Plant Protection System Research Articles

Improvement of potato cultivation technology elements in production conditions

The results of improving potato cultivation technology by increasing the efficiency of plant protection system in the conditions of production experience are presented. The study was conducted in 2021–2023 on the lands of the OOO "Druzhba-2" (Bryansk region, Zhiryatinsky district). Two potato varieties of the first reproduction, Red Scarlett (Netherlands) and Gala (Germany), were the object of the study. The experiment scheme included two variants: 1) traditional potato protection system adopted in the farm (control); 2) improved protection system. Both protection systems are aimed at the prevention of pests (Colorado potato beetle, snap beetle larvae), weeds (cleavers, black nightshade, purple deadnettle, lamb's quarters, wild camomile, annual bluegrass, wind bent grass) and diseases (early blight, late blight, silver scurf, rhizoctoniose, various types of rots, pythium). Soils of the sites are sod-podzolic. The forecrop is winter rapeseed. The total area of the production experiment was 120 ha (60 ha under each variety). Potatoes were grown under intensive technology with conventional tillage system on a 75 × 28 cm pattern. Planting rate is 50 thousand tubers per 1 ha. The technology is designed to obtain tuber yields of 40–60 t/ha. Experimentally it has been established that the application of the improved technology with the use of a new plant protection system for the farm contributes to an increase in plant stand density and their safety at the time of harvesting by 2.5–3.0%, increase in the number of tubers from one plant by 7.5–10.0%, average weight of one tuber – by 7–11%, weight of tubers from one plant – by 14.5–23.0%, yield – by 17–26%, marketability – by 12.5–14.5%, marketable yield – by 32–45%, conditional net income – by 16.2–24.5%.

Impact of biological fungicides on the formation and functioning of symbiotic system soybean–Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Background. In order to reduce the negative impact of mineral fertilizers and pesticides on agroecosystems, environmentally friendly plant protection systems are increasingly being utilized in soybean cultivation technologies. These systems aim to provide essential nutrients to plants while minimizing ecological harm. Materials and Methods. In vegetative studies, the processes of formation and functioning of symbiotic systems in soybeans with active strains of nodulating bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum (РC07, PC09, B78, B144) were investigated under the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment with the biofungicides Mycosan-N and Phytocide-r. Microbiological, physiological, statistical methods, and gas chromatography were employed in the research. Results. The impact of biological fungicides on the nodulation activity of nodule bacteria has been identified. It was determined that with comprehensive treatment of soybean seeds with B. japonicum РC07 and Mycosan-N, the mass of nodules formed on the roots exceeded that of the control plants by 7‒22 %, and under the influence of Phytocide-r, the mass was lower by 6‒20 % throughout the vegetation period. With the combined application of B. japonicum PC09 and Mycosan-N, a decrease in the number of root nodules by 8‒25 % and a reduction in their mass by 18‒35 % was observed throughout the vegetation period. Under the influence of Phytocide-r, with the inoculation of rhizobia strain PC09, the number of nodules was lower compared to the control plants only in the full flowering stage. At the same time, the reduction in their mass was 6‒20 % throughout the entire observation period. A stimulating effect of both biofungicides on the formation of the symbiotic apparatus involving strains B. japonicum B78 and B144 has been identified. With the combined application of B. japonicum РC07 and Phytocide-r, nitrogenase activity of symbiotic systems decreased by 7 % only in the stage of three true leaves compared to plants whose seeds were treated only with rhizobia. The nitrogenase activity of symbiotic systems formed with the participation of B. japonicum B78 and under the influence of Mycosan-N increased by 28 %, 15 %, and 12 % in the stages of three true leaves, budding, and full flowering, respectively. The action of Phytocide-r, with the inoculation by the nodule bacteria B78, resulted in an increase in nitrogenase activity by 14 % only in the budding stage. Under the comprehensive treatment of soybean seeds with involved biofungicides and B. japonicum B144, an increase in the intensity of N2 assimilation was noted by 29‒34 % in the stage of three true leaves and by 10‒16 % in the budding stage. Conclusions. The application of a scientifically justified selection of rhizobial strains and biological plant protection agents for pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds will enable a more complete realization of their nitrogen-fixing potential and phytoprotective effects.

Side effect of insecticides against some beneficial species

Beneficial species of predators and parasitoids play an important role in sustainable pest control. Toxicity evaluation of insecticides against the natural enemies of the pests is very important in the selection of a product intended for application within the Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The effectiveness of beneficial species as biological control agents may be compromised by side effects caused by insecticides. Tests were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the toxicity of 18 insecticides against the beneficial species Encarsia formosa Gahan, Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur and Amblyseius cucumeris Oudeman. Plant protection products Rapax (i.e. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348) 0.1%, Dipel 2X (i.e. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain ABTS) 0.1%, Naturalis (i.e. Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040) 0.1%–0.15%, Helicovex (i.e. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedro virus Hear NVP, DSMZ–BV0003) 0.02%, Neem Azal T/S (i.e. azadirachtin) 0.3% and Limocide (i.e. orange oil) 0.4% were slightly toxic (toxicity up to 37%) to the tested bioagents. They can be successfully applied in integrated plant protection systems. Toxic to highly toxic were the following insecticides: Koragen 20 SC 0.02%, Voliam Targo 063 SK 0.08%, Ampligo 150 ZK 0.04%, Closer 120 SC 0.04%, Confidor Energy OD 0.08%, Vaztak new 100 EC 0.03%. These insecticides should be avoided when introducing bioagents into greenhouses. Keywords: Encarsiaformosa, Macrolophuspygmaeus, Amblyseius cucumeris, toxicity, plant protection products

Weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crops in grain-grass-rowed crop rotation in the North-West of Russia

The results of the long term (2012–2018) study of weed infestation of green fallow fields with narrow-leaved lupin in the crop rotation including cereals, grasses and row crops in the North-West region of Russia (Leningrad region) are presented. The assessment of weediness in the narrow-leaved lupine variety Oligarch crops was carried out annually at 24 permanent survey sites (0.1 square meter). Based on the results of the surveys, the formation of a diverse and constant species composition of weeds (from 15 to 25 species), mainly of medium and severe degree of weediness (141–593 specimens per square meter), with the proportion of young plants ranging from 90.4 to 99.7 %. The mass species of weeds were lamb’s quarters, field pansy, corn spurry, hemp-nettles, fumitory, shepherd’s purse, prevalent perennial weeds were field sowthistle, coltsfoot, red sorrel, couch grass, marsh woundwort. The prevailing influence of weather conditions and individual characteristics on the weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crop has been determined. The combined effect of two factors was expressed by 47.7, 57.8 and 47.1 % in terms of species abundance, initial abundance and final phytomass of weeds, respectively. Long term application of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the number of annuals (by 1.5–1.6 times) and a decrease in the density of growth of perennial weed species (by 1.6–1.9 times). The influence of the integrated plant protection system used in the crop rotation was manifested in a significant decrease in the density of perennial weed species (by 4.6 times) in narrow-leaved lupine crop.

Intellectual property rights and limitations on farmers’ rights in Pakistan

Farmers are the life blood of agriculture. The role of farmers for the services done to agro diversity and their efforts to seed preservation, sufficiently justify their rights to seed. In the wake of World Trade Organization- Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (WTO-TRIPS) agreement on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection for all innovations including plants. Farmers’ traditional rights are compromised over breeders of new plant varieties. This paper aims to describe international plant protection systems under WTO-TRIPS and examines two international conventions on plant protection i.e., Seed treaty and Convention on Biological Diversity. This paper employs a doctrinal method to examine the rights of farmers in Pakistan by adoption of “Plant Breeders’ Rights Act”. It is revealed that the Act limits the traditional rights of farmers’ and have helped to gratify plant breeders; Pakistan despite signatory to seed treaty has ignored to protect rights of farming communities while, in compliance to WTO-TRIPS went on to a stricter model of IPR barring farmer’s right even to seed except saving and exchanging’. The study proposes some strategies to balance between the rights of farmers with that of breeders, thus, to achieve a better reform system for both growers’ and agro technologists.

Testing and Evaluation of Wind Power Plant Protection System

This paper discusses methodology and test set up which may be used for Wind Power Plant (WPP) planning and protection system evaluation. The test set up consists of a digital simulator, as well as a number of physical relays, recorders, software for system and relay modeling, signal editing, etc. Minimizing economic loss, in terms of using maximum output of wind generated power without interruption and causing minimum equipment damage due to faults, is the main benefit of having protection system that operates correctly. The correctness of operation is crucial during grid disturbances in preventing unwanted power plant disconnection and further system stability violation. Since there are no standardized requirements or methodology for WPP protection system testing, its evaluation is challenging and manly customized to fit a given solution. This paper discusses test requirements and test methodology to perform the evaluation in a comprehensive manner.

Study of pheromones of the main insect pests of the Lepidoptera order (Lepidoptera)

The intensive development of agricultural production currently requires the expansion of the use of chemical plant protection products from insect pests, which in turn leads to environmental pollution and irreparable losses in the biocenosis. Therefore, the development of fundamentally new plant protection products, characterized by safety in relation to the environment and high selectivity of action, is becoming more and more urgent. The use of sex pheromones in integrated plant protection systems leads to the need to develop convenient synthesis schemes that allow obtaining pheromones of various pest species with good yield and high isomeric purity from the same starting compounds-synthons.

The state of populations of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., with an increase in the pesticide load in agroce- noses

It is generally recognised that pesticides play a significant role in the decline in the number of insects observed worldwide. The analysis of the causes of unprecedented losses of Apis mellifera L. bee colonies has been carried out. When using plant protection products in agrocenoses. The current state of knowledge on assessing the impact of pesticides on non–target objects is summarised as honey bees and other types of bee pollinators of plants. The mechanisms and features of selective exposure of insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids, butenolides and based on fipronil are described. In addition to direct lethal effects, there is a decrease in the viability and subsequent death of bee colonies as a result of changes in the cognitive abilities of worker bees, the reproductive potential of queens and drones, changes in the immune status of bee colonies and the etiological characteristics of insects. Examples of the negative impact on honeybee populations of various regions of the Russian Federation when using pesticides in agrocenoses are given. The role of organic agriculture in the conservation of honey bees and other pollinators, providing a yield comparable to the integrated plant protection system of entomophilic crops, is noted. Measures to prevent the reduction of honey bee populations due to pesticide toxicosis are outlined: 1. Compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents; 2. Providing apiaries with an optimal feed base; 3. Exclusion of highly toxic insecticides from entomophilic crop protection programs; 4. Realisation of the adaptive potential of honey bees in changing environmental conditions; 5. Transition to organic farming in the cultivation of entomophilic crops.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ НА СТАДИИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМ ЗАЩИТЫ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ОТ НАСЕКОМЫХ-ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ

The food program provides for the intensification of all branches of agriculture. The task has been set to increase the yield of grain crops in an amount that fully meets the needs of the population and the processing industry. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of protecting plants from insect pests. The trends in the development of an integrated method of plant protection, contributing to the improvement of environmental safety, are considered. An algorithm for evaluating engineering solutions at the design stage of a system of protective measures using the finite ratio method is considered. The expediency of using an integrated approach to design to increase energy efficiency in agricultural enterprises is proved. Recommendations for the protection of crops from pests and diseases are combined under the general name of a system of measures that include various methods of control - biological, chemical, agrotechnical, mechanical and integrated. Pest and disease control occupies an important place among the measures ensuring the preservation and improvement of crop yields. The success of this work depends on the timely implementation of protective measures in combination with preventive and agrotechnical methods of plant care. There are several basic methods of carrying out protective measures in the plant protection system: biological method, chemical method, agrotechnical method, mechanical method, integrated method. Currently, prerequisites have been created for the creation of autonomous monitoring devices due to the appearance of new light sources on the domestic market – LEDs, the main advantages of which are: low power consumption, high luminous efficiency, long service life, high mechanical strength, reliability and safety.

The expediency of using an integrated plant protection system and organomineral fertilizers in the conditions of the Southern natural and economic zone

The authors of the article conducted research and comparative analysis of the impact of the branch's products FGBI "Rosselkhoznadzor" in the Rostov region fertilizers Vostok EM–1, containing live cultures of effective microorganisms (photosynthetic and lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, fermenting fungi); organo-mineral fertilizer based on humic acids Humate +7 grade C2 liquid concentrate, organo-mineral fertilizer based on humic acids Green-Organic Gum–1; o study the effect of the microbiological fungicide Metabacterin produced by Inagro LLC, a joint venture based on live cultures of bacteria Methylobacterium extorquens NVD BKM B-2879 D + Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2918 IPM-215 and validamycin Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. limoneus VKPM AC- 1966 to increase seed germination, enhance growth and shaping processes, reduce the development of septoria, increase immunity to diseases and adverse environmental factors, increase yields, improve grain quality. he research was conducted on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution "ANTS "Donskoy". The area of the control and experimental plots is 0.024 hectares each. The soil type is ordinary chernozems. The agricultural crop on which the studied preparations were used is winter wheat variety - Volnitsa. Pre-sowing seed treatment with a mixture of chemical pesticides was carried out at the control sites. Presowing seed treatment with a mixture of the studied preparations was carried out at the experimental sites.

КОНТРОЛЬ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕМ ПРИ ЗАЩИТЕ ОБЪЕКТОВ АПК ОТ ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ

The analysis of the modern safety of crop production and protection of crops from pests is carried out. The advantages of the electrophysical control method and the need to create an effective crop protection system from pests are substantiated. The use of an integrated plant protection system based on an information and software package for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of plant protection against pests is proposed. The method of control and management in energy technological processes is considered. An expression has been obtained that allows you to define a resource. The article presents a new method for analyzing energy processes in each technical element and in the entire consumer energy system, which allows you to take into account the spatial structure created by the elements, enter into analysis and calculations digital indicators separating useful energy and losses, and assess the impact of this separation on the profitability of the enterprise. The novelty of the problem solved in the article lies in the fact that there are no established methods for monitoring and managing the efficiency of energy use by the consumer. This methodological gap is not taken into account when designing an enterprise (when choosing equipment), since equipment is selected by capacity, and the energy consumed then determines efficiency in the form of energy intensity of products that do not emit used energy. The method presented in the article is based on the separation of consumed and used energy, on the allocation of technological energy processes that use energy with a given technological efficiency, and on the use of fundamental knowledge for process analysis. These methodological techniques made it possible to obtain the energy intensity of products in the form of the sum of two digital indicators — an effective indicator and an indicator of an increase due to losses. The decrease in the second indicator turns the problem of increasing energy efficiency into a complex task of energy services at the enterprise. The complexity for the agro-industrial complex is explained by the work with biological objects, the use of stationary and mobile technologies, the use of fundamentally different types of energy (anthropogenic, photonic and fuel), the creation and maintenance of fundamentally different production facilities (fields and farms), which the seasonality of work cannot calm.

The influence of the plant protection system on the productivity of corn hybrids when grown under irrigation conditions in the south of Ukraine

The influence of the plant protection system on the productivity of corn hybrids when grown under irrigation conditions in the south of Ukraine

Вплив війни на поширення тварин і рослин в Україні (погляд із 1924 року)

The article is based on the original publication of the author in the weekly Znattia in 1924 ‘How did the Civil War affect the distribution of plants and animals in Ukraine and Russia?’ The article is the first review in the history of Ukrainian biota research of the impact of war and hostilities on the distribution of species that are now classified as alien, and, in particular, polemochores. Examples are given of changes in the ranges and abundance of a number of plant and animal species, in particular due to the decline in agricultural activity and plant protection systems, reduced hunting pressure, transport dispersal and other factors associated with the ‘movement of large masses of people.’ Among the consequences are not only changes in geographic ranges and abundance of species, but also changes in behaviour, harmfulness, migration routes, and the occupation of untypical habitats.

Assessing Agricultural Practices and Plant Protection Methods in Rupnagar District, Punjab, India

Aims: The purpose of this research is to analyze plant protection systems and agricultural practices in Punjab, India's Rupnagar District, in order to provide insights into nutrient management, seed rates, crop diversity, mechanization, and their implications.
 Conclusion: The study emphasizes the significance of improved mechanization, crop diversity, and sustainable farming techniques in Rupnagar, Punjab, to promote future agricultural development.
 Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining field surveys and structured interviews with 120 farmers across six villages in Rupnagar District, Punjab, India. Data on crop types, seed rates, machinery usage, and nutrient management were collected. Random sampling ensured representativeness, providing comprehensive insights into agricultural practices and challenges in the region.
 Place and Duration of Study: Villages of Rupnagar district, Punjab (Primary place) and Department of Agriculture sciences, Chandigarh university, Gharuan (Secondary place), between August 2023 and September 2023
 Results: According to the data, the two main crops grown in the research areas were rice and wheat. Among the various degrees of mechanization observed, tractors were the most frequently visible piece of equipment. Seed rate management varied, and some farmers used more seed than was recommended. The data revealed a diversity of nutrient management approaches, as well as a proclivity for urea overuse. These findings offer insight on how complex the farming methods in the area are.
 Study Design: A mixed-methods methodology is used in the study design. It combines field surveys, interviews, and data analysis to extensively analyze agricultural practices in Rupnagar District, Punjab, India, including crop diversification, mechanization, and the use of plant protection strategies.

ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ПЛОДОЖОРКИ (GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA) С УЧЁТОМ ПОГОДНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ ДЛЯ РАЗРАБОТКИ СИСТЕМЫ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ

Modern agriculture is impossible without the use of plant protection products against pests and diseases, which, with their free development, significantly reduce the productivity of plantings and the marketability of the harvested crop. Research conducted in this direction abroad is aimed at using predictive mathematical models that link environmental factors that are significant for the pest and its development. At the same time, the system of intellectualization of such a forecast is increasingly being used with the use of artificial intelligence methods that independently form models based on constantly accumulating information databases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an automated program for forecasting the development of the oriental fruit moth, developed on the basis of the temperature factor of the environment for the subsequent selection of an optimal adaptive plant protection system for perennial crops. To compare the results of the automated calculation of the development of the eastern fruit moth with objective data in the field, we carried out observations of the calendar dates of the butterfly flights and overcoming the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH) on pheromone traps placed in peach plantations, on which chemical treatments with insecticides were not carried out in the period from 2019 to 2022. In the course of the research, a useful computer program was developed to determine the calendar dates of the development of the oriental fruit moth based on air temperature data using flexible logical algorithms. It is established that the variability of the terms of individual development of the pest provides an increase in the phase periods with each successive generation. The use of a computer program will allow us to develop a system for protecting trees from pests, as well as to adjust the timing of measures depending on objectively changing indicators of the conditions of the year.

The Development Process of Human Machine Interface of Plant Protection System of a Small Modular Reactor

The Plant Protection System (PPS), which consists of Reactor Protection Systems (RPS) and Engineered Safety Actuated Systems (ESFAS), is one of the most important safety systems in nuclear reactors, including Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). The RPS generates a signal to trip the reactor if the measured reactor parameters exceed the trip setpoint, and then the ESFAS is actuated to mitigate the consequences of the accident by minimizing fuel damage and radioactivity release into the environment. Therefore, a comprehensive Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is essential for monitoring and controlling the PPS to ensure its reliability and enhance the operators' situational awareness. This study discusses the development process of the HMI for the digital PPS of an SMR. In this study, various standards, guidance, and design criteria for PPS and HMI are incorporated and applied to ensure that the proposed design meets the required level of reliability. In the first stage, the proposed design is intended for assessing the functionality and reliability of the PPS. Moreover, in the future, it will play an essential role in the design phase of the HMI for the PPS of an SMR in Indonesia.

Hexyl Gallate Loaded Microgels Enable Efficient Protection Against Citrus Canker

AbstractThe development of efficient and environmentally friendly plant protection systems is one of the major challenges for a sustainable agriculture of the future. Citrus canker caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) affects all cultivated citrus species worldwide and is responsible for enormous economic losses and restrictions in international trade. Currently used commercial copper‐based formulations are the origin of contamination for soil and groundwater, affecting local ecosystems and human health. A copper‐free sustainable microgel‐based plant protection system able to efficiently combat X. citri is developed. Microgels decorated with anchor peptides exhibit strong non‐covalent attachment to the surface of orange leaves and have the ability to release hexyl gallate, which inhibits the growth and spreading of pathogens. The tailored design of the microgel network allows high loadings of hexyl gallate (up to 40 wt.%) and a controlled release of gallates from microgels that provide long‐term protection. The antibacterial activity of the hexyl gallate‐loaded microgels is demonstrated by various in vitro assays as well as on orange plants in greenhouse settings. The experimental results suggest that the developed sustainable microgel‐based plant protection system for citrus trees allows efficient abatement of X. citri and reduces environmental pollution caused by copper formulations.

The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Plant Protection from Oxidative Stress

The review considers the recent progress on the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs), as well as transcription factors of heat shock proteins (HSFs) in protecting plants from oxidative stress induced by various types of abiotic and biotic stresses. HSPs are pleiotropic proteins involved in various intracellular processes and performing many important functions. In particular, HSPs increase plant resistance to stress by protecting the structure and activity of proteins of the antioxidant system. Overexpression of Hsps genes under stressful conditions, leading to an increased content of HSP, can be used as a marker of oxidative stress. Plant HSFs are encoded by large gene families with variable sequences, expression and function. Plant HSFs regulate transcription of a wide range of stress-induced genes, including HSPs and other chaperones, reactive oxygen species scavengers, enzymes involved in protective metabolic reactions and osmolytic biosynthesis, or other transcriptional factors. Genome-wide analysis of Arabidodpsis, rice, poplar, lettuce and wheat revealed a complex network of interaction between Hsps and Hsfs gene families that form plant protection against oxidative stress. Plant protection systems are discussed, with special emphasis on the role of HSPs and HSFs in plant response to stress, which will be useful for the development of technologies to increase productivity and stress resistance of plant crops.

Replenishment of the species composition of the bioresource collection of Entomoacariphages

Aim. Formation of the species composition of the bioresource collection "State Collection of Entomoacariphages and Microorganisms" of the Lazarev Experimental Plant Protection Station – a branch of Federal Scientific Centre for Biological Plant Protection. The collection is based on species identified in local biocenoses as well as those introduced from regions with similar climatic conditions.Material and Methods. Collection and study of the effectiveness of native, invasive, introduced entomophages, the dynamics of their acclimatization and the possibility of their introduction into laboratory culture on the territory of the Black Sea coast of Sochi. Methods of their application in plant protection systems were tested.Results. The ability of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. to control the number of coccids, including Icerya purchase Maskell, has been experimentally established. Entomophages which are effective and adaptable to reproduction in laboratory conditions were selected: Dicyphus errans Wolff. and Macrolophus nubilis H.S., the aphidophage Harmonia axyridis Pall. and others.Conclusion. As a result of the study, wide polyphages of Dicyphus errans Wolff were found to be presented in the collection of the Lazarev Experimental Plant Protection Station, as well as and Macrolophus nubilis H.S., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls., Leis dimidiata Fabr., Harmonia axyridis Pall., Encarsia partenopea Masi and Lysiphlebus fabarum Marsh. Acariphages are represented by Phytoseiulus persimilis Ath.‐Henr. and Amblyseius cucumeris Ond. The biological efficacy of Encarsia partenopea Masi has been evaluated in relation to Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. in the conditions of the protected ground of Sochi at the parasite ratio:host of 1:30; 68.6%, the best result being obtained with releases of 1:10; 79.19%. Research has begun on the development of methods for the laboratory breeding of Chilocorus renipustulatus.

Колекції Миколи Дюкова та Віктора Дребенцова у Національному науково-природничому музеї (Київ)

The history of collections that became part of the academic zoological collection prior to the Second World War and which is now being housed in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), NAS of Ukraine was studied. The specimens in this collection had probably been kept in zoological centres of Kharkiv before. The collected specimens and their label data are considered as an important source for an entire series of reconstructions, such as the history of species, the history of research, the biographies of researchers, and the history of collections and museums. Along with bibliographic search and mentions of finds of species and their collectors, such data are promising for the reconstruction of important pages in the history of scientific research and scientific institutions. All such approaches were used to investigate the history of research related to the names of Mykola Diukov and Viktor Drebentsov (Drebentsiv) — two researchers who were not included in the list of the hundred most famous mammalogists of Ukraine (review of 2022), but turned out to be iconic persons. Their scientific careers turned out to be closely related to the Kharkiv plant protection centres, and both researchers carried out active research and collection work in the Kharkiv region and in a number of southern regions of Ukraine in the 1920s and early 1930s. The destinies of both of researchers took sharp turns during the period of Stalinist repressions in Ukraine (Union for the Freedom of Ukraine trial, Holodomor, political purges, etc.), and both left not only Kharkiv, but also Ukraine: Diukov ended up in Dagestan working in the plant protection system, whereas Drebentsov in Murmansk at the polar institute, and later in the regional museum of local history. In the new places, the researchers continued their zoological practices, collecting and organizing collections of vertebrate animals (mainly mammals and birds) and achieved a high level of recognition: Diukov became one of the key zoologists and nature popularisers in Dagestan, and so did Drebentsov in Murman. Their destinies turned out differently: M. Diukov was eventually repressed (spent five years in concentration camps) and went missing, whereas V. Drebentsov became a recipient of various state awards. The names of both researchers should be included in the registers of zoologists who formed the foundations of modern knowledge and collections. The authors associate the preservation and transfer of their collections with the activities of O. Myhulin, who in 1938 published the monograph “Mammals of the Ukrainian SSR”, which is largely based on the analysis of mammal collections.