System-forming Factor Research Articles

The category of Nothingness as a factor in the aesthetics and poetics of modernist literature

The article defines the specifics of the influence of ideas about Nothingness on the artistic philosophy and aesthetics of modernism. It is stated that the feeling of the "liminal" time created an ambiguous perception of the world: the mystical fear of "sinking into Nothingness" together with the "dying" world, the bitterness of the loss of the "former" world were combined with the expectation of an inevitable revival. Nothingness becomes a system-forming factor in the artistic philosophy and aesthetics of modernism. Modernism objects both to Nietzschean concept of the "death of God" and to the rational-pragmatic understanding of being. Modernist reflection on Nothingness means striving for a classical value attitude to the world, manifests the salvation of culture, the human and the divine in man, asserts the idea of the highest (in the ontological and value sense) being. Therefore, the defining position of modernist aesthetics is the assertion of the presence of the Supreme and the Sacred, one of the representatives of which in the text is Nothingness. Theoristsof modernism show interest in various traditions of understanding Nothingness in culture and master them in aesthetics and poetics. The heterogeneity of inherited traditions gives rise to a variety of poetic and philosophical concepts: the focus on cognition of the Unknowable through symbolic imagery, mytho-theurgic constructions as the basis of the “negative aesthetics” of the 20th century were combined with the ontologization of Nothingness in the chronotope of a work of art based on the convergence of archetypal oppositions and theaffirmation of the value of spiritual effort aimed at comprehending the highest meaning of existence. Thus, the category of Nothingness in the aesthetics of modernism acts as the embodiment of the ontological problematic nature of the incomprehensible world, a sign of its epistemological uncertainty, correlating the Absolute and the Incomprehensible with the Beautiful.

Promoting the ESG agenda for small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of sustainable development

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan can become a system-forming factor in economic diversification in the context of ESG development. Responsible business requires the responsible attitude of business entities in all those affected by its activities. The introduction of ESG principles into the activities of S&MSB will ensure long-term profitability, improve the image of organizations, and ensure both the sustainability of the company itself and the sustainability of the development of a socio-economic system of a higher order. The formation and implementation of public non-financial indicators for business entities will make it possible to intensify efforts to promote the ESG agenda in transformative business conditions. The goal is to study the problems of promoting the ESG agenda for SMEs in the Republic of Kazakhstan and systematize non-financial indicators that promote responsible business conduct. Research methods - deconstruction, analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, survey. Conclusions are drawn about the need for legislative regulation, the formation of non-financial reporting, and the use of tax incentives for those business entities that follow ESG principles. Legislative regulation is aimed at creating publicity and openness in the presentation of non-financial reporting data. Criteria for monitoring non-financial reporting are proposed, covering the environmental, social, and managerial profile of the entrepreneur. The results obtained can be used by SMEs, higher education, the public, and government authorities.

Феномен рефлексии профессионального опыта курсантов образовательных организаций Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации на этапах практик

Introduction. The reflexive aspect (associated with the self-awareness of the personality as a developing «I-concept») is a system-forming factor that ensures optimal interaction of all acmeological aspects of human professionalisation: educational, professional and creative2. In this regard, the study of the phenomenon of reflection on the professional experience of students of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is of particular relevance. This article reveals the essence and significance of reflection at the stages of students’ practice, suggests the introduction of a reflective map of their readiness for practice, and provides recommendations for the development of reflection. Research methods: theoretical (analysis and generalisation of philosophical, theoretical-methodological and psychological-pedagogical research, content analys is of curricula and programs, methodological complexes of practice), empirical (observation, survey, questionnaire, self-assessment method) and statistical methods (qualitative and quantitative analysis of results). The methods of A.V. Karpov and V. V. Ponomareva and the Student’s T-test were used as the main methods. Based on the analysis of the obtained data on the level of reflexivity among students of the 3rd-5th courses of V.Ya. Kikot’ Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and Lukyanov Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, a low level of reflexivity was revealed in 25.1% of 3rd-year respondents, an average level of reflexivity was revealed in 60.5%, a high level of reflexivity was in 14.4% of respondents. Comparing the dynamics of reflexivity in the example of the 4th and 5th -year students, we can see a natural positive dynamic. In an additional study, the respondents of which were the same 4th -year students, a reflective map of readiness for practical training was proposed. After completing the internship, the students prepared reflective reports, the results were discussed at the subject-methodical section of the department, and appropriate recommendations were given to each of them. In this sample of respondents, the low level of reflexivity has been leveled, in addition, the average and high levels have increased significantly. Results. The introduction of a reflective readiness map for a trainee student and a more thorough reflexive analysis at all stages of practice significantly increase reflexivity indicators and can be proposed for implementation in the practical training of future law enforcement officers.

Deformation of Stable Meaning Formation and Its Difference from Transformation in Experiencing a Situation of Life Crisis

Introduction. Deformation of meaning formation, as an internal mechanism of personal meaning change in the situation of life crisis, is insufficiently studied. This leads to a limited use of the process of meaning regulation of personal meaning change, which entails difficulties of the individual in finding a way to correct his or her meaning-oriented state, such asstagnation, getting stuck and overcoming. Objective. To reveal the mechanism of deformation of meaning formation when personal meaning changes in it in the situation of life crisis and to indicate the difference between deformation and transformation. Comparison of deformation and transformation processes. Using a comparative analysis of the processes of deformation and transformation of meaning formation, we find a clear difference in the mechanism of personal meaning change. In the case of deformation, the situation of life crisis remains unchanged, including motive and goal (meaning motive), attitude and action (meaning attitude). In this case, only their ratio changes, in contrast to the transformation of meaning formation, where the situation changes completely with a complete transition of meaning structures into new or different ones. Pattern of meaning regulation. Deformations of meaning formation are revealed in the mechanism of the pattern of meaning regulation, where changes in personal meaning occur when experiencing a situation of life crisis by means of meaning choice. Meaning choice is a system-forming factor of personal meaning change towards one of the three poles of the pattern of meaning regulation, in the meaning trace of experience (introjection), in conscious experience (ensartence) and in goal-setting (intension). Strategies of meaning choice. In the case of deformation of meaning formation, the meaning motive and meaning attitude do not change into new meaning structures, but change the internal ratio of the goal and action, respectively. This occurs through meaning choice with the purpose of changing personal meaning toward stability (certainty) or instability (uncertainty). Three types of meaning choice strategies are involved in changing personal meaning: the strategy of meaning trace of experience, the strategy of conscious experience, and the strategy of goal setting. Discussion. At deformation of semantic formation its type and type of personality are formed depending on what semantic choice was made under the influence of the situation of life crisis. Such an indicator of semantic choice as readiness of a personality to make it in experiencing the situation of life crisis is determined.

Теоретико-методологическая идентификация затрат в сфере обычной деятельности хозяйствующего субъекта

The study of existing approaches to structuring the theory of costs during the construction of the information and instrumental space for corporate management of the expenditure of resources of an economic entity showed the absence of a unified concept for identifying the term “costs” in the management accounting system. The purpose of the study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of existing cost objectification models with the subsequent formulation and justification of the theoretical and methodological identification of costs in the normal activities of an economic entity. To achieve the goal, a terminological analysis of existing theoretical and methodological approaches to the concept under study was carried out according to the studied definitions using a selected set of identification criteria. It is concluded that most scientific sources connect the interpretation of costs with the transformation of resources, use a process approach and the function of measuring resource consumption, and also pay attention to the dynamics of current assets. However, such important criteria as objectification of costs in the management accounting system, explanatory and predictive capabilities and connection with the digital space are not touched upon. The definition of costs formulated as a result of the study, taking into account the specified criteria, serves as a system-forming factor in structuring the information and instrumental environment for corporate management of the expenditure of funds in the value creation stream of the enterprise.

Challenges and tasks of the philosophy of physical culture and sports, sports science in modern socio-political conditions

The scientific problem lies in the discrepancy between the self-reflective Western and Eastern traditions of the philosophy of sport and the very real sports process and sports science, and, by and large, the classical understanding of the scope and content of the concept of philosophy as such. The relevance of the study lies in the need to eliminate or «remove» this discrepancy, which at three levels openly complicates the development of the philosophy of sport: firstly, as a philosophy in the classical sense of the word; secondly, as a scientific philosophy; and thirdly, as a scientific philosophy of sports and sports science, and not existential, irrational, hermeneutic and other ideas and experiences about philosophizing thoughts about something vaguely reminiscent of them. The purpose of the study is to construct and briefly justify a classification of the scientific philosophy of sports and sports science from the standpoint of classical philosophy and a dialectical-materialistic worldview, as well as to indicate a short list of its main tasks in the current situation of aggravated military-political confrontation between Russia, East and West. The methodology and organization of the study are based on a comprehensive historical, philosophical and scientific theoretical and comparative analysis, including general scientific operations of grouping, systematization, abstraction, idealization and logical operations of defining and dividing concepts, induction, deduction, analogy, determining truth, proof and refutation, constructing a hypothesis. Research results and conclusions. Gradually but steadily growing since the beginning of the 21st century, global changes in the modern socio-political picture of the world are increasingly clearly and rapidly entailing equally significant changes in education and science (including specialized ones). This article presents a system for constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science, which provides a solution to the full range of modern problems of philosophical analysis and scientific research of sport as: • social phenomenon and institution; • cultural and civilizational mechanism of social evolution of humanity; • a mechanism for preserving and improving a person in his inherent parameters of a social and psychophysiological being; • an outpost for preventing the processes of human deanthropolization. It is easy to notice that this system of constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science in many aspects and in terms of system-forming factors differs significantly from its predecessors, at the same time serving as the basis for their scientific and philosophical criticism — criticism that substantiates the urgent need for a radical restructuring of the entire edifice of the philosophy of physical culture and sports, based on from the modern socio-political challenges addressed to her.

V. A. Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogical heritage: innovation and foresight

Introduction. Modern education does not always meet the challenges associated with the rapid changes brought by the new millennium. The spiritual and moral crisis is becoming more and more pronounced. Relying only on “rationality” and practical expediency leads to human degradation and civilizational crisis. This underlies the unprecedented value of pedagogical systems containing certain constructive solutions to the identified problem put forward by practice. According to the general opinion of the world pedagogical community, among such systems is one created by the outstanding humanist V.A. Sukhomlinsky (1918 – 1970). Purpose: To identify and reveal the essence of the ideas and provisions of the Pavlysh innovator that have already played an invaluable role in the enrichment of the national education and will be the driving force of its development in the third millennium. Materials and Methods. The basis of the study is V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s works and the products of his rich educational practice, as well as materials from those who studied the innovator’s creative heritage. The research methodology was based on the conceptual provisions of humanistic pedagogy. The specific methodological tools included the principles of integrity and consistency, objectivity, universal connection of phenomena, combination of retrospective and prospective development, along with sociocultural and system-functional principles. In addition to general scientific methods, such as system-structural analysis and synthesis, the research process also involved formal logical research methods. Results. The study expands and concretizes the existing knowledge about the development of pedagogical theory and school practice in the second half of the 20th century. Identified and characterized are the key ideas and scientific positions of V.A. Sukhomlinsky, the prominent representative of the studied period. They were the foundation of his pedagogical system and played an important role in enriching the theoretical and methodological foundations of pedagogy, the content and support (methodological and technological) of modern educational practice and will certainly become the driving force of its development in the medium and long term. Even though V.A. Sukhomlinsky lived and worked in an ideologized epoch, difficult for creative work, he managed to develop his own pedagogical system, in which the poetic and popular idea merged with its scientific foundations. V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogy is in many respects the pedagogy of the present and the future. It is entirely aimed at the realization of the humanistic ideal. The concepts of goodness and humanity, preached by the educator, nowadays win more and more supporters. As many other provisions of the innovator concerning the construction of the educational process, they can undoubtedly become one of the cornerstones of developing the educational practice in the third millennium. Conclusion. V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s multifaceted activity not only enriched pedagogical science with new ideas and provisions, but also can rightfully be regarded as an important stage in its development. Nowadays, when the world has entered the third millennium and the pedagogical community solves the problems associated with the renewal of the content essence of all parts of education, we believe that the ideas and practical experience of the outstanding teacher will play a productive role in this process. Keywords: upbringing of a comprehensively developed personality, humanization of the pedagogical process, regental function of upbringing, system-forming factor of upbringing, unity of teaching and upbringing

Structural aspects of personality typology of patients suffering from cardiovascular pathology associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus started as a metabolic disorder, but finished as a vascular pathology, which determines the prognosis and outcomes of disease. The research of personality psychotypes of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with cardiovascular pathology was undertaken in order to study one of the basic components of system-forming factor of the pathological nervous regulation system.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: 148 patients were examined (49 men, 99 women), divided into 2 groups: 1) patients with combined cardiovascular pathology and type 2 diabetes mellitus (monitoring group), 2) patients with cardiovascular pathology without type 2 diabetes mellitus (comparison group). Additional control group: 30 practically healthy volunteers. We conducted a questionnaire and a clarifying interview with profile patients undergoing a planned course of treatment in the therapeutic clinics. The domestic version of the psychological questionnaire test mini-mult AMPQ (Abbreviated Multifactorial Personality Questionnaire), which is an abbreviated form of MMPI, as well as “M. Lusher Color Selection Method” were used. The Nickstormsoftware computer software package “Oskord” (version 1.2) was used for statistical processing of the results.
 RESULTS: It was found: there are three main psychotypes — asteno-neurotic, epileptoid-exitable, hyperthymic — prevail in the total population of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with cardiovascular pathology. The most favorable clinical situation is observed in patients with hyperthymic personality type, what demonstrates the systemic level influence of the psychotype. The definition of the personality structure implements a personalized approach to the patient, because it allows you to take into account the characteristics of each psychotype.
 CONCLUSION: Psychical factors affect the treatment of diabetes and concomitant pathology to the same extent as the treatment itself can affect the psychic state. Such a psychophysiological nature of interaction determines the modeling, possibly organizing role of psychotype components in the work of central link of the nervous regulation pathological system — the basis of the cardiovascular pathology associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis, which requires further scrupulous research, analysis and generalization.

Higher military education as a determinant for developing leadership qualities of future military specialists

Purpose: to give theoretical substantiation of the pedagogical conditions and model for developing leadership qualities of future military specialists within the system of higher military education.
 Method: system analysis, systematization, classification and generalization of scientific and methodological literature.
 Findings: within the study, we defined the organizational and pedagogical conditions for developing leadership qualities of future military specialists in the system of higher military education; on their basis, we built a model for developing military university cadets' leadership qualities; within the structure of the model, we focused on leadership components that require a balanced and interconnected development in the training process; highlighted the system-forming factors of the development of leadership qualities of military specialists.
 Future research: study the possibilities of enhancing the cadets' leadership qualities in the course of the extracurricular activities.
 Paper type: theoretical.

Methodological approaches as a scientific basis for creating a pedagogical concept of distance learning organization in higher education institutions

The article examines e-learning as a special form of education and a pedagogical system based on the use of digital technologies. The content of the structural components of e-learning at universities is a pedagogical system that includes goals, means of communication, content of educational information, and subjects of the educational process. with guaranteed achievement of results as a system-forming factor. The following features of the means of communication between the subjects of the educational process are taken into account: students, teachers, tutors, specialist experts, resource developers (designers of pedagogical situations) and their functions. Scientific, methodological and technological support for achieving the desired result of e-learning at universities has been built, taking into account the individual needs of students, expanding the functions of teachers and implementing educational information through digitalization. A diagnostic toolkit has been developed for conducting a predictive pedagogical examination to develop, clarify and adjust students’ individual educational trajectories, taking into account expert opinions.

Methodological aspects of assessing the level of risk resistance of retail trade enterprises

The article aims to improve the scientific and methodological approach to assessing retail enterprises' risk tolerance levels. The research process used the following methods: analysis, synthesis, structuring, systematization, graphic modeling, multidimensional analysis, and integral assessment. The article describes the main features of the modern external environment. Risk management is developing forward-looking thinking and forming readiness for risky situations. The essence of the "risk resistance" concept is revealed, and the main concepts that define it are characterized. A three-dimensional graphic model has been developed, and a methodological toolkit for assessing the level of risk tolerance of retail trade enterprises has been substantiated. An economic-mathematical model is proposed to estimate the probability of achieving a retail enterprise's target level of risk tolerance. A system of system-forming factors that influence the provision of the retail trade enterprise's target level of risk resistance has been formed. The scientific-methodical approach to assessing the level of risk resistance of a retail trade enterprise has been improved, considering the ability to resist external risks and the level of internal risks. It allows the formation of a system of management decisions to ensure a timely response to a wide range of resource and time constraints risks while contributing to achieving target indicators of activity retail trade enterprises. The graphic model of the values of the concepts of risk resistance of a retail trade company, developed based on the results of the study, focuses attention on the dynamics of the concept over time and creates an opportunity to ensure the control of the actual values of the concepts of risk resistance and determine their compliance with permissible, nominal, and critical values. Further research is planned to be devoted to conducting studies of current practices of external and internal risk management in Kharkiv's retail trade enterprises. Keywords: risk, risk resistance, level, risk-generating factors, concepts, integral assessment, integral indicator.

The category of «citizenship» as a pedagogical problem

The problem of citizenship of the population has been one of the main problems of civilized countries for a number of centuries. In modern geopolitical conditions in the Russian Federation this problem has acquired a special scientific and pedagogical status, which is supported by a number of legislative and public initiatives. The implementation of the strategy outlined by the state for the formation of citizenship among the younger generation will be facilitated by a complex of pedagogical influences in different educational environments. This circumstance has made it possible to formulate a scientific problem, which consists in the need for a theoretical substantiation of the definition of «citizenship» as a pedagogical category. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the essence of the category «citizenship» as a subject of pedagogical discourse based on the ideas of humanitarian knowledge. To achieve this goal, the following methods have been used: analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documents, generalization, synthesis, logical modeling.The research results: scientific facts have been identified that reflect the features of approaches to substantiating the category of «citizenship»; the components of citizenship as a pedagogical category have been substantiated; the high significance of the pedagogical approach in comparison with existing approaches in the interpretation of the category under consideration has been proven.Key conclusions: «citizenship» has a diverse interpretation in modern humanitarian knowledge, most extrapolated in sociological and pedagogical research; the structural components of citizenship as a pedagogical category are cognitive, emotional, motivational-need, activity-based, and the result of its formation in young people is civic maturity. The system-forming factor in substantiating the concept of citizenship is the pedagogical approach, which forms the foundation of the substantiation, because lays down the vector and mechanisms for its formation in all institutions of socialization of the individual at all levels of education.

State support for winemaking on the Don as a basis for the development of enotourism

The monitoring of the dynamics of viticulture development in the Rostov region in the process of implementing the Subprogram "Development of viticulture and winemaking" from 2020 to the present is presented. The expert recognition of the uniqueness of the Don wines, is explicated, and the trends of increasing the competitiveness of products are determined. It is proved that state support for winemaking is a systemforming factor in the development of sustainable wine tourism. The research methodology was based on the use of the content analysis, as well of structural and functional analysis, document analysis. The problematic points of development of viticulture, winemaking and their foundations for the functioning of enotourism in the region were considered taking into account the analysis of the situation given by Roskachestvo experts. The results of the secondary (2023) mass survey of residents of the Rostov region are presented. Significant progress has been identified in the awareness of the residents of the region about the quality of Don wine and increasing interest in enogastronomical tours. It is concluded that it is relevant to conduct a horizontal analysis of local clusters in order to more clearly identify the level of correlation of wine production and enotourism with related industries.

Нотоиздательская фирма «П. Юргенсон»: организация, торговая политика и владельческие штампы. По материалам из собрания Российской государственной библиотеки

Music publishing company ‘‘P.Y. Jurgenson’’ has demonstrated outstanding achievements in industrial production and culture of the Russian Empire throughout its history, becoming one of the leaders of the printing industry and a symbol of Russian musical art. The paper examines the organization of this enterprise, its system-forming factors in the context of economic theory and its humanitarian facets. Among them are specialized catalogs containing valuable information about the planned nature of the release of musical literature, thematic headings, their volume and content. Together, they create an opportunity to experience the dynamics of commercial strategies and the scale of products. Among the materials introduced into scientific discourse for the first time, the owner’s stamps of the company ‘‘P. Jurgenson’’ is a characteristic detail of its organizational work. The focus is on the various artistic design of these signs, which creates a perspective for a variety of possible interpretations. One of them is associated with the functioning of warehouses used for storing and selling their own circulations, as well as musical literature produced by other trademarks, which was in the nature of a mutual partnership. Consequently, such interaction was widespread and was part of trade policy among Russian and foreign entrepreneurs.

Інформаційно-психологічне протиборство в умовах війни

B a c k g r o u n d . The information sphere, being a system-forming factor of society's life, actively influences the state of political, economic, defence and other components of state security. Information-psychological warfare (IPW) originated in ancient times. It arose simultaneously with the appearance of armed conflict as a component of armed struggle in the form of destroying the forces and means of armed struggle of the enemy and a psychological means of weakening the combat power of the enemy and raising the morale of its troops. Ukraine's national security is significantly dependent on the state of informational and psychological warfare, and this dependence will grow along with technological progress. M e t h o d s . A theoretical analysis of scientific publications on a specific issue was used; comparative analysis of regulatory documents on informational and psychological warfare; generalization and synthesis. R e s u l t s . The content, role and significance of information and psychological warfare in the context of modern forms and methods of information warfare in conditions of war are considered. The essence of informational and psychological warfare as a system of informational and psychological influences on the informational resources of the enemy, the consciousness and feelings of its military personnel and the population, as well as a set of measures to protect one's own informational and psychological resources, is defined. The constituent parts, tasks, principles and functions of information warfare are defined and analyzed. The trends of informational and psychological warfare in the conditions of war are revealed and its orientation at the operational and tactical level in everyday activities during the preparation and conduct of hostilities is analyzed. The author identified the problematic issues of informational and psychological warfare in modern conditions and explored their features in the context of threats to the national security of Ukraine. C o n c l u s i o n s . Presented modern views on the essence, forms and methods of conducting information and psychological warfare of the leading world states that are leaders in this area can be used for the development of the necessary national methodological base and the development of scientifically based recommendations, and in the future, substantiated normative legal acts on the organization and conducting informational and psychological warfare in war conditions.

The new paradigm of labor law in an information society

Based on the paradigm and system approach, the author analyzes the evolution of the labor law paradigm, which formed within the industrial type of society and economy and is currently experiencing a paradigm crisis, as it is losing its cognitive effectiveness and predictive purpose. For labor law as a complex developing system, the process of evolution is characteristic. It is similar to the paradigm process, which is mediated by two coherent factors (permanent - socially significant needs of the subjects of labor law, and temporal - the dominant type of society and economy). The same factors are typical for the evolution of the system, where socially significant needs act as a permanent system-forming factor of the industry. The external environment acts as a temporal factor - changes taking place in society and the economy, with which the system is in constant interaction. These processes differ in the outcome of a possible scientific crisis. The paradigm approach assumes one way out - a scientific revolution and the emergence of a new paradigm. The development of events with a systematic approach is more variable. When, as a result of the modification of individual elements of the system, the process of evolution starts, leading to a crisis, it can end both with the death of this system, and with transformations in it and the formation on the basis of the old system of a new one, more adapted to external conditions, that is, the emergence of a new paradigm. A judgment has been put forward that the new paradigm of labor law should be based on a transformed, expanded understanding of the labor relationship as a relationship based on labor activity carried out by an individual personally in order to meet socially significant needs and maintain his life, in any form, under control, management and / or subordination to the subject providing work (employer), in whose interests the work is carried out.

ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЕ НОТОИЗДАТЕЛЬСКОЕ ДЕЛО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX – НАЧАЛА XX ВВ.: ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ОТРАСЛИ

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of the domestic music publishing business in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, the structure, organization and functioning of trade activities of large and small enterprises. Strategically important positions that create a holistic view of the mechanisms of obtaining material profit, effective ways of enlarging and optimizing printing production are identified, the system-forming factors influencing the process of individualization of its corporate identity are indicated. These include: foreign entrepreneurs who headed a number of the largest Russian firms; commercial strategies aimed at monopolizing the market and strengthening its dynamics. An important addition to this context are: the presence or absence of its own music printing, the production and sale of musical instruments, accessories and related products, as well as the experience of patronage and charity, which has no analogues in world practice, allowing us to talk about the exceptional cultural status and phenomenon of domestic music publishing. The work of well-known trademarks after 1917 in Soviet Russia and abroad becomes a great information resource of the declared topic. The totality of the results obtained creates an idea of the various facets of this phenomenon in the space-time dynamics and perspective and forms additional opportunities for its study

Частные механизмы доказывания по уголовным делам

The article continues to develop the author’s ideas about the mechanism of proof in criminal cases. This time, private mechanisms of proof are under the research scope. Here hypotheses about their existence are put forward and confirmed, as well as about the place of private mechanisms in the general mechanism of proof. The author presents a large–scale classification on 13 grounds, where the system-forming factor in distinguishing the mechanisms of proof is the category of crimes, clearly demonstrates the relationship between two mechanisms — criminal activity and evidence activities in the form of a three-level “mirror” display: mechanisms, characteristics and techniques. It is established that the classification of private mechanisms of proof will allow us to advance in the construction of a “conceptual bridge” between these mechanisms, clarify their essence and identify flaws for further improvement.

Digital educational environment: the methodological aspect of launching innovations

The postnonclassical methodology of environment-oriented learning is based on the synthesis of informatics, psychology and pedagogy. The pedagogical constructs of the digital learning environment are three types of digital pedagogical resources: information, communication, and management of learning and cognitive activities.The interdisciplinary approach allowed us to define a digital learning system functioning in an educational environment enriched with a digital part. The digital learning system includes the subjects of the educational process (teachers and learners) as well as new objects functioning on a digital platform: three types of interrelated pedagogical resources. Under certain conditions, the system acts as an integrity and fulfills the educational function.The value of the article lies in the substantiation of the necessity to change connections in the digital learning system in order to achieve innovative effects. It is substantiated that the necessary condition for the manifestation of innovative effects is the actualization of new connections and relations between the elements of the highlighted system. The profound changes in the digital learning system require a radical restructuring of the links and relations in accordance with the post-non-classical pedagogical methodology. For this purpose, in accordance with the first fundamental law of cybernetics, it is necessary to increase the diversity of the process control system. Such diversity can be achieved by increasing the freedom of educational actions of students not only by expanding the spatial and temporal framework of activity but also by the ability to choose the depth, the functionality of problem solving, the situation of its solution through a variety of information and communication actions in the digital environment. The expansion of the space of educational choice and the responsibility associated with it contributes to a conscious independence in learning, student’s transition from the position of the object of control by the teacher to the subject of co-management, self-management of learning activities.The system-forming factor of digital transformation of activity is defined as setting the goals of educational activity associated with the adoption of new values, both terminal and instrumental. The emergence of the third digital divide, preventing the achievement of innovative effects in the developing educational environment, is substantiated.The article is addressed to university teachers oriented to achieve new results of professional training in the use of digital environment. The presented scientific approaches are new for domestic and foreign practice.

SLOW READING AS A METHOD FOR REVEALING IMPLICIT MEANINGS IN THE LITERARY WORK

SLOW READING AS A METHOD FOR REVEALING IMPLICIT MEANINGS IN THE LITERARY WORK