Systems In High-rise Buildings Research Articles

Developing preliminary cost estimates for foundation systems of high-rise buildings

This study provided a unique Artificial intelligence (AI) model for the cost estimation of the foundation system for high-rise buildings. First, parametric data research was conducted, including 180 examples of foundation systems for high-rise building models related to criteria such as average column spacing, floor height, slap load, overall weight, base shear, and over. In addition, moment, gravity load, seismic load, design load, various columns (mid-edge-corner), soil profile, bearing capacity, GWT, excavation depth, and foundation systems are all factors to consider (shallow and deep footing). The research encompassed column spacing (5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 m) and the number of stories from 15 to 35, with an average cost decrease of 15%. The AI model utilizes extensive machine learning algorithms to analyze structural and geotechnical parameters. It provides a predictive tool that improves decision-making in the preliminary design. The methodology includes collecting data, training models utilizing innovative neural network techniques and validating them against current cost estimation models. The findings indicate that the AI model significantly improves the accuracy of cost estimations, with a precision rate of 95%, compared to traditional methods. Moreover, the model presents a potential cost savings of up to 15%. Construction designers and decision-makers may utilize the study’s findings to increase the accuracy of foundation system selection, lower costs and construction length, and improve overall project performance. Future work may involve applying this concept to infrastructure and substructure projects and collecting more data for benchmarking and empirical study.

Performance Evaluation of Cable Shaft Fireproof Sealing System in High-Rise Buildings: A Comparative Test Method

The effectiveness of fireproof sealing systems in preventing the spread of fire in high-rise building cable shafts relies on the properties of various sealing materials and the construction process. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary. The authors of this paper propose a comparative test method based on an entity test platform for a performance evaluation of cable shaft fireproof sealing systems in high-rise buildings. The test platform measures changes in temperature, humidity, and smoke mass during fire tests to compare the performance of four sets of fireproof sealing systems in terms of thermal insulation, smoke sealing capacity, and overall integrity. In addition, a fire dynamics simulation (FDS) of fireproof sealing systems was carried out on the entity test platform, and the sealing failure process in the case of cracking in the fireproof sealing system was revealed. The simulation results for the temperature trends in the lower space align with the fire test results. Furthermore, as the gap size increases, the diffusion of smoke and flame accelerates. Consequently, the performance of cable shaft fireproof sealing systems depends not only on the sealing material but also on the construction process.

Increasing performance of chiller systems in high-rise buildings by load optimization

Recently, the construction of high-rise buildings has been increasing significantly along with economic growth. Therefore, electricity is also going up due to the energy demand of the building. The air conditioning system is the enormous energy consumption in high buildings. The green building concept has been introduced regarding the energy efficiency of a high-rise building. This study investigated the energy consumption in a high building (47 floors) using the load optimization method for the chiller system. The load optimization was conducted by configuring five chillers systems consisting of integral compressors, cooling towers, and pumps. This study obtained the decreasing energy consumption by the chiller's operation load sequencing based on 24-hour data optimization. Optimized chiller performance satisfied the green building standards. However, load optimization on high buildings is highly recommended as an effective way to achieve green building status. Further research is recommended for implementing such optimization at other facilities, such as industrial plants, hospitals, airports, and manufacturing plants.

Studija o projektovanju sistema dizel pumpi za gašenje požara za stambenu zgradu

Currently, on-site diesel firefighting pump systems are significantly necessary for high-rise buildings. This study presents a process for designing diesel fire pump systems for high-rise buildings using AVL BOOST software associated with mechanical calculations. The Kirloskar CPHM 80/32 pump and DESSUN 4DSP-75 diesel engine were selected based on preliminary calculations to match the requirements of Vietnamese standards for a 79-meter building. AVL BOOST software has been used to simulate the full load performance characteristic of the engine; then, a partial load characteristic is determined for the adequate pump that requires input power at a rated speed of about 2975 rpm. The transmission consists of the propeller drive, and flanges were designed to connect the engine and pump. The findings show that utilizing AVL BOOST software is considerably helpful in determining the engine's partial load characteristics, saving time and costs. This study contributes a foundation for practical research to calculate and design the firefighting pump mechanical systems in high-rise buildings.

JARER Editorial Volume 8 (1) of 2023

Editorial for JARER Vol. 8 Issue 1, 2023 Editorial Welcome to the Volume 8 (2023) Issue 1 edition of the Journal of African Real Estate Research (JARER). The journal remains an exciting platform for the dissemination of scholarships and the different types of applied research engaged within the real estate sector in Africa, and it has continued to grow in leaps and bounds. As reported in the last issue, JARER has been listed in the Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) since January 2023 and has been recognised as meeting acceptable quality in the three categories (real estate finance, real estate & urban economics and built environment) of the 2021 American Real Estate Society's (ARES) Real Estate Journal List. The list can be found at https://www.aresnet.org/page/journal-list. We want to appreciate the efforts and support of the journal editorial board members, our anonymous reviewers, and other stakeholders, without which these achievements would not be possible. Also, the support we continue to receive from the African Real Estate Society board members, the Library services at the University of Cape Town and the Urban Real Estate Research Unit at the university is appreciated. Our gratitude also goes to the Journal Manager, Ms. Lesedi Kgaka, for her diligent efforts in moving the journal forward. As usual, the current issue contains thought-provoking and informative topics and is a must-read by everyone who cares to have an understanding of African real estate research and related cities. The first paper, focusing on Lagos, Nigeria, examined the benefits and challenges in the adoption of modern technologies for real estate marketing. The work found that real estate practitioners in Nigeria were yet to fully tap into the unfolding benefits of modern technologies due to a low level of enlightenment and a lack of property data. The paper concluded with the need for practitioners to be enlightened, educated, and trained on the use of various modern technologies for real estate marketing. The second paper, which is an examination of the factors influencing the adoption of automating systems in high-rise buildings in Lagos, Nigeria, found the need to protect buildings against failure as the most significant factor influencing the adoption of automation in the management of facilities in high-rise buildings. The paper concluded that the use of automation in facilities management of high-rise buildings presents facility managers with innovative ways of ensuring the functionality of the built environment. The roles played by various actors in household mobility and the eventual reoccurrence of slums in the city of Kampala, Uganda, amidst the slum upgrading initiatives formed the focus of the third paper. The paper, which adopted a case study approach, found that the influence of slum upgrading actors in the low-income household mobility and reoccurrence of the Namuwongo slum was exhibited through three thematic areas. These are the tracking of the residential mobility tendencies, fit-for-purposes of the upgrading programs and actors' collaboration in the process. The paper's conclusion emphasised the need for actors' collaboration and participation of low-income slum-dwelling households to enable adequate fit-for-purposes of the in-situ upgrading initiatives. Given that access to housing is one of the challenges international students face in universities worldwide, the fourth paper examined housing satisfaction among international students studying at Hong Kong's universities. Using the snowball sampling technique, data was collected from seventy-four international students of six nationalities studying at four universities in Hong Kong. This study highlighted some far-reaching implications for Hong Kong universities, including the need to revisit the issue of accommodation and support provided to international students and an increase in the student housing stock to assist international students. The fifth paper examines Blockchain technology's (BCTech) potential in the real estate sector. To achieve this objective, the paper used a systematic review of the literature found in Researchgate, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and Google Search. Examining a total of 99 publications from 2016 to 2022, the paper found that BCTech could provide platforms for tokenised ownership, smart contracts, quick transactions and cost reduction and offers secure and transparent platforms for real estate stakeholders. The study concluded that though BCTech is not yet widely used, it has a lot of potential to offer in terms of the sustainability of the real estate industry. I am sure that the JARER will continue to grow from strength to strength in the years to come and contribute to the development of African researchers' activities and endeavours. I look forward to receiving your feedback on this and previous issues of the journal. Professor Abel Olaleye Editor-in-Chief

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Automating Systems in the Facilities Management of High-Rise Buildings in Lagos, Nigeria

Purpose: The paper examined factors influencing the choice of automating systems in high-rise buildings in Lagos, Nigeria with a view to providing information that could enhance facility management practice. Design/Method/Approach: The study is a quantitative research, administering 53 copies of questionnaire on resident facility managers of selected high-rise buildings in Lagos with a response rate of 77.4%. Simple frequency distribution, percentage (%) weighted mean score on 5 point-Likert scale measurement and factor analysis were used to analyze responses. Findings: The study revealed that the choice of automating systems used by facility managers was significantly influenced by the cost of acquisition of the automating system, while the need to protect buildings against failure was considered as the most significant factor influencing the adoption of automation in the management of facilities in high-rise buildings. Practical Implication: The use of automating systems presents facility managers innovative ways of ensuring functionality of the built environment through the integration of people, place, process and technology. Originality: The study contributes to the frontier of knowledge on the adoption of automation in the facility management of high-rise buildings.

A novel fabrication method of the three-dimensional forced vibration system for high-rise buildings

The forced vibration wind tunnel test is widely used to estimate the aeroelastic effect of high-rise buildings due to its ease of fabrication and reliable identification of the aeroelastic parameters. However, most traditional forced vibration systems (FVSs) can only realize one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) vibrations at most, and the structural model can only simulate linear or constant mode shapes. The present study proposes a novel three-dimensional (3D i.e., two translational and one torsional vibrations) FVS that can drive the model to vibrate in 3D while maintaining more realistic mode shapes. Employing the proposed 3D FVS, the amplitude, frequency, and phase angle of the model's 3D vibrations can be adjusted independently. Then, the resultant motions of the model are measured by three laser sensors to examine the performance of the system. Results show that the proposed system performs well, providing stable vibration amplitude, frequency, and phase angle in all the three directions. Finally, making use of the 3D FVS, the significant differences between the results of 3D forced vibration and 1D forced vibration are uncovered, in terms of power spectrum density (PSD) of wind forces on the model and the associated aerodynamic stiffness and damping ratios. The proposed system, therefore, provides an alternative of wind tunnel test methods for determining the aeroelastic properties of high-rise buildings.

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ACTIVE ASPIRATION ALARM SYSTEMS IN FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS OF MANY-STOREYED HIGH BUILDINGS

At present, multi-story high-rise buildings are becoming one of the most widely used buildings in cities. Now it is very difficult to imagine urban architecture without them. The increase in the urban population in cities is the result of an increase in the level of urbanization. As a result, the price of land increases due to the lack of free land in cities. Thus, the construction of multi-story buildings has become an inevitable solution to this issue, but this, in turn, has led to new problems. Depending on the purpose, composition, and number of technical systems, multi-story buildings are complex engineering and technical objects. On the one hand, the use of engineering and technical systems leads to an increase in the standard of living of people living standards, but they are also the main causes of new problems. For example, high-rise buildings are quite large consumers of electrical energy, both as objects and as subjects of these buildings, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the likelihood of a fire in them. To prevent such undesirable cases, one has to use fire safety systems, one of the components of building automation. One of the main responsibilities of fire safety systems is to determine the initial stage of ignition and quickly detect its source, only, in this case, it can be eliminated or at least localized. The life and property of people can be protected. The main purpose of this article is to consider the currently unused active aspiration system in multi-story high-rise buildings as an alternative to currently used systems to improve efficiency in terms of fire safety. The article includes the appointment of an active aspiration system, the principle of operation, and the main characteristics, and functions of those designed for early fire detection. In addition, several options and a comparative analysis of an active aspiration system are considered to create a highly efficient fire safety system for high-rise buildings. Keywords: fire protection systems, smoke exhaust systems, fire protection sensors, aspirator alarm systems, automatic building systems.

Topology optimization of thermally activated building system in high-rise building

The building sector accounts for nearly 1/3 of global energy end-use and associated carbon emissions. Fulfilling buildings' thermal demand in an efficient way is critical for decarbonizing the building sector. Therefore, this paper introduces the thermally activated building system (TABS) as an energy retrofit solution. A TABS floor-by-floor return water temperature control approach is proposed to reduce buildings' energy use and carbon emissions. The approach includes the topology optimization of TABS and flow control. The bypass pipe connections of the TABS to each floor, namely, the floor-by-floor pipe network topology, have been optimized by using genetic algorithms to achieve the lowest total cost. A case study of a high-rise building located in Beijing demonstrates that the proposed approach can improve the system's energy efficiency compared to the conventional TABS without optimization. The reduction of energy cost can be up to 11.21% with a 13.53% annual emission reduction. In general, the proposed TABS floor-by-floor return water temperature control approach can significantly improve the building efficiency comprehensively, therefore can be considered as a promising energy retrofit solution for the decarbonization of high-rise buildings.

Investigation on hysteretic performance of assembled H-shaped steel frame-corrugated steel plate shear wall with different corrugated orientation and wavelength

The hysteretic performance of assembled H-shaped steel frame-corrugated steel plate shear wall (HCSW) was investigated with low cycle reciprocating loading test. The assembled HCSW structure was used as lateral load-resisting system for high-rise building, and its stiffness was excellent. Compared with the traditional steel shear wall, the HCSW had better seismic performance. Moreover, when the frame was not damaged, the embedded corrugated steel plate could be easily disassembled and replaced. Three HCSW specimens with different steel plate corrugation orientation and the corrugation wavelength were fabricated. The hysteretic performance of three HCSW specimens was fully compared. The key issues, failure process, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, carrying capacity and energy consumption were discussed in depth. The corrugated steel plate was yielded prior to the frame column, indicating that the HCSW specimens behaved as a desirable sequence of material yielding. The energy consumption performance of HCSW specimen was well. The ductility and carrying capacity of HCSW specimen with small wavelength were greater than that of other two specimens. In addition, the hysteretic performance of HCSW specimen was simulated based on the established finite element model analysis. The simulated results of finite element model were in good agreement with the test results. The effects of corrugated steel plate width-to-thickness ratio, width-to-height ratio and axial compression ratio on the performance of assembled HCSW were analyzed and discussed based on the finite element model. And according to the results, the design suggestions of assembled HCSW were given. This research aimed to provide a reference for the design and evaluate the application of current design of provision for assembled HCSW. The application of the HCSW could avoid economic losses and reduce construction time.

A Real-Time Pre-Response Experiment System for High-Rise Building Fires Based on the Internet of Things

The primary objective of the current fire protection system in high-rise buildings is to extinguish fires in close proximity to the detectors. However, in the event of rapidly spreading fires, it is more effective to limit the transmission of fire and smoke. This study aims to develop an IoT-based real-time pre-response system for high-rise building fires that is capable of limiting the spread of fire and smoke. The proposed system collects fire data from sensors and transmits them to a cloud computer for real-time analysis. Based on the analysis results, the cloud computer controls the actions of alarm devices, ventilation equipment, and fine water mist nozzles. The system can dynamically adjust the entire system’s behavior in real time by adopting pre-response measures to extinguish fires and limit the spread of fires and smoke. The system was tested on a simulation platform similar to actual high-rise buildings to evaluate its impact on fires and smoke. The results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in extinguishing fires and suppressing the spread of fires and smoke.

Quality Management System in High Rise Buildings

Abstract: The growing demand for more living space and scarcity of land availability is leading to vertical development of building projects in Indian cities. India is the second-most populated country in the world and so its cities. Growing urban population and shrinking availability of land is pushing for a vertical development of realty projects. While skyscrapers have become a necessity in metros and Tier 1 cities in India, Tier 2 cities are now gradually following the trend with growing population and changing lifestyles. Property and land are becoming costly and scarce where tall buildings pose the best option. Developing vertically through constructed structures can accommodate more people, than developing horizontally, which saves availability of land also. And Quality management in high-rise building construction projects is an essential factor to avoid defects in the end product, which could lead to the need for replacements, faults, accidents or any kind of anomalies that will end up having a negative impact on the final result and the customer's experience

Thermal and Pyrolysis Kinetics Analysis of Glass Wool and XPS Insulation Materials Used in High-Rise Buildings

This study investigates the kinetics data of glass wool (GW) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation materials used in cladding systems using a systematic framework. The determination of appropriate kinetic properties, such as pre-exponential factors, activation energy and reaction orders, is crucial for accurately modelling the full-scale fire performance of insulation materials. The primary objective of this research is to extract thermal and kinetics data of XPS and GW insulation materials employed in high-rise buildings. To obtain these properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is conducted at four different heating rates: 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min. The TGA results serve as the basis for determining the kinetic properties using a combination of model-free and model-based methods. The outcomes of this study are expected to be highly beneficial in defining the pyrolysis reaction steps and extracting kinetics data for fire modelling of such insulation materials. This information will enhance the understanding of the fire behaviour and performance of these materials during fire incidents, aiding in developing more accurate fire models and improving fire safety strategies for cladding systems in high-rise buildings.

Effect of Different Types of Bracing Systems on Seismic Performances of High Rise Buildings: A Review

This work discusses the incorporation of bracing systems in RCC structures in India to mitigate earthquake impact. It explores how bracing techniques can create open spaces by eliminating interior columns. RCC bracing offers advantages in stiffness and stability compared to conventional methods. The study evaluates different RCC bracing systems in high-rise buildings using STAAD. ProV8i software and compares their seismic performance. X- Braced frames are found to be more efficient and secure during earthquakes than moment-resistant and V-braced frames.

A Review of Diagrid and Belt Truss Designs Structural Systems for High-Rise Buildings

A Review of Diagrid and Belt Truss Designs Structural Systems for High-Rise Buildings

The prevention strategies for strengthening the resilience of urban high-rise and high-density built environment based on multi-objective optimization: An empirical study in Guangzhou, China

The effective resistance and rapid recovery from external environmental risks has risen to be a social challenge in the accelerated urbanization process of China. However, the current measures for urban high-rise and high-density core area with high-volume pedestrians and high pollution are often focused on one-dimensional means, which cannot meet the multi-objective demands simultaneously. Therefore, this paper is aimed to explore a prevention-oriented route - a vertical pedestrian system for high-rise buildings based on scheme phase, with multiple objectives optimization of strengthening the ability of ecological order restoration and assisting occupants in recovering psychological and physiological injury from high-density environment in a relative fast speed. The feasibility and effectiveness have been verified by a complete technology route of scheme selection, numerical simulation and field measurements. The results show that, first, after the integration of secondary ground pedestrian system (SGPS) basic unit, the average predicted mean vote (PMV) improves 75.45%, the average air temperature declines 2.75 °C, and the average spatial integration increases 35.35%. Second, the optimal range of unit height difference in SGPS under hot-humid climate condition is suggested to be 6–9 storeys. Third, compared with single-sided “E-type” connection, the thermal comfort improves 70.49% and the indoor average PMV is optimized by 2.56%, with a more stable wind speed by using bilateral alternating “S-type” connection. Finally, compared with connections among low-integrated secondary ground units, the average integration is up to 6.98% with visual and path links of high-integrated-orientation. This paper objectively answers the question of whether and to what extent the combination of vertical greening and walking system contributes to ecological order restoration, which provides a new orientation for exploring the routes of maintaining urban ecological stability and optimizing environmental structure.

Comparative analysis of building with shear wall & diagrid structure

The rapid growth of urban population, the lack of spaces in the cities and the high cost of land have already forced the developers to focus on the high-rise buildings. As the height of the building increases, the lateral load resistant system become more important than gravity load resistant system. That’s why it is important to define lateral load resistant system in high rise buildings. So the lateral load resistant systems such as shear wall and diagrid are introduced since they are better in terms of cost, aesthetic and performance. However, the diagrid structural system has become more popular these days due to its efficiency and aesthetic look provided by the unique geometric configurations of the system.In this study, a comparative analysis has been done on the buildings with different lateral load resisting systems. Five different building model of G+9 story building has been modeled with shear wall and diagrid structure to compare their performance. The design is analysed for seismic zone V and medium soil condition as per IS 1893:2016 using ETABS software. The building is kept the same except for the lateral load resisting system. From the patterns of the results, it was concluded that building models with the combination of shear wall and diagrid module has better performance in term of the maximum story displacement, story stiffness, story drift, base shear, and time period.

Sustainable Foundation System for Alluvial Region

A structure resting on soil having low bearing capacity and where differential settlement due to erratic nature of soil is expected, raft foundation is recommended to cope-up with mixed or poor ground condition and simultaneously to transfer heavy loads to ground while controlling the differential settlement. The essential task in the analysis of a raft foundation is the determination of the distribution of contact pressure underneath the raft which is a complex function of the rigidity of the superstructure, raft itself and supporting soil. The IS: 2950 (Part I)-1981 recommends the analysis based on the assumption of linear distribution of contact pressure. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a raft foundation based on its geotechnical analysis. An extensive survey of research works devoted to study the geotechnical parameters affecting the behavior of raft foundation is carried out with detailed experiments raft foundations are increasingly being recognized as an economical and effective foundation system for high rise build-ings. This paper sets out some principles of design for such foundations, including design for the geotechnical ultimate limit state, the structural ultimate limit state, and the serviceability limit state. Attention will be focused on the improvement in the foundation performance due to the raft being in contact with, and embedded within, the soil.

Effect of outrigger system in high-rise buildings on structural behavior and cost

Due to the advantages it provides, the outrigger system is widely used as a load-bearing system element in high-rise buildings around the world. In this study, the design parameters and structure morphology of high-rise buildings were examined, and it was aimed to investigate the performance and cost effects of load-bearing system preferences by designing two types of high-rise buildings in line with the obtained data. The Sta4Cad program, in which the finite element model is applied, was used to perform integrated static, earthquake, and wind analyses of multi-storey reinforced concrete structures. Because of the finite element analysis of the models, when the construction costs were examined, it was found that the outrigger system has a cost rate of 7.2% lower than the frame system. Considering the design trends, the study will create a focal point for researchers and designers and contribute to significant resource savings.

Information model of power distribution IoT terminal for high-rise building electrical fire monitoring

Fires caused by electrical reasons such as short circuits and leakage in low-voltage distribution network lines account for a relatively large proportion of the high-rise building fires. Building an electrical fire monitoring system for high-rise buildings based on the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology can monitor electrical circuits in real-time and reduce electrical fires. Aiming at the interconnection and intercommunication of the information exchange of the IoT terminals in the electrical fire monitoring system of high-rise buildings, this paper firstly analyzes the functional communication requirements of the electrical fire monitoring system of high-rise buildings, and combined with the requirements of functional communication, the information model required for electrical quantity collection and non-electricity collection functions is studied based on IEC 61850, which is conducive to the fusion and application of low-voltage distribution network monitoring data and existing distribution automation system data. At the same time, the location information logical node is established by supplementing, which realizes the determination of the spatial position of the terminal and the sensor, the location of the fire source can be determined by analyzing and calculating according to the spatial location information and the spatiotemporal sequence of the detection information. Finally, the information modeling of different types of monitoring terminal equipment is carried out and the configuration suggestion based on SCL language is proposed. By realizing the integration of low-voltage terminal unit (LTU) into the system and the configuration of LTU, the standard system of IEC 61850 can be actually operated. A monitoring terminal based on the proposed information model has been developed and applied to a building in Wuhan.