System Of Public-private Partnership Research Articles

Specifics of the implementation of key parameters for the systematization of PPP projects

The purpose of writing this paper is the theoretical substantiation of the thesis about the system of public-private partnership as an optimal tool for the development of energy efficiency of domestic production and its transfer to the innovative nature of development. When solving the problem of effective design of the mechanism of regulation of national and regional industrial markets in order to increase the resource efficiency of production activities and, as a result, increase the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, it is necessary to take into account the presence of significant sectoral heterogeneity of these markets. This heterogeneity is manifested not only in the existence of industries that perform different economic and production functions and, accordingly, perform various social functions, but also in the geographical space of the region. This means that in the process of forming the target set of management of the aggregate industry market, it is necessary to start from the existing sectoral and institutional specifics in the market. In this case, the specifics of the company are a combination of resources and the presence of goals that represent the embodiment of the strategic vision of the company's development by its management. In the structure of the institutions of the company's external environment, elements can be identified that exist independently of its functioning, on which it cannot have a significant impact, but which have a significant impact.

Public-private partnership as an institution contributing to the integration of the economy of the Donetsk People's Republic into the economy of the Russian Federation: methodological aspect

Subject. With the entry of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) into the Russian Federation, it has become highly important to study the mechanisms of interaction and interpenetration of the two economies contributing to the formation of a single state. To implement this task, it is of paramount importance to adjust institutions, including the institution of public-private partnership (PPP). Objectives. To study the system of relations of public-private partnership and to find a model of public-private partnership which will fit the current state of the production forces in the DPR and contribute to the corresponding integration process. Methodology. The core principles of economic theory that address issues related to public-private partnership, the development of PPP relations, its forms, and models serve as the theoretical and methodological foundation of this study. The study is based on the dialectical method, which made it possible to identify inconsistencies within the public-private partnership system and suggest solutions to resolve them. This will ensure the integration of the DPR economy into the economy of the Russian Federation. The results of the study were substantiated by means of the retrospective analysis of the practice of public-private partnership relations in the Russian Federation, the DPR, and in foreign countries. Such analysis allowed validating the most effective mechanisms and models of PPP appropriate for the current circumstances in the DPR and the Russian Federation, encompassing the context of the special military operation. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there are different methodological approaches to defining PPP. Scientists and practitioners tend to use a pragmatic approach and characterise PPP in the context of specific projects, which allows them to implement its specific models and mechanisms. On the other hand, a lack of thorough analysis of socio-economic relations within PPPs makes it difficult to search for an effective model of relations between the state and business. Therefore, the authors studied the subject within a socio-economic approach. This made it possible to develop a concept of public-private partnership relations which will fit the current circumstances, challenges, and threats (in which the economy of the DPR is functioning) and contribute to the integration of the economy of the DPR into the economy of the Russian Federation.

Improving the Legislation on Public-Private Partnerships in Environmental Protection in the BRICS Countries

The Concept of Sustainable Development is one of the basic principles of the modern world. An increasing number of fields are coming under regulation governed by this concept. Recent updates to the environmental agenda have resulted in growing demands for increased environmental responsibility on the part of states and businesses. The global nature of environmental problems, their diversity and scale, and, at times, the irreversibility of the consequences of the negative environmental impact of the economy often provide for the consolidation of efforts by the state and business, particularly, through the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms. This article focuses on the pros and cons of legislation in the BRICS countries in the area of PPP practice in general and in environmental protection in particular. The data and PPP practices have been collected from the World Bank, UNCITRAL, and other official national sources related to PPP. An analysis of the legislation on PPPs in the BRICS countries indicates a lack of uniformity in the legal regulation of the relationships arising from this partnership, as well as a lack of specific legislation on PPPs specifically addressing environmental protection. The analysis shows that only those BRICS countries using the common law system (South Africa and India) have the instruments available to allow potential investors to fully assess the PPP model as it currently exists in a particular country. This practice developed as a result of a more flexible approach to the regulation of public relations. Undoubtedly, one of the many advantages of this approach is the ability to adjust the PPP system and model all of the known forms and types of PPPs in accordance with the specific needs of society and the state. The lack of flexibility, for example, of the Russian legislation on PPP regulation, has led to the limited forms or types and objects of PPPs, which is inconsistent with the modern needs of society and the state to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

The Fulfillment of Prisoners' Rights by Establishing Private Prisons as an Alternative to Prisoner Development is Reviewed from Law Number 22 of 2022 Concerning Corrections

The problem of prisons in Indonesia has not been resolved until now. There are 3 (three) main problems to date, namely, Overcrowded Prisoners, Lack of Human Resources in Prisons and Large Costs. This greatly affects the rights of prisoners themselves, where the rights of prisoners have been regulated both in International (Standard minimum Rules For The Treatment Of Prisoner) and National provisions (Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections). This research aims to answer legal problems regarding how the government has been managing prisons and private prisons as an alternative solution to the problems of prisons in Indonesia. To answer the research problem, this study uses a type of normative legal research with a legal approach, concepts and comparisons. The data used are secondary data supported by primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials obtained through literature research or document studies. The results of this study show that in managing prisons, legally Indonesia has made significant improvements and more implemented the human rights system by changing the orientation of retaliation to coaching prisoners. However, in its implementation, the Indonesian government still finds it difficult to implement these noble intentions and until now there are 3 (three) major problems that have not been addressed, namely Overcrowded Prisoners, Lack of Human Resources in Prisons and Large Costs. To be able to implement these noble intentions, there is an alternative solution, namely the implementation of private prisons with the Public Private Partnership system or Hybrid System where this system has been successfully applied in France and produces efficiency for the state

Public-private partnership management systems: analysis of foreign experience

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate and analyze foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (PPP) management systems, highlight their country-specific features and present the most successful practices of its development. The article presents foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (hereinafter PPP) project management systems, highlights their country-specific features and presents the most successful practices of its development. The authors touched upon aspects of legislative and regulatory support, principles of the PPP management and development system, long-term planning of infrastructure development, tools and methods, creation and organization of public administration bodies within the framework of PPP.The result of the article is the collection and study of data on the implementation and implementation of the PPP mechanism in foreign countries, based on the collected data, during the study of practical experience accumulated in the field of public-private partnership, to determine the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. As part of the study methods of analysis, theoretical and logical methods of generalization, comparison and comparison, deduction and induction, methods of formalization, logical interpretation, methods of logical reasoning, the method of tabular representation of the results, analysis and evaluation were used. The main results and practical relevance of the work are systematized foreign practice of regulatory and legal support of the PPP project management system, the organization of the public administration system in the framework of PPP, which allowed to define the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. The authors have made recommendations for improving the PPP system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The concept of urbanization development and regulation in Uzbekistan

The article shows the need to develop a concept for the development and regulation of urbanization in Uzbekistan, which is a new direction for ensuring sustainable socio-economic, innovative development based on the formation of the urban environment and urban lifestyle. The principles of the formation of urban policy are formulated, objects and subjects are identified. It offers new priorities of its development direction: application of new methods of management, based on the cluster approach of urban development in conjunction with regional development with the optimal use of existing resources on the basis of naturaleconomic potential of cities and efficient deployment of productive forces; by introducing the principles of «green» economy; based on innovative development on market conditions, development of the system of public private partnership and attracting investors by providing favorable conditions for the business environment.

РАЗВИТИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКОГО КРАЯ)

As domestic and foreign practice shows, that public-private partnership (PPP) is a mutually beneficial cooperation between government and business, which contributes to the development of the economy, social sphere, entrepreneurship, and solving problems in a particular territory. The active development of PPP in the Russian Federation began in 2015 and today it can be argued that PPP is developing as a social institution, its regulatory and legal framework has been formed, which is being supplemented and improved, there are organizational mechanisms and a management system in this area, PPP projects are being actively implemented, an increasing number of participants at the federal, regional and municipal levels. However, the level of development of PPP in the regions varies from high to low. The work is devoted to the study of the features of the development of public-private partnership in the Transbaikal Region. The object of research is public-private partnership as a social institution. The subject of the study is the factors of development and problems of PPP in the Transbaikal Region. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the development of PPP in the Transbaikal Region, to develop recommendations for eliminating problem areas. The research objectives are the following: to reveal the concept, essence and advantages of public-private partnership; determine the level of development of PPP in the Transbaikal Region in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation and the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District; to give an analysis of the regulatory and organizational basis of PPP at the regional level; identify the problems of PPP in the Transbaikal Region; to give recommendations on improving the PPP sphere in the region. The theoretical basis of the study is related to the theories of public administration and state regulation of the economy. The author has used the methodology of a systematic approach, the principle of theory and practice unity, the principle of objectivity, as well as general scientific research methods: analysis and synthesis, logical method, comparison; sociological methods: expert survey. The paper presents an analysis of approaches to the definition of PPP in the scientific literature and legislative practice, gives a comparative description of PPP, its advantages and opportunities for the state and the private partner. The dynamics of the PPP development in the Transbaikal Region in the period from 2014 to 2020 is determined. This dynamics is determined by a number of factors and conditions that develop at the national and regional levels, such as economic and political factors, financial and legal conditions, technological progress and socio-cultural factors. The level of PPP development in the Transbaikal Region is not high, but there is a trend towards positive dynamics: the number of PPP projects is increasing; the legislative framework and organizational and financial conditions for the PPP development are being improved. The limiting factors are the low investment attractiveness of the region, the unbalanced system of planning and management of the PPP sphere, the insufficient number of highly qualified personnel in this area, the lack of a unified information platform and a specialized regional center for the PPP development. The driving factors for the development of the PPP sphere can be considered various benefits and preferences for investors in the Far Eastern Federal District, which the Transbaikal Region entered in 2018, the activity of the authorities and their competence. The paper presents recommendations for improving the PPP system, taking into account the best practices of other regions of the Russian Federation

Динамика изменения социально-экономических параметров в Республике Корея в условиях COVID-19 в 2020–2021 гг.

Introduction. The modern world is going through one of its most difficult periods in the history. The new virus, called COVID-19, was not at first perceived by the world community as a real threat that would fundamentally change the global way of life, making it reconsider the methods of implementing collective security and close borders. Many states had to isolate not only at the international level, but also had to close their regions to reduce the number of the infected. This led to disruptions of transport, logistics and socio-economic ties and resulted in a most unusual situation — the global isolation of states. Every state had to build their own tactics and strategies for overcoming the crisis. In this respect, the case of the Republic of Korea is of particular interest. The article aims to analyze the situation with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea in 2020–2021 and measures taken by the Republic’s government to combat the spread of COVID-19 and reduce negative trends. The study focuses on the key characteristics of these methods and their effectiveness. The research materials were based on the data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Korea, the Korea Export-Import Bank, the Korea International Trade Association (KITA), the Trade Department of the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Mongolia (KOTRA), and of such international organizations as the WTO, OECD, and IMF. The study employed general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and historical methods proper — retrospective, comparative, and structural. Results. The article indicates that despite some decline in general economic performance, the Republic of Korea was able to adapt to the new conditions caused by the coronavirus infection. The crisis was largely overcome thanks to organizing, among other things, a system of public-private partnership in the field of diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of the infected. Analysis of the set of measures taken by the Republic’s government, as well as of the official statistics, allows to identify the main trends in the development of the socio-economic sphere in the past two years of the pandemic. By way of concluding, it may be pointed out that the case of the Republic of Korea, with the tactics of its government and the social experience accumulated, is of significant relevance for other states in their efforts to combat the coronavirus and its social consequences, granted that the world community has to develop optimal strategies to overcome the pandemic.

Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure in Public-Private Partnership In Financial Technology In Indonesia

We collect reports from the Asian development bank (adb.org) related to information and communication technology infrastructure development projects with a public-private partnership system. For fintech development data, we use secondary data from the OJK or the Indonesian financial data authority. We process data by matching the timing of each project and the impact on the development of fintech in Indonesia including financial literacy which also uses sources from the OJK. The period of the year in data collection is 10 years, namely from 2010 to 2020 with a monthly data period so that there are 120 data periods in the calculation for each variable (12 months per year x 10 years). We use the ARDL model to understand the causal relationship of each variable. We found that in the long term information and communication technology infrastructure development projects with a public-private partnership system (ITCD) have a significant positive relationship to financial literacy in Indonesia. However, the short term is not significant. This demonstrates that the long-term effects of infrastructure development may be felt after the project is done. Fintech development (FD), in contrast to ITCD, does not have a long-term beneficial influence on financial literacy in Indonesia. However, there will be a major beneficial influence in the near run. In both the long and medium-term, the Indonesian government's infrastructure budget for information and communication technology infrastructure development (IFB) has a substantial influence on financial literacy in Indonesia. Similarly, both in the short and long term, the public-private partnership budget ratio (PPPR) has a strong beneficial influence on financial literacy in Indonesia.

Теоретические подходы к обеспечению эффективного взаимодействия государственных и негосударственных медицинских учреждений в формате государственно-частного партнерства.

Expanding the sphere of interaction between the state and the medical business is one of the priorities for the development of the medical services market in the Russian Federation. The healthcare reform, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, digital healthcare, and high medical technologies, is primarily aimed at improving the quality of medical services and the availability of highly qualified medical care for all segments of the population. Accessibility, quality and timeliness of medical care are the main postulates of the daily activities of a private medical institution. during the period of increasing crisis phenomena in the economy and social sphere, private medicine can provide significant assistance to the state health service, become the “lifesaver” for the domestic health protection system, which today is mostly represented by the public sector. One of the most effective mechanisms of interaction between the state and private business, adopted all over the world, is the system of public-private partnership. The purpose of the study is to analyze possible forms and mechanisms of interaction between the medical business and the state within the framework of public-private partnership. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The assessment of the current regulatory framework was carried out, a significant volume of domestic and foreign literary publications was analyzed, the main theoretical hypothesis was formulated on the basis of the systematic scientific method and a research plan was built. R e s u l t s . In the course of the conducted research, objective main cause-and-effect factors affecting the development of an adequate system of public-private partnership in the field of medicine and healthcare have been identified and analyzed, in terms of the distribution of benefits, costs and risks carried out on the principles of long-term, voluntary, manageability, legal validity between a private medical organization and federal and/or municipal executive authorities. The main causal factors include insufficient funding, an unfavorable demographic situation, low efficiency of using the resource base, a reduction in the bed fund under the guise of “optimization”, a decrease in the social level of the population and the redistribution of the medical and diagnostic structure due to the COVID‑19 infection pandemic. It should be recognized that the state system of medical care is not always able to fully meet the needs of societies for high-quality qualified medical care. The analysis of foreign literature has shown that medical services abroad successfully use the principle of public-private partnership, redistributing efforts to form the necessary institutional environment in healthcare between private business and the state. Such a form of interaction as concession, leasing, franchise, outsourcing, aufstaffing allows us to optimally balance the interests of the medical business and public health, significantly optimize the budget costs for health protection, especially in a difficult epidemiological period. The result of the research was the development of a conceptual and theoretical model of various forms of interaction between private medical business and government agencies within the framework of public-private partnership programs. C o n c l u s i o n s . Thus, public-private partnership is an effective economic tool that ensures the coincidence of the interests of private medical business and the state, allowing to make a profit for both subjects of medical activity, with a reduction in state budget expenditures for healthcare purposes, but with the preservation of high quality medical services and resource provision.

TÜRK SAĞLIK HUKUKUNDA KAMU ÖZEL ORTAKLIĞININ GELİŞİMİ

The public‒private partnership system has been established in the form of city hospitals for the provision of health services effectively and extensively in line with the needs of modern times. However, there still remains a need for centralised PPP management, familiar with all dimensions of PPP issues that benefit the public while at the same time attracting putative investors for the sustainability of the model. Objective: This study examines the latest legal situation of the Public Private Partnership in the health sector in Turkey in the light of its historical development and proposes necessary recommendations for a sustainable system for all stakeholders. Method: The legislation adopted so far in the health sector in Turkey has been reviewed within the scope of judicial decisions. In terms of the relevant law that came into force, the deficiencies of the system on the legal basis were revealed and comparisons were made with other foreign local legislation and international texts. Findings: It has been determined that public disclosure/transparency is inevitable for the legitimacy of the system, especially in the Public-Private Partnership model in health sector, which needs to be planned considering the public interest. Thus, it is foreseen that the interests of both putative investors and the public can be balanced. As a result, the sustainability of the system can be ensured. Originality: This article does not only examine the development of the national legislation in its historical scene and the latest legal texts in force, but also examines the works of international organizations that deal with the Public Private Partnership model by comparing other national legislation and practices. Thus, the result puts before us a system that has been tested or is applicable at a global level.

Ways To Improve Private Sector Activities Through Public Private Partnership System

We all know that giving independence to small businesses increases their sense of responsibility for the end result. The development of small business and private entrepreneurship is one of the most important priorities of economic reforms in our country. In particular, one of the main tasks of commercial banks today is to provide small businesses with sufficient financial resources and services.

International experience in the application of public-private partnership in the field of healthcare

The modernization of the healthcare sector today is intricately associated with the necessity of additional financial investments, including private capital, which is also reflected in the general global trends in the development of public-private partnership (PPP) practices. Today, PPPs are becoming an effective mechanism for implementing innovative treatment practices, re-equipping medical institutions, improving the quality of medical care, and modernizing and digitalizing the healthcare sector altogether. In this regard, it becomes urgent to study the best practices of applying the PPP mechanism in the field of healthcare in different countries for the possibility of adapting the successful experiences in the Russian reality.
 To date, no state has been able to build an ideal system of PPP. Thus, in the field of healthcare, it is critically important to conduct regular analysis of PPP projects, study mistakes and apply positive practices aimed to improve the procedures and mechanisms for effective cooperation between business and the state.

MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

Public-private partnership (PPP) has been getting momentum in market economies since the 1990s. Originally, it was created as a way of financing infrastructure projects, but its application since then has covered areas such as education, healthcare, high technology and many others. As the bulk of research in the domain of PPP is on the microeconomic impact and the analysis of the success of concrete PPP projects, the aim of this paper is to integrate these findings into a broader framework depicting macroeconomic aspects of public-private partnership. The existing literature, although not as extensive, points to several aspects that may affect economic development on the local, regional, and national levels, with greater adoption of PPP projects and their implementation. The paper introduces explanations for the elements of risk sharing between public and private partners, economic benefits, and costs in PPP, as well as the specific PPP channels of influence on the national economy and the PPP system dynamic model. One of the objectives is the analysis of the existing concept for estimating macroeconomic impacts of PPP, which could be used for evaluating its potential contribution to the growth and development of the national economy.

Entrepreneurship Education Prospects in The Public-Private Partnership System

Entrepreneurship Education Prospects in The Public-Private Partnership System

Problems of Innovation and Technological Development of Mining Enterprises of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

It is shown that when implementing Industry 4.0 technological concept development in the Russian economy and changing the structure of industrial production it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the Arctic mining enterprises what determines the need for their technological modernization. The analysis of activities of thirty-two mining enterprises operating in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation by implementation of innovation projects was carried out and it is shown that only a third of enterprises in 2013-2019 introduced technological innovations. To stimulate an innovation activity of enterprises it is proposed to include the possibility of “quasi-self-financing” of industrial production into the system of public-private partnership. To assess the economic feasibility of technological modernization of enterprises and accordingly to develop a strategy for innovation development it is proposed to use the developed methodology of investment and innovation analysis as a new direction of economic analysis of production systems.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article examines the development of the public-private partnership (PPP) system and clarifies its main stages and models. The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of the public-private partnership system and determine the main trends in its evolution in modern conditions. Public policy is being transformed towards the emergence of forms that strengthen the potential of public administration at the expense of the existing capabilities of the private owner. The features of theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the public-private partnership system in various sectors of the economy are analyzed. It was determined that the PPP system goes through various stages of development, characterized by a certain composition of subjects, objects and processes. The identified stages of PPP development are not linear, they can be used simultaneously, coexist and mutate in both directions. It was revealed that the PPP process is based on relations between economic and managerial categories (form of ownership, financial relations, and mechanisms for managing economic agents). The PPP system provides not only the creation of services, but also implements certain functions in the process of state regulation of the economy. The use of various forms allows PPP to ensure the implementation of the administrative and control functions of the state. Based on life cycle approaches, a theoretical model of the phased formation of a public-private partnership system is proposed, which has a relationship with technological paradigms (management technologies) and explains the main approaches to the development of the PPP system in several periods. The key points of the system have been identified: the formation of institutions; completion of the introduction and creation of a new management technology; excessive government interference; paradigm shift. The stages of PPP development have been determined. It is concluded that the new technological order, management technologies lead to the emergence of a more developed PPP system based on deepening cooperation between public and private partners.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ОКРЕМИХ ВИДІВ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА У СФЕРІ ПОСЛУГ В УМОВАХ КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector. Difficult economic conditions have been identified for the functioning of certain types of business in the service sector associated with the consequences of the coronavirus disease COVID-19. An innovative approach is proposed (creation of an innovative product aimed at the external market) in shaping the development of the service sector, the transition to instruments of state financing of innovations – a system of public-private partnership. The features of the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises in the provision of services in the context of a pandemic have been studied. The direction of business activity in the service sector is considered, an integrated approach is used in the field of business and marketing activities. The main functions of entrepreneurship in the service sector are determined. The current issues of the formation of the features of the service market during the period of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions are analyzed. The functional directions of resource provision of certain types of entrepreneurship have been substantiated and their separate influence on the service sector in a pandemic has been revealed. The analysis of indicators of the economic development of the service sector in the total volume of commercial enterprises, as well as an analysis of the low efficiency of services in the field of business in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The main problems and obstacles for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the provision of services under quarantine restrictions have been identified. According to the results of a survey of the business sector, the most profitable financial services were identified, which tend to increase economic indicators, which, in turn, will contribute to an increase in financial revenues to the country's budget. Trends in the development of entrepreneurial activity on the scale considered are identified and ways to increase the competitiveness of certain types of business in the service sector in the context of a pandemic are proposed.

РОЛЬ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ В РАЗВИТИИ ДЕЛОВОГО ТУРИЗМА

The article examines the role and importance of the infrastructure of the tourist complex for the formation of demand for business tourism. The analysis of the state and development of hotels and hotels included in the system of business tourism infrastructure. An assessment of the main problems and areas of investment in the infrastructure of the tourism industry of the Russian Federation is given. The possibility of including investments through the system of public-private partnership is analyzed.

Improving the system of public-private partnership in the field of preschool education in the Moscow region

Improving the system of public-private partnership in the field of preschool education in the Moscow region