The foundations of the dynamical theory of biological communities were laid down in the work of Volterra and Lotka [1, 2]. Both these studies were an outgrowth of the solution of problems arising in connection with growth of specific populations. All populations are characterized by a range of standard processes, which include birth and death of individuals, spreading of individuals, predation, competition, selection, etc. These processes are described by a large number of variables that show complex interactions and nonlinear dependencies. The Lotka–Volterra equations are based on a conjecture known as the “collision principle” or “paired interaction principle,” which assumes additive contribution of each population to the relative growth rate of each population—an assumption that has adequate biological justification [3]. The growth rate of a population in the absence of any other species is taken proportional to its size, and this assumption is much less adequate for processes observed in biological communities. For instance, higher organisms generally display sexual propagation. If the number of individuals of each sex is approximately half the total population and the number of progeny is a linear function of the number of encounters between individuals of opposite sexes, then the growth rate of the given population in the absence of other species is proportional to the square of its size. The evolution of the spatial distribution of individuals is commonly described by “reaction–diffusion” equations [4–7]. On the microscopic level, for a single individual, this assumes random, “accidental” motion. In this article we generalize the system of Lotka–Volterra equations allowing for the phenomenon of transport. A species dynamics determined by a model with transport arises, for instance, under conditions of strong water flows—fast rivers or sea currents. Let zi be the distribution density of species i among all individuals, i = 1, n; z0 i the initial population density of species i on the interval [0, l]; a the flow speed; bi the propagation coefficients; individuals propagate according to a quadratic law (this reflects the fact that the increase in the number of individuals is proportional to the number of encounters of individuals of opposite sex); the mortality coefficient determined by environmental constraints is proportional to the total birth rate. The model is described by the following system of semi-linear equations:
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