System Design Research Articles

The Best Design for a Direct Evaporative Cooling System Based on Pressure Drop at Desired Saturation Efficiency: A Cost–Benefit Optimization

The Best Design for a Direct Evaporative Cooling System Based on Pressure Drop at Desired Saturation Efficiency: A Cost–Benefit Optimization

Adaptive output feedback control system design for nonlinear systems via neural networks

Adaptive output feedback control system design for nonlinear systems via neural networks

A Zero-Voltage-Writing Artificial Nervous System Based on Biosensor Integrated on Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction.

The artificial nervous system proves the great potential for the emulation of complex neural signal transduction. However, a more bionic system design for bio-signal transduction still lags behind that of physical signals, and relies on additional external sources. Here, we present a zero-voltage-writing artificial nervous system (ZANS) that integrates a bio-source-sensing device (BSSD) for ion-based sensing and power generation with a hafnium-zirconium oxide-ferroelectric tunnel junction (HZO-FTJ) for the continuously adjustable resistance state. The BSSD can use ion bio-source as both perception and energy source, and then output voltage signals varied with the change of ion concentrations to the HZO-FTJ, which completes the zero-voltage-writing neuromorphic bio-signal modulation. In view of in-/ex-vivo biocompatibility, we show the precise muscle control of a rabbit leg by integrating the ZANS with a flexible nerve stimulation electrode. The independence on external source enhances the application potential of ZANS in robotics and prosthetics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Robotic Assistance and Haptic Feedback in Arthroscopic Procedures: Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Two-Arm System

Robotic Assistance and Haptic Feedback in Arthroscopic Procedures: Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Two-Arm System

Sustained-release drug delivery systems.

The design and development of a sustained-release drug delivery system targeting the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the eye could overcome the limitations of topically administered eye drops. Understanding how to modify or design new materials with specific functional properties that promote the attachment and release of specific drugs over longer time periods, alongside understanding clinical needs, can lead to new strategic opportunities to improve treatment options. In this paper we discuss two approaches to the design or modification of materials to produce a sustained therapeutic effect. Firstly, we discuss how the synthesis of a peptide hydrogel from a naturally-derived antimicrobial material led to the design of a bandage contact lens which may be able to be used prophylactically to reduce post-surgery infection. Secondly, we discuss how silicone oil tamponade agents used to treat retinal detachments can have adjunctive behaviour to enhance the solubility of the anti-proliferative drug retinoic acid and produce a sustained release over several weeks. These studies are the result of close partnerships between clinical ophthalmologists, materials scientists, and chemists, and illustrate how these partnerships can lead to comprehensive understandings that have the potential to change patient outcomes.

Structural mechanisms for binding and activation of a contact-quenched fluorophore by RhoBAST.

The fluorescent light-up aptamer RhoBAST, which binds and activates the fluorophore-quencher conjugate tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline with high affinity, super high brightness, remarkable photostability, and fast exchange kinetics, exhibits excellent performance in super-resolution RNA imaging. Here we determine the co-crystal structure of RhoBAST in complex with tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline to elucidate the molecular basis for ligand binding and fluorescence activation. The structure exhibits an asymmetric "A"-like architecture for RhoBAST with a semi-open binding pocket harboring the xanthene of tetramethylrhodamine at the tip, while the dinitroaniline quencher stacks over the phenyl of tetramethylrhodamine instead of being fully released. Molecular dynamics simulations show highly heterogeneous conformational ensembles with the contact-but-unstacked fluorophore-quencher conformation for both free and bound tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline being predominant. The simulations also show that, upon RNA binding, the fraction of xanthene-dinitroaniline stacked conformation significantly decreases in free tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline. This highlights the importance of releasing dinitroaniline from xanthene tetramethylrhodamine to unquench the RhoBAST-tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline complex. Using SAXS and ITC, we characterized the magnesium dependency of the folding and binding mode of RhoBAST in solution and indicated its strong structural robustness. The structures and binding modes of relevant fluorescent light-up aptamers are compared, providing mechanistic insights for rational design and optimization of this important fluorescent light-up aptamer-ligand system.

Design and Visualization Strategy of Brand Recognition System Based on CAD Technology

Design and Visualization Strategy of Brand Recognition System Based on CAD Technology

Design of Intelligent Logistics Management System Based on Machine Learning

Design of Intelligent Logistics Management System Based on Machine Learning

Design and Performance Evaluation of Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Deep Learning

Design and Performance Evaluation of Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Deep Learning

Phytoremediation of Grey Water

Greywater, generated from domestic activities excluding toilet waste, presents a significant challenge for water management due to its diverse contaminants and potential environmental impact. Conventional treatment methods often fall short in addressing the complex composition of greywater while maintaining sustainability. Phytoremediation, a green technology that utilizes plants and their associated microorganisms, offers a promising and ecofriendly alternative for greywater treatment. This paper reviews the principles, mechanisms, and applications of phytoremediation in the context of greywater treatment. Various phytoremediation techniques such as rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, and phytodegradation are discussed, highlighting their efficacy in removing pollutants such as organic matter, nutrients, pathogens, and heavy metals from greywater. The role of specific plant species with remediation potential and their physiological mechanisms in contaminant uptake and transformation are examined. Case studies and experimental findings from greywater phytoremediation projects around the world are presented to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of this approach. Factors influencing phytoremediation performance, including plant selection, hydraulic conditions, nutrient availability, and system design, are analysed to optimize greywater treatment efficiency.

Analysis and design of wireless power transfer system with anti-misalignment constant voltage output characteristics

Analysis and design of wireless power transfer system with anti-misalignment constant voltage output characteristics

Information System for Operational Goods Management at the Career Guidance and Entrepreneurship Center Malikussaleh University

Managing operational goods manually leads to slow and inefficient work performance, hence the design and implementation of an information system that can efficiently manage operational goods needs to be done in a structured manner and work optimally. Analysis of operational goods needs is conducted through observation and interviews with relevant parties to discuss the problems faced and identify the required features. Some key features implemented in this system include complaint management for operational goods needs, which can be managed and utilized for effective procurement or requests for goods according to requirements. This system is designed using the PHP programming language with the Codeigniter framework and MySQL database for database management. With this system in place, it is expected to assist in the more effective and systematic management of operational goods needs at the Career Guidance and Entrepreneurship Center of Malikussaleh University.

Design of Series-Connected Novel Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power All-DC System with Fault Blocking Capability

The utilization of wind power all-DC systems with DC collection and transmission is an effective solution for the extensive development of wind power in deep-sea areas. However, in the event of faults occurring in wind power all-DC systems, the fault propagation speed is extremely rapid, with a wide-ranging impact, and to date, there are no complete DC engineering references available. It is crucial to research the topology and fault isolation methods applicable to large-scale offshore wind power all-DC systems in deep-sea areas. This paper proposes a novel series-connected all-DC system topology and presents corresponding fault isolation methods for internal faults in wind turbine units and faults in high-voltage DC transmission lines. The system simulation model was constructed using PSCAD/EMTDC (v4.6.3), and simulations were conducted for internal faults in the wind turbine units and DC transmission line short-circuit faults. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system can isolate various DC faults while maintaining stable operation, thereby validating the effectiveness of the control strategies and fault isolation methods proposed in this paper.

Optimal and Efficient Design of WBAN Sensor Antenna System and Voxel-Based Path Loss Modeling for Internet of Wearable Things

Optimal and Efficient Design of WBAN Sensor Antenna System and Voxel-Based Path Loss Modeling for Internet of Wearable Things

Participatory design of a virtual reality life review therapy system for palliative care

We present a novel Virtual Reality (VR) life review therapy system. Life review therapy is an intervention used by clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers for patients under palliative care to systematically examine various life experiences to resolve conflicts and complete life tasks. The goal of the therapy is to narrativize the patient’s life before death in order to come to terms with their mortality. Our VR life review therapy system allows therapists to perform their interventions in customized virtual spaces designed to encourage the patient to reflect and reminisce about their life experiences. Our system is also developed in response to mobility restrictions and COVID-19 pandemic-related quarantine measures that have separated patients under palliative care from family and friends, resulting in emotional and psychological distress. As VR systems related to health are increasingly being used by therapists in their interventions, it is of utmost importance that the health professionals who will be the end users of these systems are involved in the design process to create ethical healthcare technologies. In response, we initiated the participatory design and evaluation of our VR life review therapy system prototype with six clinical psychologists who have practical experience delivering life review therapy to patients in palliative care in the Hong Kong hospital system. In the study, each participant experienced the VR life review therapy system and evaluated its strengths and weaknesses through semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data gathered from these interviews was coded according to nine different categories; avatars, content design, evaluation, haptic sensations, interaction, gesturing and gaze direction, movement and navigation, non-verbal communication, soundtrack. These conceptual categories were chosen based on our analysis of common themes reported by the clinical psychologists’ experience of the system. Feedback from clinical psychologists on each of these categories was incorporated into the redesign and update of the final system. Overall, participants generally evaluated the system as feasible and effective for use with patients under palliative care, while movement and interaction were the features requiring the most improvement.

Assuring AI safety: fallible knowledge and the Gricean maxims

AbstractIn this paper we argue that safety claims, when justified by a safety case, are descriptive fallible knowledge claims. Even if the aim of a safety case was to justify infallible knowledge about the safety of a system, such infallible safety knowledge is impossible to attain in the case of AI-enabled systems. By their nature AI-enabled systems preclude the possibility of obtaining infallible knowledge concerning their safety or lack thereof. We suggest that one can communicate knowledge of an AI-enabled system’s safety by structuring their exchange according to Paul Grice’s Cooperative Principle which can be achieved via adherence to the Gricean maxims of communication. Furthermore, these same maxims can be used to evaluate the calibre of the exchange, with the aim being to ensure that communicating knowledge about an AI-enabled system’s safety is of the highest calibre, in short, that the communication is relevant, of sufficient quantity and quality, and communicated perspicuously. The high calibre communication of safety claims to an epistemically diverse group of stakeholders is vitally important given the increasingly participatory nature of AI-enabled system design, development and assessment.

Machine learning-based model for the intelligent estimation of critical heat flux in nanofluids

The rising demand for advanced energy systems requires enhanced thermal management strategies to maximize resource utilization and productivity. This is quite an important industrial and academic trend as the efficiency of energy systems depends on the cooling systems. This study intends to address the critical need for efficient heat transfer mechanisms in industrial energy systems, particularly those relying on pool boiling conditions, by mainly focusing on Critical Heat Flux (CHF). In fact, CHF keeps a limit in thermal system design, beyond which the efficiency of the system drops. Recent research materials have highlighted nanofluids’ superior heat transfer properties over conventional pure fluids, like water, which makes them a considerable substitution for improving CHF in cooling systems. However, the broad variability in experimental outcomes challenges the development of a unified predictive model. Besides, Machine Learning (ML) based prediction has shown great accuracy for modeling of the designing parameters, including CHF. Utilizing ML algorithms—Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Extra Tree, and Light Gradient Boosting Method (LightGBM)— four predictive models have been developed and the benchmark shows CFNN’s superior accuracy with an average goodness of fit of 89.32%, significantly higher than any available model in the literature. Also, the iterative stability analysis demonstrated that this model with a 0.0348 standard deviation and 0.0268 mean absolute deviation is the most stable and robust method that its performance minorly changes with input data. The novelty of the work mainly lies in the prediction of CHF with these advanced algorithm models to enhance the reliability and accuracy of CHF prediction for designing purposes, which are capable of considering many effective parameters into account with much higher accuracy than mathematical fittings. This study not only explains the complex interplay of nanofluid parameters affecting CHF but also offers practical implications for the design of more efficient thermal management systems, thereby contributing to the broader field of energy system enhancement through innovative cooling solutions.

Design of a sustainable system for wastewater treatment and generation of biofuels based on the biomass of the aquatic plant Eichhornia Crassipes

Colombia’s continuous contamination of water resources and the low alternatives to produce biofuels have affected the fulfillment of the objectives of sustainable development, deteriorating the environment and affecting the economic productivity of this country. Due to this reality, projects on environmental and economic sustainability, phytoremediation, and the production of biofuels such as ethanol and hydrogen were combined. The objective of this article was to design and develop a sustainable system for wastewater treatment and the generation of biofuels based on the biomass of the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes. A system that simulates an artificial wetland with live E. crassipes plants was designed and developed, removing organic matter contaminants; subsequently, and continuing the sustainability project, bioreactors were designed, adapted, and started up to produce bioethanol and biohydrogen with the hydrolyzed biomass used in the phytoremediation process, generating around 12 g/L of bioethanol and around 81 ml H2/g. The proposed research strategy suggests combining two sustainable methods, bioremediation and biofuel production, to preserve the natural beauty of water systems and their surroundings.

Scale-up prediction of the head loss of a high concentration, non-Newtonian particulate slurry

The design of a mineral slurry transportation system is difficult because of the non-Newtonian nature of the flow at high slurry concentrations. The behavior of the slurry depends on many physio-chemical properties such as particle density, particle size distribution (PSD), particle shape, chemical composition, pH etc. This work presents a comparative study between three preferred methods of scale-up of the head loss in larger diameter pipelines, namely Bowen’s Method, rheological method and Wilson’s Method. The performance of each method is validated with the pipe loop test data in a 200 DN pipeline. A high concentration (>50% by weight) iron ore concentrate slurry was used for carrying out the above study. This work would be beneficial for engineers involved in the design and maintenance of the slurry pipelines with respect to the choice of the scale-up methods available for estimation of the head loss for a time independent, homogenous, non-Newtonian particulate slurry for both laminar and turbulent regime.

Optimization of Aircraft Fuel Systems Considering Fluid Dynamics Principles

The fuel system is the lifeline of any aircraft, pivotal for its operation and future advancements. This study delves into aircraft fuel system design methodologies, aiming to streamline development processes. Through optimization and matrix methods like the morphological matrix, Saab Aerospace pioneer’s conceptual designs. These methods automate development and deepen our understanding of how top-level requirements impact engineering details. Quantifying matrices opens doors to design optimization and probabilistic design. Furthermore, a systematic approach to simulation modeling minimizes development time, leveraging parallel development and collaborative engineering. With stakeholder expectations in mind, experience gleaned from projects like the Gripen fuel system shapes an overarching process for future endeavors. This journey promises to reshape aircraft fuel system design, ensuring each drop of fuel propels us towards boundless horizons. Key Words: Aerospace engineering, Fuel system, Optimization techniques, Matrix methods, Simulation models, Conceptual design, System integration, Aircraft performance, Fuel tank configurations, Operational flexibility, Gripen Fuel, DSM- Design Structure Matrix