Cooperative System Research Articles

Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho-Alkylation of Iodoarenes Enabled by a Cooperative Cycloolefin Ligand and a Bulky Trialkylphosphine

We recently achieved ortho-alkylation of iodoarenes utilizing a dual-ligand catalytic system that effectively combines palladium/olefin ligand cooperative catalysis with reversible C(sp²)−I reductive elimination enabled by a bulky trialkylphosphine ligand. Through careful mechanistic investigations, we confirmed the compatibility of the crucial steps involved in this process by isolating key organometallic intermediates and studying their stoichiometry transformations. Utilizing this protocol, we successfully achieved the ortho-alkylation of a variety of iodoarene substrates, thereby expanding the scope of applications for Catellani-type reactions. This study showcases the synthetic potential of the Pd/olefin ligand cooperative system as an innovative complement to established Pd/NBE catalysis. In this Synpacts article, we present the conceptual framework underpinning this reaction and detail the key aspects of its development. 1Introduction 2Research Background 2.1The Catellani Reaction: Pd/Norbornene Catalysis 2.2Cooperative Cycloolefin Ligands for the Catellani-Type Reactions 2.3C-X Reductive Elimination on Pd Center 3Development of the Reaction 3.1Proof-of-Concept by Stoichiometric Reactions 3.2Substrate Scope and Synthetic Applications 4Conclusion

Performance of the Trade Service Regarding Supervision of Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution in Balikpapan City

This study aims to evaluate the Performance of the Balikpapan City Trade Office in supervising the distribution of subsidized fertilizers, which is an important element in supporting the agricultural sector and food security. Subsidized fertilizers play a role in providing access to farmers to obtain fertilizers at affordable prices, but challenges such as uncertainty of supply and uneven distribution are still problems. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through documentation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the trade office has implemented integrated and comprehensive supervision standards, including planning, implementation, and monitoring of fertilizer distribution. Although there has been progress in the availability of fertilizers, the evaluation indicates the need for improvements in inter-agency cooperation and distribution systems to increase the effectiveness of supervision. With reports on the circulation of fake fertilizers, the Trade Office conducts direct supervision at kiosks and farmer groups and coordinates with related agencies to ensure effective distribution

Robotics at the University of Pennsylvania from Birth to Maturity: A Review of 30 Years of Research

This article is an attempt to reexamine the evolution of robotics research at the University of Pennsylvania and all that it entailed, covering the successes and struggles of PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, and a few dedicated faculty between 1972 and 2000. In 1945, Penn's Moore School of Electrical Engineering was famous for developing the first electronic digital computer, ENIAC, but after a few years, the research had diminished. In 1972, a new Department of Computer and Information Science was formed. I came to Penn from Stanford University's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory full of energy, enthusiasm, and the goal of establishing a similar lab at Penn. This article demonstrates the creativity and ingenuity of young professionals at the General Robotics, Automation, Sensing, and Perception (GRASP) Laboratory. We built hardware. We built software. We collaborated with psychologists and electrical and mechanical engineers and tried to build a community of roboticists. Our curiosity led us to build new vision and tactile systems and to investigate cooperative robotics systems on the ground and in the air. We used computational models supported and verified by experiments. Today, I am proud to say that almost all of the students who cycled through the GRASP Lab are successful in academia or industry.

Adaptive connectivity control in networked multi-agent systems: A distributed approach.

Effective communication is crucial for the performance and collaboration within cooperative networked multi-agent systems. However, existing literature lacks comprehensive solutions for dynamically monitoring and adjusting communication topologies to balance connectivity and energy efficiency. This study addresses this gap by proposing a distributed approach for estimating and controlling system connectivity over time. We introduce a modified consensus protocol where agents exchange local assessments of communication link quality, enabling the estimation of a global weighted adjacency matrix without requiring centralized information. The system's connectivity is measured using the second smallest eigenvalue of the communication graph Laplacian, commonly referred to as algebraic connectivity. Additionally, we enhance the consensus protocol with an adaptive mechanism to expedite convergence, irrespective of system size or structure. Furthermore, we present an analytical method for connectivity control based on the Fiedler vector approximation, facilitating the addition or removal of communication links. This method adjusts control parameters to accommodate minor variations in link quality while reconfiguring the network in response to significant changes. Notably, it identifies and eliminates energy-consuming yet non-contributory links, improving long-term connectivity efficiency. Simulation experiments across diverse scenarios and the number of agents validate the efficacy of our proposed algebraic connectivity estimation and tracking strategy. Results demonstrate robust connectivity maintenance against external disturbances and agent failures, underscoring the practical utility of our approach for real-world multi-agent systems.

Optimizing proactive content caching with mobility aware deep reinforcement & asynchronous federate learning in VEC

Edge caching in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can reduce backhaul strain and content access delay. However, due to the constant changes in vehicle requests, offloading applications to edge servers is crucial for efficiently anticipating and caching popular content. Additionally, conventional data-sharing techniques are inadequate for this task due to their inability to preserve the privacy of vehicular users (VU). To overcome these issues, we propose a cooperative proactive content caching system incorporating Asynchronous federated learning and Deep reinforcement learning named PCAD that leverages the strengths of Dueling Deep Q-Networks and Prioritized Experience Replay in vehicular edge computing. PCAD lowers the latency of content access by prefetching contents that are popular beforehand caching them on edge nodes and cutting the waiting time for every vehicle to complete training as well as uploading local models before updating the global model. Additionally, we investigate intelligent caching decisions based on content prediction. Comprehensive experimental evaluations indicate that our proposed approach significantly outperforms existing benchmark caching techniques. More specifically, our suggested approach works better than DDQN, c-ϵ-greedy, and PCAD without DRL methods and the cache hit rate improves by approximately 4.25%, 11.23%, and 25.82%, respectively, as the cache capacity hits 400 MB.

Activities of a Pharmacist in Community Medicine in Nagasaki, Japan

With the increasing separation of dispensing and prescribing, Japanese pharmacists have changed over the past 50 years. Changes affecting pharmacists include the bashing of the separation of dispensing and prescribing, the formulation of the "Vision for Patient-centered Pharmacies" and the implementation of the Action Plan to realize this vision, and the amendment of the "Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act." By 2025, when many baby boomers will be 75 years of age and older, the construction of the "Integrated Community Care System" is being promoted in various regions, and pharmacists are expected to be involved in community healthcare as members of community support networks based on multidisciplinary cooperation. In Nagasaki City, Japan, a regional medical cooperation system centered on the "Nagasaki Home Doctor Net" has been established, and a multidisciplinary network supports the region. In 2007, volunteers, mainly pharmacy managers, established the "Nagasaki Pharmaceutical Care Net (P-net)" to provide home medical care. To date, these volunteers have been involved in community healthcare while continuing their studies through the group. At the symposium, I introduced my active involvement in community healthcare as a pharmacist and as a member of P-net. I hope this symposium will help pharmacists' involvement and collaboration in community healthcare.

고등학교 진로전담교사가 지각한 학교 관리자의 진로교육에 대한 인식 및 지원과 진로전담교사의 직무 수행의 관계에서 담임교사와의 연계의 매개효과

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers on the relationship between school administrators' perception of the importance of career education, school administrators' support for career education perceived by the high school career teachers and the job performance of career teachers in high school. To this end, the relationship between each variable was analyzed using data from the Elementary and Secondary Career Education Status Survey(2023). The main findings were as follows. First, there was a significant positive correlation between all the variables, and the correlation between the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers and the job performance of the high school career teachers was higher than other variables. Second, the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers completely mediated in both the relationship between school administrators' perception of the importance of career education and the job performance of career teachers in high school, and the relationship between school administrators' support for career education and the job performance of career teachers in high school, and it was confirmed that the indirect effect through the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers on the job performance of the high school teachers was greater than the direct effect of the school administrator-related variables. Based on the findings of this study, implications for improving the job performance of career teachers and suggestions for follow-up research were presented by establishing a cooperative system among school members for the effective operation of High School Credit System.

Building a Mutually Cooperative Systems for Pregnant Women and Neonates: Evidence from an International Comparison

Building a Mutually Cooperative Systems for Pregnant Women and Neonates: Evidence from an International Comparison

Cultivation of Business Students Under the Background of Ideological and Political Education: Optimization Strategies for Project-based Learning

The paper explores the strategy of optimizing the cultivation of new business-applied talents through project-based teaching innovation under the background of curriculum ideological and political education. The paper emphasizes that the core socialist values should be integrated into business education. Improving students’ moral literacy and social responsibility is an important goal of cultivating new business talents. The study pointed out that in the process of project-based learning, innovative methods such as virtual reality technology, cross-cultural cooperation and diversified evaluation systems can effectively cultivate applied talents that meet the development needs of the new era. The paper also proposed specific strategies in the project implementation and reflection links to promote students’ self-reflection and internalization of values.

A new quantum solution to blind millionaires’ problem without an honest third party

The quantum blind millionaires’ (QBM) problem is an expanded version of the millionaires’ problem in a quantum environment. For any two sets with different members, the QBM problem represents the quantum solution of the private summation in each set and the private comparison of the results simultaneously. During it, the secrets of any participant should be protected. As a new topic in quantum secure multiparty computation (QSMC), current solutions to QBM problems usually require an honest third party to resist some potential attack strategies. However, the assumptions will affect their applicability in practical cooperative security systems. In this paper, we propose a new solution to the quantum blind millionaires’ (QBM) problem without the help of an honest third party for the first time. In our solution, the shift operations are applied to the d-dimensional 2-particle entangled states to encode the secrets of the participants. According to our analysis, the proposed solution can effectively resist typical internal and external attacks by applying the detection methods generated by the participants. We hope that the research will make positive developments for QSMC.

Being Together, Growing Affluence: Institutions of Integration and the Making of Technological Power in the Comecon

The article examines inter-state attempts to enhance industrial development in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon, or CMEA) between the 1950s and 1980s. It studies how state socialism aimed to build a network of economic and research institutions to transform the bloc into a technological leader during the Cold War. Building upon previously unpublished archival sources, this research focuses on cooperation in chemistry through the framework of scientific and technological cooperation of Comecon. This study argues that socialist countries built a complex institutional system for cooperation and integration, yet whose effects were limited by material shortages and inter-state contradictions.

Cooperative terahertz quantum key distribution: Secret key rate analysis and optimization

In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantum key distribution (QKD) as a promising alternative to conventional cryptographic methods. QKD offers potential for ensuring absolute security in communication networks, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. This study diverges from previous research by investigating a cooperative continuous variable QKD (CVQKD) system operating at terahertz (THz) frequencies with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology, wherein the source and destination are assisted by a trusted decode-and-forward (DF) relay. Our focus lies on evaluating the secret key rate (SKR) of this system under direct reconciliation conditions and subsequently optimizing power and relay location to maximize the SKR. We address the practical concern of potential eavesdropping between the relay and the destination. Specifically, our analysis centers on the SKR performance of the coherent state-based CVQKD protocol under direct reconciliation conditions. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the significant enhancement in SKR achievable through optimization in the cooperative QKD system, yielding several noteworthy insights.

Risk‐based maximum speed advisory system for driving safety of connected and automated bus

AbstractBus rapid transit (BRT) system is a cost‐effective way to provide public transportation service. However, it faces some challenges such as reduced labour productivity and increasing fuel costs. One solution is introducing automated vehicles (AV) to reduce operational expenses. However, there are still limitations on completely replacing human drivers even in limited operational design domains (ODD). Furthermore, AVs often suffer from poor driving stability in some roadways, such as abrupt changes in road geometry. To enhance the driving safety of AV‐based BRT services, this study develops a new connected and automated bus (CAB) system using a cloud‐based traffic management centre with cooperative intelligent transportation systems. The proposed system introduces risk‐based maximum speed advisory system (RMSAS), which controls the maximum advisory speed of CAB to reduce its driving risk. This research evaluates the performance of RMSAS by comparing it to other driving modes, such as human‐driven vehicles and conventional AVs, based on real‐world field operational tests. The result shows that the proposed system outperforms other driving modes in terms of driving risks, particularly in some road geometry‐related ODDs. Hence, this research concludes that the proposed system can be applied to the AV‐based BRT service for uprating its safety performance.

Switched prescribed-time sliding mode control for cooperative teleoperation systems with perturbations

Switched prescribed-time sliding mode control for cooperative teleoperation systems with perturbations

On the issue of the influence of cooperative relations on the efficiency of the implementation of state defense orders

The subject of this study is the cooperation of participants in the implementation of the state defense order of the Russian Federation, which plays a key role in ensuring national security and technological development of the country. The study examined the theoretical foundations of cooperation in the implementation of the state defense order, analyzed the existing models of cooperation between participants in the state defense order. Using the mathematical apparatus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the management of the cooperation system was carried out using one of the cooperation models as an example. Conclusions were made regarding the conditions for the formation of stable and sustainablecooperation.

Research progress of curcumin and its nanodelivery system in anti-tumor field

Abstract. The focus of attention these days is on cancer prevention and treatment, as it is the second leading cause of death worldwide and its incidence continues to rise year. Due to its interactions with different cells and molecules, curcumin, a polyphenol natural substance derived from the turmeric plant, has numerous important applications in malignant disorders. Curcumin has demonstrated a high usage value and important benefits in the treatment of tumors; however, it has certain drawbacks, including low solubility, poor targeting, fast metabolism, and poor stability. The goal of this article is to enhance curcumins bioavailability and enhance the therapeutic impact of various tumor illnesses by means of a cooperative nano-drug delivery system involving chemotherapeutic medicines and curcumin.

Sovjetsko-Češkolovačka naučno-tehnička saradnja u Hruščovom i ranom Brežnjevom periodu

Economic and scientific-technical cooperation was a popular topic of research for socialist economists and political scientists during the Cold War. Already in the 1950s, a series of studies on the merits of this form of international rapprochement were written up. The outputs of these papers, however, are largely imbued with ideologized reasoning and conclusions. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, historians turned mainly to the study of the negative aspects of intra-bloc cooperation, such as show trials or environmental degradation, and the topic of scientific- technical cooperation became marginalized for decades. The aim of this article is to illustrate the impact, constraints, and evolution of the main currents of scientific-technical cooperation in the Khrushchev and early Brezhnev eras through the case of Czechoslovak-Soviet interaction. Archival sources suggest that it was the period of the 1950s and 1960s that was characterized by a fundamental transformation of the system of cooperation within the Eastern Bloc. The choice of the cooperation partners to be subjected to research is also not random. The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia were among the countries with the strongest scientific- technical base within the Eastern Bloc, and their R&D activities were to a large extent complementary. The article seeks to propose a new periodization of the development of intra-bloc cooperation, map the main forms and fields of cooperation, and explore its impact on the economy and scientific-technical progress of both cooperation partners. The emphasis is placed on the sectors of heavy industry, nuclear physics, infrastructure, education, chemistry and other areas of science and technology that were of particular importance during the Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras. An additional research task is to determine the extent to which cooperation was implemented because of political and ideological pressures and goals, and to what extent it was a „bottom-up“ activity initiated according to the genuine needs of research and manufacturing. Both micro and macro echelons of cooperation are analyzed to ensure the comprehensiveness of the present study. The first category is represented by individual scientists, technical staff, manufacturing companies and research institutes. At the macro level, the objectives and roles of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, and the industrial ministries of both countries are examined. To achieve a depth of research, it was necessary to analyze a wide range of primary and secondary sources. In this respect, the fonds of the industrial ministries at the Czech National Archives were studied, supplemented by other primary sources from the Security Services Archive, the United Nations Library & Archives Geneva, and the Škoda Auto Archive. These primary sources were then complemented by the findings of both the communist-era literature, and the post-Velvet Revolution studies which offered a depoliticized critique of selected aspects of intra-bloc cooperation.

An Automated Threat Intelligence Framework for Vehicle–Road Cooperation Systems

An Automated Threat Intelligence Framework for Vehicle–Road Cooperation Systems

AEFL: Anonymous and Efficient Federated Learning in Vehicle–Road Cooperation Systems With Augmented Intelligence of Things

AEFL: Anonymous and Efficient Federated Learning in Vehicle–Road Cooperation Systems With Augmented Intelligence of Things

Subak Lungatad in Preventing Land Conversion through the Revision of Awig – Awig

Subak is a community organization that specializes in regulating the rice field irrigation system used in rice cultivation in Bali, one of which is Subak Lungatad Yang in Peguyangan Kangin Village, North Denpaar. Subak Lungatad has a customary law norm called Awig-Awig. Awig-Awig is a customary law norm that is formulated and regulates the behavior pattern of community members in interacting in order to create order and peace, meaning that Awig-Awig grows and is formulated so that the life of the community in the customary village is not damaged. However, in the application of awig – awig Subak is also lived by the Balinese people as a concept of life, because it is a direct manifestation of the philosophy called Tri Hita Karana. There is a problem that arises in the awigs in Subak Lungatad is that they have not regulated and can anticipate changes in land use change in the subak Lungatad district Land use change in the last 1 year covering an area of 0.8 hectares, which is in Subak Lungatad, from the area of Subak 114 hectares. From this data, it can be described that land use change is still occurring. Pekaseh Subak Lungatad, I Made Maja, revealed that Subak Lungatad is part of the irrigation area of Kedewatan Pasedahan Yeh Lauh, Peguyangan Kangin Village, North Denpasar District. With a raw land area of 120 hectares, all of them are semi-irrigated. The subak land continues to experience pressure due to land conversion, there tends to be housing development. This condition is certainly really concerning for the future of rice fields and agriculture of the people of Denpasar. The participation of Krama Subak in preventing the conversion of agricultural land into housing can be done by including the rules in the awig-awig subak. Although the existing awig subak has not yet regulated it, it can be made in the form of a perarem or implementing rule of the awig- awig. The role of subak as a traditional organization in the field of water use at the farming level in indigenous peoples. The important role of the subak system is closely related to the strength of the subak itself, including the simplicity of the organizational structure, a cooperative work system and the implementation of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy. One of them is related to weakness which is also related to the lands in the subak lungakad area. The Awig Subak Lungatad that was made has not been regulated for a long time in anticipating changes in land use.