fujian province of China: a cross sectional study

BackgroundGraduate education is the main approach to training high-level innovative elites. With the expansion of the scale of graduate education in China, it has gradually emerged that the lack of innovation ability of graduate students is recognized as the primary problem in graduate education. How to comprehensively improve the quality of postgraduate teaching has become the core task of educational reform and development. However, data about the current cultivation and development of the innovative ability of graduate students in China is limited.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among medical postgraduate students. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis methods were used to analyze the data to describe the current innovation ability in advanced medical education and potential influence factors.ResultsA total of 1241 medical students were surveyed, according to the results of questionnaire data analysis. The proportion of subjects who participated in the College Student’s Entrepreneurship and Innovation program or any other scientific research programs are fairly high which are 46.82% and 29.20% respectively. Most of the participants are observed with high levels of self-motivation and active learning and have good performance in creative thinking. However, only a small number of participants (16.6%) reported academic achievements such as publications. Most of the students are satisfied with the current scientific research environment and think that the current postgraduate training system is qualified for the cultivation of innovation ability, and expects the inclusion of course specialized in systemic medicine and medical informatics in the curricula. Multiple logistic regression results showed that among the factors studied, gender, medical specialties, and types of master’s degrees are associated with cognition & skills, academic performance, and creativity.ConclusionsIt will be important to incorporate more techniques for creating and improving creativity in the curricula of the current postgraduate education, especially for courses such as systemic medicine and informatics. Guidance in earlier school life can stimulate creativity and an early introduction to scientific research work will facilitate innovative thinking and behavior. Scientific research programs such as the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training for the universities of PRC have been widely implemented in the undergraduate education system throughout the country. However, the training effectiveness of the current scientific research programs is worth improving.

Romanian Undergraduate Education System in the Post-Communist Period: The Journey Towards Digitalization

Romanian undergraduate education system has undergone radical changes in the area of digitalization during the last years. Both Romanian authorities and private stakeholders contributed to this transformation. This paper has the goal to present an extensive overview of the most important measures in terms of digitalization that led to the system as it stands today.

Project-based Laboratory Assignments to Support Digital Transformation of Education in Turkmenistan

Abstract: On 30th of November, 2018, by the Decree of the Esteemed President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedov, there was accepted a Conception of developing digital economy in Turkmenistan in between 2019-2025. Moreover, on 15th of September, 2017, the Conception of developing digital education in Turkmenistan was approved as well. That is why, new, innovative methodologies and digital solutions are continuously being introduced to the educational system of Turkmenistan. Teaching and training undergraduate students, studying in the field of automation and control engineering, is a tough issue. Because, nowadays, for automation engineer, knowing physics, mathematics, theory of automation and electronics is not enough, moreover, they should also know basics of smart systems, if necessary, programming a microcontroller and methods of using necessary sensors when designing smart systems. In this regards, this paper provides useful information about the steps and key points of integrating digital solutions a n d mi c r o c o n t r o l l e r - b a s e d e d u c a t i o n a l methodologies into the undergraduate educational system of Turkmenistan. Moreover, the effect of the proposed method of teaching and appropriateness of the laboratory assignments were also analysed at the end of the course. As a microcontroller board, “Ardunio UNO” was selected as it is easy-to-learn. Keywords: smart systems, engineering courses, “Arduino UNO” board, methodology of achieving course objectives, Bloom's taxonomy

Ideological positioning of Extended Curriculum Programmes – a case study of a large South African research university

Extended Curriculum Programmes (ECPs) have been in existence in Africa and Southern Africa since the late 1970s. Various needs for programmes exist, but the primary motivator in the current South African context is a transformative one. While many historically white institutions have either scaled down or closed their ECPs, the University of Pretoria runs several large ECP programmes with the largest one located on the Mamelodi Campus. The location of the campus in a township offers many opportunities for transformative community engagement. This article interrogates the ideological underpinnings of the ECP programmes and other activities offered at the Mamelodi campus as these have evolved from their genesis in the University of Pretoria’s Foundation Year Programme in 2001. The article argues that a point has been reached where colour and ethnicity are no longer the only criteria for transformation, though the South African education system continues to be plagued by social inequality. Consequently, extended curriculum programmes need to serve the interests of the more disadvantaged section of the population, not the lower performing echelons of the more advantaged citizens, even though these may be black. The most recent government draft policy document provides possibilities for funding developmental interventions across the entire undergraduate education system but will require considerable sophistication in terms of pedagogy and curriculum design. The article concludes with a recommendation for a more responsive selection policy and curricula that provide a smoother transition into the programmes that students wish to access, including those with high barriers to entry.

Research on the Construction of First-class Chinese Medicine Undergraduate Education System in the New Era

The new era has put forward new requirements for first-class personnel training. Chinese medicine colleges and universities should actively explore the construction of first-class Chinese medicine personnel training system,and comprehensively improve the ability of personnel training. In this paper,based on the construction concept of first-class TCM personnel training system in the new era and the connotation research of first-class TCM personnel,we explore the construction of first-class undergraduate specialty system,first-class curriculum construction system,teacher training system,student development system and quality assurance system.

Drones and Decisionmakers: The Paradox of Undergraduate Education for Business in the U.S.

Addressing social and planetary crisis requires altering current business practices and deploying the best possible problem-solving capabilities. Yet, in the United States the system of undergraduate education undermines the needed response. Lower income students who have the most direct experience with business and its impact on society are often educated to function as minimally influential “drones,” in overtly practical, results-oriented programs (often at public institutions). Higher income students with the least direct familiarity with business are educated in elite, usually private, liberal arts colleges that emphasize interdisciplinary connections and critical thinking to be “decision-makers”. This paper describes the historical roots and current characteristics of a segregated educational system—one based on economic and social privilege rather than talent or ability—and suggests possible changes.

To master the rules and characteristics of wound repair for wound healing promotion

Wound repair has its inherent pathophysiological mechanism, presenting a complex network regulation. However, these contents are not detailed exhaustively or systematically in the medical undergraduate education system in China and even the world. Therefore, it is difficult for those clinicians who are not engaged in wound repair related research to fully understand the mechanism of wound repair and its relationship with the clinical process. To provide a reference for clinical work, this article summarizes the sequential, local, time-bounding characteristics of wound healing related to the clinical practice through the understanding of the relevant mechanisms of wound repair.

Heuristic bias in perception of medical students relating to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests

AimThe aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of medical students with respect to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests focusing on the frequency and survival and to identify potential problems in resuscitation education. MethodsFourth-year medical students in a six-year undergraduate educational system were asked to guess the number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with cardiac etiology per year in Japan, related data such as the one-month survival rate from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with cardiac etiology and the number of deaths from traffic accidents for comparison. The guesses of students were compared with actual statistical data. ResultsThe incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests was clearly underestimated by the students compared to the real statistics. The median guessed number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests ranged from 6000 to 20,000 while the real statistics ranged from 73.023 to 78.302 by year (P ​< ​0.001 for all years). In contrast, the guessed number of deaths from traffic accidents was markedly overestimated: the median guessed number ranged from 8000 to 20,000 and the real statistics were 3694 to 4438 (P ​< ​0.001 for all years). The one-month survival rate was also underestimated: the guessed number was 50% and the real rate was 11.5 to 13.5% (P ​< ​0.001 for all years). ConclusionsOut-of-hospital cardiac arrests are underestimated in frequency, and survival after an arrest is overestimated by medical students. To recognize and to understand the heuristic bias in perception of learners is needed for resuscitation education in addition to promote resuscitation skills of learners.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ЗМІСТОВОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ НІМЕЦЬКОМОВНИХ КРАЇН

The research deals with the theoretical substantiation of a content component of vocational training of future specialists in tourism and analysis of the key processes of organizing higher tourism education in German-speaking countries. The article contains the pedagogical analysis of curricula for the training of future managerial staff in tourism at leading higher education institutions of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.The results of the research made it possible to establish disciplinary levels of professional formation within the system of undergraduate education leading to Bachelor degree in Tourism (Fundamentally Professional, Functionally Professional and Subject-Oriented) and of graduate education leading to Master's degree in Tourism (Object-Oriented, Practical and Applied, Scientific-Research). It is generated that a special attention in the organization of educational process is given to the quality of training. It is provided by the ability to quick adaption within the scientific and technological progress, the possession of vocational skills, the ability to use knowledge acquired in solving professional tasks; acquisition of skills and improvement of soft skills; formation of tourism industry specialist's readiness for foreign language interaction.It is proved that the background of forming the content component of vocational training of future specialists in tourism is based on a competency approach involving the construction of the education process, taking into account education guidelines, goals and content of tourism education and training.

Research on the practice of multi-school constructed clinical medical specialty under the standard system of undergraduate medical education

By analyzing the reasons and some potential problems especially like blocked manage-ment mechanism, distracted ideological recognition, imperfect quality standard and misplaced safeguard measures, this article practically brings out the viewpoint of multi-school constructed clinical medicine, which includes optimizing the management system by establishing a four-level management system for clini-cal teaching: university-clinical school-affiliated hospital-clinical teaching and research section; reaching consensus of running a university by integrating the concept of complementary advantage, resource sharing, health care and teaching coordination and mutual development; arriving at the goal of improving teaching quality by unifying teaching standards, strengthening the process management and reinforcing the teaching guarantee system. Key words: Clinical medicine education standard; Multi-school; Clinical medicine; Discipline construction

关于加强带教老师对检验本科实习生参与科研的几点体会

当前，随着医学科技发展和本科教育体制的逐渐改革，如何对本科实习生人员进行合理的培养，使他们能够进入工作岗位或继续攻读研究生前，建立起良好的科研思维、科研积极性和科研作风，对加强临床科研素质的培养乃至提高我国的医疗科研水平具有重要意义。我院作为医科大学的第一附属医院，具有良好的科研资源与平台，作者结合自身及周围同事几年来在检验工作之余指导本科生实习生参与科研项目的经历，总结了一些体会，供检验同行借鉴与推广应用。 Nowadays, as the development of medical science and technology and the reformation of under-graduate education system, how to culture undergraduate interns better than before, and how to build up a good medical research thinking and style before working and going on postgraduate are very important to strengthen the cultivating quality of clinical research and even improve medical research in our country. As the first affiliated hospital of medical university, our hospital has a good resource and platform of medical research. Therefore, on the basis of the guidance for clinical laboratory undergraduate interns to participate in research activities during spare time of working by us, I and my colleagues have summarized some experience for application.

Representations of a high-quality system of undergraduate education in English higher education policy documents

This article examines the ways in which a high-quality system of undergraduate education is represented in recent policy documents from a range of actors interested in higher education. Drawing on Basil Bernstein's ideas, the authors conceptualise the policy documents as reflecting a struggle over competing views of quality that are expressed through pedagogic discourses. They identify two pedagogic discourses: a dominant market-oriented generic discourse and an alternative discourse that focuses on transformation. They argue that the market-oriented generic discourse is dominant because it is more coherent and more consistently presented than the alternative discourse, which is much more fractured. In conclusion, they argue that refocusing the alternative discourse of quality around students' relations to academic knowledge may offer a way in which to bring the different actors from the higher education field together in order to form a stronger, more cohesive voice.

DILEMAS CONTEMPORÂNEOS NA GRADUAÇÃO BRASILEIRA: DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES NACIONAIS (DCN’S), UM ESTUDO SOBRE O DOCUMENTO

The aim of this paper is to examine the National Curriculum Guidelines, an official federal document on the Brazilian educational system. It does so by drawing a parallel between the Guidelines and the contemporary context of the neoliberal globalized world from a reading of the document. It analyzes the dilemmas, contradictions and convergences between the Guidelines (drawn up as an inspiration for the Brazilian undergraduate educational system) and the political, economic, educational and cultural presuppositions of the neoliberal model of society. So, this text is based on ideas which are vital for such an analysis, namely, globalization, ideology, curriculum, power etc.

Catholic Higher Education in Protestant America: The Jesuits and Harvard in the Age of the University (review)

Reviewed by Mark Massa, S.J. Fordham University Catholic Higher Education in Protestant America: The Jesuits and Harvard in the Age of the University. By Kathleen A. Mahoney. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 2003. Pp. xi, 348. $42.95.) Kathleen Mahoney has undertaken the challenging historiographic task of answering the call issued by Martin Marty several decades ago to "fuse l'histoire de mentalité with narrative line" in American religious history, and she has admirably succeeded in her well written and engaging monograph. The narrative focus of Mahoney's study is the 1893 decision of Harvard's president Charles W. Eliot to bar graduates of Jesuit colleges from regular admission to Harvard Law School. The tension generated by this decision erupted into a full-blown, nationally publicized controversy, marking (among other things) the Gilded Age transition from the era of the denominational college to the "age of the university," as well as highlighting the surprising (and, in the view of the Jesuits, disturbing) fact that already, by the 1890's, the vast majority of American Catholic college students were enrolled in non-Catholic institutions, leaving Catholic colleges under-subscribed. The l'histoire de mentalité opened up by this important but surprisingly under-studied historical event is the conjunction of two very different understandings of "higher education" that clashed in Gilded Age America: the Jesuit pedagogical ideal embodied in the famed Ratio studiorum, a plan of studies formalized by the Jesuits in 1599 privileging the Renaissance ideals of classical-language training, rhetoric, and moral formation, and the new ideal of the modern "liberal" university privileging scientific reasoning and the "elective" system of undergraduate education, allowing each student to create an individualized course of study. As Mahoney so elegantly shapes her story, the Jesuit devotion to the Ratio in fact becomes the embodiment of a much broader Christian ideal of college education that had led the Congregationalists to establish Williams College, the Baptists to sponsor Colgate, and the Methodists to support Wesleyan University. Over against this quite revered "denominational" ideal of a moral formation dedicated to shaping a "Christian manhood" trained for service in church and state, President Eliot of Harvard—in conjunction with other educational giants like Daniel Coit Gilman of The Johns Hopkins University and William Rainey Harper of the University of Chicago—came to see "traditional" liberal arts education like that embodied in the Jesuit system of higher education as being "rooted in the past and thus irrelevant to the wants of the day in modern, Protestant America" (p. 59). But Mahoney's richly textured study quite cannily avoids a simple "us versus them," Catholic against liberal Protestant set of debates; indeed, at least as interesting as the publicized debates between Eliot and the Jesuit presidents of Holy Cross, Boston College, and Georgetown which she narrates is her subtle exploration of an even more complex "intramural" debate among Jesuit educators over internal competing impulses in the ideals of Jesuit education: the desire to remain faithful to the "wisdom of the fathers" as embodied in the Ratio over against the call of the Constitutions of the Society of Jesus to adapt their educational [End Page 700] programs, when necessary, "to the times, persons, and places they encountered." As the American Jesuits came to understand that their colleges, with their traditional course of studies and strict discipline, were rejected by increasing numbers of middle-class Catholics (in the process making Harvard the largest Catholic university in the United States), a heated debate emerged within the Society of Jesus over how much of the Ratio could (or should) be retained in the service of an apostolic vision which—since its enunciation by Ignatius Loyola—had held up "cultural adaptation" as an apostolic ideal. As Mahoney so elegantly interprets this important historical encounter, the Jesuits' adaptation to the newly emergent ideal of the "research university" did not entail a complete concession to "modernity," but rather a mix...

Present Situation of Korean Nursing

This thesis explores the actual circumstances of Korean nursing by investigating its present situations. Ultimately, the intent of this study aims to establish a future direction of Korean Nursing. As such, the current conditions of Korean nursing is analyzed in the following categories: education, practice, research, nursing policy, expansion of nursing field, and entrepreneurship. In the final conclusion, an appropriate orientation of the future of Korean nursing is discussed. There are two primary Nursing programs, a three-year(63) and a four-year(53), in Korean Nursing education. Master's programs are available at 32 nursing schools or 32 professional graduate schools. A total of 15 nursing schools have a doctoral program in Korea. The ratio of graduates between the three-year and four year programs is 76:24. Hence, it is highly encouraged to expand four-year nursing programs, because it will help raise the social status of nursing professionals as well as the quality of nursing. In the clinical nursing field, independency and self regulation are critical. As such, organizational change, implementation of a standardized nursing m information system, appropriate workforce, and improvement of the reimbursement system in nursing is recommended. In community nursing, the following should be resolved to provide better nursing services: improvement of working condition and benefits, establishment of a law enforcing the hiring of nurses, and providing continuing education. The number of nursing research has increased and nursing studies are in great quantity. However, research in practices and theories are more in demanded. Hence, research that integrates theories and practices are very significant. Ultimately, it is critical to support nursing studies that will influence nursing policy. The Korean Nurses Association(KNA) is an organization that supervises the nation's nursing policy. The primary focus of KNA is to combine the three and four year undergraduate education systems into 4 years and to establish the Nursing Practice Act. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has adapted a system to educate and certify nurse specialists in 10 nursing areas in 21 nursing graduate schools expecting high-quality nursing services and a decrease of cost. The government also allowed nurses to operate facilities for health management or welfare agencies.

A Critique of the External Product Evaluation of the Brazilian System of Undergraduate Education.

Les auteurs proposent une analyse critique du systeme d'evaluation mis en place par le gouvernement bresilien afin de mesurer l'efficacite des enseignements donnees dans le universites du pays. Apres avoir decrit le systeme d'evaluation, ils en soulignent les limites

Integrating the Web into Existing Extension and Educational Technology

Recent studies by academic, extension, and private foundation “think tanks” have reaffirmed the land-grant philosophy as an important component of American society in the 21st century. According to Bill Campbell's dictum, successful land-grant systems will have more closely integrated educational, research, and extension programs characterized as more ACCESSIBLE, AFFORDABLE, and ACCOUNTABLE than current models. The World Wide Web affords the land-grant professional an information delivery/teaching system that conforms to Campbell's three As. Web technology is evolving rapidly, necessitating continuous and rapid adaptation by information providers. The availability of low-cost, user-friendly Web access through home TVs promises to upset the existing paradigms of extension information delivery through county offices and undergraduate instruction exclusively in the campus classroom. Some land-grant professionals have adopted Web technology as a tool to deliver educational programs and coursework; however, the vast majority have not. Most faculty continue to distribute information in a printed form, citing as justification the very steep learning curve and time involved in formatting materials for electronic delivery. We have emphasized the need for life-long learning to our clientele and students; we must heed our own advice. The transition from a paper-based, county-centered extension delivery system and campus classroom-oriented undergraduate educational system is being facilitated by satellite and compressed video conferencing, and Web server networks. Faculty must develop the ability to integrate appropriate technology into their own programs, since it is clear that the “efficient” land-grant systems of the future will not provide them with the support personnel to do it for them.

Teaching of analytical chemistry in the U.S.

Analytical chemistry has long heen, and continues to he, an important component of the undergraduate Bachelor of Science Chemistry degree in most colleges and universities in the U.S. It typically occupies the position in the curriculum where the student first encounters lecture and laboratory instruction in quantitative measurements of chemical materials, and sometimes is the student’s first quantitative experimentation of any form. The skills and attitudes developed in this course in quantitative measurements are underpinnings of subsequent stages of the curriculum, including experimental physical chemistry. Analytical chemistry plays a second important role by introducing the undergraduate student to the principles and applications of chemical transducers, I will refer to chemical transducers in this article in the sense of devices and means by which chemists convert chemical structural and compositional information into recordable electrical and optical phenomena, e.g., a molecular absorption spectrum, a mass spectrum, a cyclic voltammogram, a chromatogram, a pH reading, or a change in molecular conductivity. The chemist’s transducer is in many ways an interface between chemistry and physics in the student’s training, albeit not often mentioned as such by the professor (I use “professor” in the U.S. sense: a teacher). Chemical transducers are pervasive in instruments found in undergraduate organic and physical chemistry and biochemistry laboratory courses. These inst~ments are often used on an empifical basis, preceding explanation of their principles in an analytical course in the terminal year of the curriculum. Chemical transduce& are employed by nearly all chemists who continue further study and/or pursue a professional career in science. Hence, an appreciation of chemical transducers is perhaps the broadest and most lasting contribution that analytical chemistry plays in undergraduate education in the U.S. Analytical chemistry also plays an important role in Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Arts undergraduate degree programs undertaken by students aiming at careers in the health sciences (medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, public health). Individuals in health science and health care professions frequently need to seek or use research or clinical diagnostic information derived from analytical chemical experiments and tests. An appreciation, even if only in general terms, of the basis and limitations of such tests, is critical in the use of the scientific approach needed in many elements of the heafth science and health care professions. An understanding of chemical transducers, and particularly of their limitations, could plausibly be a component of Bachelor of Engineering curricula, but with the exception of Chemical Engineering this is seldom the case. The principal thrust of this article will be the history of the analytical chemisty component of the modern B.S. chemistry curriculum offered in the U.S. to those students planning professional careers in chemistry. A historical perspective often yields a better understanding of the present; since the elements of older approaches to chemical education are usually strongly filtered by events of subsequent years, the most essential tenets are those that survive. I will begin my “history” in the 195Os, since this was the beginning both of a period of great change in analyti~l chemistry, and of my own professional exposure to analytical chemistry. Any article on chemical education, especially one with a historical intent, must come with caveats. The most important here is that there is considerable (for better or worse) diversity in the U.S. undergraduate educational system. B.S. chemistry degrees are offered by four-year colleges where the faculty, and hence also the students, often have little if any research involvement, and by large universities where the faculty are deeply committed to chemical research and where undergraduates meet graduate students who serve as teachers as well as role models. There is a continuum of institutions between these extreme types. Because of this diversity, I will inevitably but unintentionally miss elements of analytical chemistry as taught in some institutions. My second caveat is that, to avoid an entirely anecdotal approach, I will engage in a “textbook archaeoIogy”, using the contents of textbooks in analytical chemistry published at different points in time, to document various points of emphasis in analytical chemistry as they were taught on a national scale. Of course many professors, including probably the pioneer teachers, choose to use their own notes for their lectures rather