Syrup Group Research Articles

Effect of artificial sugar supplement on the lifespan and learning memory ability of honey bee (Apis cerana) worker bee offspring.

Honeybees maintain their growth and reproduction mainly by collecting nutrients from nectar-source plants. Apis cerana, a unique species of honeybee in China, is capable of sporadically collecting nectar. In traditional beekeeping, sugar syrup or a honey-water solution must be artificially fed to bees to supplement their diet during rainy weather or nectar-deficient periods. In this study, 2 groups of honeybee colonies were each fed sugar syrup or a honey-water solution, and a third group consisting of colonies that were allowed to naturally forage without any dietary supplement was used as the control. The effects of the 2 sugar sources on A. cerana worker bee offspring were compared. The results showed that the sugar source affected the lifespan and learning memory of the worker bee offspring. The lifespan, learning memory ability, and expression of related genes in the sugar syrup group were significantly lower than those in the honey-water solution and natural nectar foraging groups (P < 0.05). A honey-water solution supplement was more beneficial to the healthy development of worker bee offspring than a sugar syrup supplement when the colonies lacked dietary resources. These findings provide a theoretical basis that can guide beekeepers in choosing the appropriate dietary supplements for honeybees.

A syrup containing l-arabinose and d-xylose appears superior to PEG-4000 as a bowel cleansing agent

Adequate bowel cleansing is crucial for endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, and the recovery of gut microbiota after intestinal cleansing is also important. A hypertonic syrup predominantly comprising l-arabinose and d-xylose (20% xylo-oligosaccharides) can be extracted from the hemicellulose of corn husks and cobs. l-Arabinose and xylo-oligosaccharides have been reported to relieve constipation and improve the gut microbial environment. This study evaluated the bowel cleansing effect of the aforementioned syrup and its influence on the organism and intestinal microbiota after cleansing in comparison with polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG-4000) in mice. Bowel cleansing was performed using syrup or PEG-4000 in C57BL/6J mice, and the effect of intestinal preparation and its influence on serum electrolytes and gut microbiota after bowel cleansing were evaluated. The volume of intestinal residual feces in the syrup group was significantly lower than that in the PEG-4000 group. Additionally, syrup disturbed serum electrolytes more mildly than PEG-4000. Alpha diversity in the gut microbiota was significantly higher in the syrup group than in the PEG-4000 group on the first day after bowel cleansing. However, no difference in beta diversity was observed between the two groups. Syrup increased the abundance of Bifidobacteria and Christensenella and decreased the abundance of Akkermansia in comparison with PEG-4000 on the first day after bowel cleansing. Thus, this syrup has potential clinical use as a bowel cleansing agent given the above effects, its benefits and safety, and better taste and acceptability.

A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFICACY OF ORAL VITAMIN D FORMULATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN WITH VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: Chronic low back pain is a global health problem with significant medical and economic burden. Vitamin D deficiency and obesity are its risk factors. The objective was to determine efficacy of oral vitamin D formulations in patients with chronic low back pain with vitamin D deficiency.&#x0D; Methods: A prospective analytical cohort study was conducted. Patients with self-reported chronic low back pain and with vitamin D concentrations ≤30 ng/dl were identified and randomized into 3 groups namely Granule, Nano syrup and soft gel capsule group. Vitamin D supplementation of 60,000 IUs per dose for ten consecutive days was given in the form of granule (1 g sachet), Nano syrup (5 ml bottle) and soft gel capsule. We measured (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) concentrations and to assess pain, Visual analogue scale and Modified Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (MODQ) were used before and 12 w after the intervention.&#x0D; Results: After 12 w 25(OH)D levels increased significantly with vitamin D supplementation in all the groups but more in the Nano syrup group. There was also significant reduction in back pain intensity in all the groups after vitamin D supplementation. However in Nano syrup group, there was a significantly greater reduction in back pain compared with other groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient adults may improve chronic low back pain. Hence, testing for vitamin D deficiency in those with chronic low back pain may be warranted.

The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol on the heart in rats fed corn syrup: The role of spexin, pentraxin-3

Background/Aim: Increased consumption of corn syrup has been linked to various metabolic diseases. The Mediterranean diet, one of the healthiest known diets, is renowned for its cardioprotective effects. We investigated the possible roles of new molecules such as spexin (SPX) and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) in the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), one of the primary main components of olive oil, in rats fed corn syrup. Methods: The animals were divided into four groups of n=6 rats each: Group I (Control), Group II (HT), Group III (Corn Syrup), and Group IV (Corn Syrup+HT). The rats were given 30% corn syrup with drinking water for 6 weeks. Liquid containing HT (4 ml/kg/day) was applied by oral gavage alone and together with corn syrup for 6 weeks. SPX and PTX-3 were examined histopathologically in the animals’ heart tissue after the rats were sacrificed, and histoscores were created for SPX and PTX-3 immunoreactivity. The data were analyzed using both one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: We detected a decrease in SPX (P&lt;0.001) and an increase in PTX-3 (P=0.013) in the Corn Syrup group compared with the Control group. After HT treatment, an increase in SPX (P=0.025) and a decrease in PTX-3 (P&lt;0.001) were detected. There were no differences between the HT and Control groups. Conclusion: The protective effects of HT against heart damage might be conferred via SPX and PTX-3. These molecules are considered to be important target molecules involved in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases.

The Efficacy of a Herbal Syrup (Containing Plum, Jujube, Yellow Myrobalan, Golden Shower, Tamarind, Honey) in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris: A Triple- Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Many patients, chiefly teenagers, seek effective treatment for acne vulgaris. Besides topical treatments, antibiotics, and anti-androgens, herbal treatments have been used against it. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of an herbal combination based on Prunus domestica L., Tamarindus indica L., Terminalia chebula L., Ziziphus jujube L., and Cassia fistula L. on acne vulgaris. Methods: This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm parallel trial was conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. Patients were randomized, 55 in each group, to receive either herbal syrup or placebo (10 cc every 8 hours) for 12 weeks and were followed for 4 weeks. The severity of acne and participants’ psychological status was assessed by acne severity index (ASI) and Cardiff acne disability index (CADI), respectively. Results: No significant changes were observed up to the sixth week of treatment in both groups (P ≥ 0.05). From 6 weeks to 12 weeks, the outcomes indicated a significant reduction in the mean number of comedones (P &lt; 0.030), papules (P &lt; 0.045), pustules (P &lt; 0.026), nodules (P &lt; 0.044), and ASI (P &lt; 0.001) in the herbal syrup group compared to the placebo group. Nevertheless, this did not continue after 4 weeks of follow-up (16th week). Conclusions: The herbal syrup could be an alternative treatment in patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Indeed, more clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup in treating acute trachea-bronchitis with wind-heat invading lung syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, multicentre, controlled trial.

Children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup is an herbal preparation from a lifetime professor, famous old Chinese doctor, and postgraduate supervisor of medical doctor of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This herbal preparation promotes lung health, relieves cough, reduces phlegm, and benefits pharynx. To verify the clinical efficacy and safety of Zibei Xuanfei syrup for children in treatment of acute trachea bronchitis with wind-heat invading lung syndrome. This was an age-stratified, block randomized, double-blind, extremely low dose parallel control, multi-center clinical trial. A total of 453 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute tracheal bronchitis in Western medicine and cough due to exogenous factors with wind-heat invading lung syndrome in Chinese medicine were enrolled. They were divided into three subgroups based on age 1∼3, 4-7, and 8-14 years old, and randomly assigned to children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup and extremely low doses of children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup (control) in a 3:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the decreased values of cough Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score after 7 days of administration. Secondary outcomes included a decrease in cough VAS score after 3 and 5 days of the administration, and the total score of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) syndrome after 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment. The chest X-ray and blood C-reactive protein were examined during screening. The safety assessment included blood urine, and stool routine, liver and kidney function of laboratory tests, and an electrocardiogram at the screening and the last visit. The subjects of two groups had high administration adherence (completion over 80%) (299/323, 92.6% in children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup group vs 103/107, 96.3% in the control group; p>0.05). The children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup group was significantly better than the control group in the decreased values of cough VAS score after 7 days of administration(6.35±3.45 vs 3.73±3.98, p<0.001). The subgroup analysis of the decreased value of cough VAS scores aged 1-3 years old were 5.80±3.43 vs 3.75±4.38 (P=0.003), 4-7 years old was 6.30±3.69 vs 2.73±3.65 (P<0.001), and 8-14 years old were 6.91±3.12 vs 4.69±3.75(P=0.001)respectively. The secondary outcomes decrease values of cough VAS score of children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup group vs control group after 5 days of administration were 5.88±2.90 vs 3.55±3.41(P<0.001), after 3 days of administration were 3.61±2.53 vs 2.43±2.56 (P<0.001). The effective rate of the TCM symptom total score of children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup group vs control group was 91.38% vs 54.95%after 7 days of the administration, 86.93% vs 50.94% after 5 days of the administration, and 64.78% vs 40.19% after 3 days administration(each p<0.001). There was no significant difference in Adverse Event between the two groups (59/331, 17.82% vs 15/111, 13.51%, P>0.05). The children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup group had 5 Serious Adverse Events (incidence rate 1.21%), all of which were unrelated to the trial drug. Children's Zibei Xuanfei syrup appears to be extremely effective and safe in the treatment of acute trachea bronchitis with wind-heat invading lung syndrome. Future studies with large sample sizes will need to collect more safety data use for children.

EFFICACY OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACKACHE – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: Chronic low back ache (LBA) is one of the commonest and expensive ailments of youngsters with ambiguous pathophysiology leading to a signicant loss of productivity. Studies established that the vitamin D is a proven anabolic hormone for the entire musculoskeletal system. This study was designed to evaluate the differences in outcomes with various oral formulations of vitamin D available in the market. This Methodology: study is a randomised, prospective, open label analytical study of a cohort of patients with LBA and hypovitaminosis D from June 2022 to August 2022. Patients were sequentially randomized to one of the three treatment subgroups (Granule group, Nano Syrup group, Soft gel capsule group) named after the vit.D formulation they received after establishment of clinical, radiological and biochemical eligibility. Total number of 145 subjects were screened, among them 119 subjects were eligible and 87 have completed the study. Vitamin D supplementation of 60,000 IUs per dose for ten consecutive days (pulse-D therapy) was given in form of granule (1 g sachet) or nano syrup using aqueous nanotechnology (5 mL bottle) or soft gel capsule. Adverse drug reaction recording chart was provided to all patients and was reviewed regularly. The patient's weight was measured on day 0, week 3, week 6, week 9 and week 12. Hypovitaminosis D is a potential Results: causative factor for LBA in addition to the other known factors. The results obtained with nano syrup formulation were signicantly better compared to other formulations. Vitamin D can play an important role in pathogenesis and treatment of LBA. Nano Conclusion: formulations developed with aqueous technology have shown enhanced stability, water solubility, bioavailability, signicantly better improvement in vitamin D level and functional outcome in low back pain

The effects of different industrial sugars on royal jelly production

In this study, the larvae acceptance rate and the royal jelly yield in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies supplemented with different industrial sugars at different locations were determined. For this purpose, feeding groups (1. Sucrose group, 2. Glucose group, 3. Bee feed syrup group, 4. Control group) and locations (1. Battalgazi, 2. Doğanşehir) were formed. In queenless colonies that produce royal jelly, in order to sustain 5-15 day-old young feeder worker bees, two sealed frames with brood from support colonies were added. The royal jelly yield was harvested seven times. Based on the location, the feeding groups, and the location x feeding groups interaction, 12600 larvae were grafted, 9054 larvae were accepted, and the larvae acceptance rate was determined as 71.86%. Based on the location, feeding groups and the location x feeding group interaction, the yield per cell was calculated as 213.15 ± 11.53 mg/cell, the yield per colony as 6.88 ± 0.38 g/col./app., and the total yield per colony as 34.40 ± 1.91 g/colony. In the study, no statistically significant difference was determined between feeding with sucrose, bee feed and the supplementary feeding with glucose. On the other hand, it was determined that the location where the royal jelly was produced affected both the larvae acceptance and the royal jelly yield.

Efficacy of a standardized herbal formulation from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. as an adjuvant treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled trial

IntroductionAs no specific pharmacological intervention has been known for COVID-19, medicinal plants may be a suitable candidate for management of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a herbal syrup from licorice as an adjuvant treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods213 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were assigned to receive either standardized licorice syrup as an adjuvant treatment plus standard care [Syrup Group (SYRUP), N = 91], or standard care alone [Standard Group (STANDARD), N = 104], for 7 days. The primary endpoint was duration of hospitalization in survivors. The secondary endpoints included 25% increase in oxygen saturation, C-reactive protein (CRP) difference and lymphocyte difference from baseline, number of death and number of patients transferred to ICU. ResultsMean duration of admission was 5.24 days in SYRUP and 7.14 days in STANDARD (p < 0.001). Oxygen saturation increased in 86 of 91 patients (94.5%) in the licorice group, compared to 83 of 104 patients (79.8%) in the control group (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of patients died during hospitalization (p = 0.837). Five patients in SYRUP and 16 patients in STANDARD were transferred to ICU (p < 0.026). Mean reduction in CRP (p < 0.001) and mean increase in the number of lymphocytes (p = 0.008) in SYRUP were significantly higher than STANDARD. DiscussionLicorice syrup as an adjuvant treatment demonstrated promising results on duration of hospital admission, O2 saturation as well as inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients; however, further clinical studies with larger sample size are suggested to achieve more conclusive results.

Consumption of Micronutrient Powder, Syrup or Fortified Food Significantly Improves Zinc and Iron Status in Young Mexican Children: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of three micronutrient products on biomarkers of iron and zinc status of Mexican children 6–12 months of age. As part of research to improve the impact of a national program, 54 communities were randomly assigned to receive: (1) fortified food (FF), provided by the program at the time, or (2) micronutrient powders (MNP) or (3) syrup. Each product contained 10 mg each of zinc and iron, plus other micronutrients. Children consumed the product 6 days/week for four months. Primary outcomes were changes in serum zinc, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, hemoglobin concentrations, and their deficiencies. Zinc concentration increased significantly from baseline to follow-up in all groups, with the largest change in the syrup group (geometric mean difference: +4.4 µmol/L; 95%CI: 3.2, 5.5), followed by MNP (+2.9 µmol/L; 95%CI: 2.1, 3.6) and FF (+0.9 µmol/L; 95%CI: 0.3, 1.6). There was a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration (+5.5 g/L; 2.5, 8.4) and a significant reduction in anemia prevalence (44.2% to 26.8%, p < 0.01) only in the MNP group. Compliance differed significantly among groups (MNP vs. FF, p = 0.04; MNP vs. syrup, p = 0.04), but may not fully explain the greater improvement in zinc and iron status in the syrup and MNP groups. The food matrix may influence nutrient utilization from supplements.

Effect of honey and ginger mixture on productive cough in pediatrics patients

Background: Cough is common problem in pediatric age. Most of the parents use over the counter drugs along with cough syrups. Most of the cough syrup causes drowsiness and sedation as an adverse effect. So considering this we use ginger and honey mixture for treatment of productive cough to see its effectiveness. In Ayurveda, it is used since ancient time and in Indian it is used for home remedy for treatment of cough.Methods: We selected patient attended pediatric outpatient department (OPD) complaining of productive cough. We selected 90 patients and divided in to three groups 30 patient in each group. Group I we gave antibiotics, antihistaminic with syrup ascoril (ambroxol 30 mg/5 ml and levosalbutamol 1 mg/5 ml and guaifenesin 50 mg/5 ml). Group II antibiotics, antihistaminic with honey and ginger mixture. In group III we gave antibiotic with antihistaminic along with both honey and ginger mixture with syrup ascoril. After this complete follow up to 10 days on mobile performed. We observed for occurrence of any deterioration of condition with occurrence adverse effect and how many days were required for improvement of patient condition.Results: We got very promising results were we saw improvement in symptom in 6 day with honey and ginger group as compared to cough syrup group were p value is significant and highly significant (&lt;0.005 and 0.001 respectively) with minimal acceptable adverse effect.Conclusions: So from our study we can conclude the honey and ginger mixture is promising treatment of productive cough with less side effects.

Effectiveness and safety of Danmu extract syrup for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children: A real-world, prospective cohort study.

AimTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Danmu Extract Syrup for the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) in children.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we enrolled children with AURI in the pediatric outpatient department and emergency department of West China Second Hospital. According to the treatment, they were divided into two groups: Danmu Extract Syrup Group (Danmu Group) and Xiaoer Chiqiao Granule Group (Chiqiao Group). The primary outcome was time to symptom remission, and the secondary outcomes were defervescence time, relief time, admission rate, and adherence. We used restricted mean survival time (RMST) to quantify the treatment effects and test noninferiority for primary outcome. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust confounding. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to verify the robustness of results.ResultsWe enrolled 1036 children with AURI, including 516 in Danmu Group and 520 in Chiqiao Group. After PSM, no significant difference was observed in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. The primary results showed that the RMST difference was –3 h (95% CI: –15.1 to 9.1) and the upper limit of the 95% CI was less than the noninferiority margin of 11 h. There was no statistical difference in the secondary outcomes except for defervescence between the two groups. The results of safety analysis showed that the incidence of adverse events occurred is 4.1% in Danmu Group, which was lower than the incidence of Chiqiao Group (6.9%).ConclusionThis study indicated that Danmu extract syrup is noninferiority to Chiqiao Granule for AURI in children.

The effect of Anatolian syrup on experimentally induced acetaminophen and lipopolysaccharide associated acute kidney injury

Aim: Acute kidney injury develops as a result of various etiologies and pathological mechanisms, with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Anatolian syrup on histopathological variables in experimentally induced acetaminophen and lipopolysaccharide associated acute kidney injury.Methods: In this study, 5 groups were formed using 40 male Wistar albino rats (200-220g, 2-4 months old), as follows: Sham, acetaminophen (1 g/kg intraperitoneal (ip)), 3) lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg ip), acetaminophen (1 g/kg ip) + Anatolian syrup (15 days orally), and lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg ip) + Anatolian syrup (15 days orally).Tubular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization in tubular epithelial cells, tubular epithelial cell necrosis, interstitial inflammation, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular damage and loss of brushy border were evaluated histopathologically semiquantitatively using scoring from 0 to 5.Results: In histopathological variables, tubular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, necrosis, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular damage, and loss of brushy border were significantly reduced in the acetaminophen + Anatolian syrup group compared to the acetaminophen group and in the lipopolysaccharide + Anatolian syrup group compared to the lipopolysaccharide group (p

Assessment of the safety of dietary fish oil supplements in terms of content and quality.

The fatty acid composition of top-selling fish oil dietary supplements in the markets was compared with the content stated on product label, and their oxidative qualities and heavy metal contents were evaluated in this study. While all the capsule groups (C) confirmed the label information, it was observed that one-third of the syrup groups (S) had less than the specified content. Capsule groups generally had richer EPA and DHA contents than syrup groups in the samples examined. The peroxide values (PV) of all fish oil capsules and syrups were found in the range of 1.97-2.89mEq/kg and 2.22-18.30mEq/kg, respectively. As for free fatty acids (FFA) values, the C4, S6, S9, and S10 groups were above the 3% oleic acid limit recommended for high-quality oils. However, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) values were found below 1mg MA/kg in all groups. All fish oil supplements were within the limits specified in terms of As (0.50-4.19µg/g), Cd (0.14µg/g detected for one group, C5), Cu (not detected), Fe (0.32-15.7µg/g), and Hg (≤ 0.1µg/g). On the other hand, two fish oil supplements from the capsule group (0.17 for C6 and 1.01µg/g for C8) and one group from the syrup group (0.29µg/g for S10) exceeded the recommended limit in terms of Pb (0.1mg/kg). As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the chemical quality of fish oils in syrup form needs to be improved and their reliability in terms of fatty acid content should be increased. Considering the heavy metals, it seems significant to follow up the fish oil products more strictly.

Impact of drug formulation on outcomes of pharmaceutical poisoning in children aged 7 years or younger: A retrospective observational study in South Korea.

Pharmaceutical poisoning in children is almost unintentional and there are various types of drug out of curiosity. Understanding the attractive features and formulation of drugs related to poisoning in younger children may be helpful in treatment and prevention of poisoning. To investigate the impact of drug formulation on outcomes of pharmaceutical poisoning in young children.We retrospectively reviewed the data of pharmaceutical exposures among children who were registered in a Korean 23-center, emergency department (ED) based registry from 2011 to 2016. Our study was conducted on preschool children aged 0 to 7 years. According to the formulation and category of the ingested drugs, the exposures were divided into the “tablet and capsule (TAC)” and “syrup” groups. In the TAC group, we additionally recorded data on the shape, color, and size of the drugs. The ED outcomes, such as hospitalization and length of stay, were compared between the 2 groups.Among the 970 enrolled exposures, 674 (69.5%) were classified into the TAC group. In this group, hormones/hormone antagonists (18.5%) were the most commonly ingested, followed by central nervous system drugs (17.1%). In the syrup group, antihistamines (28.4%) were the most commonly ingested, followed by respiratory drugs (24.3%). The TAC group showed a higher hospitalization and transfer rate to tertiary centers than the counterpart (TAC, 18.0% vs syrup, 11.5%, P = .03) without a significant difference in the length of stay (TAC, 173.5 minutes [interquartile range, 95.0–304.0] vs syrup, 152.5 [77.5–272.0]; P = .08). No in-hospital mortality occurred in the exposures. Round-shaped and chromatic TACs, accounting for 91.7% (618) and 56.1% (378), respectively, were more commonly ingested. The median size of the TACs was less than 1.0 cm.Young children who visited the ED ingested TACs more frequently than syrups, particularly small, round-shaped, or chromatic drugs, leading to a higher hospitalization rate. Our findings can contribute to prevention strategies and safety education on childhood drug poisoning.

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruit syrup for gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

This double-blind study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a syrup made from Myrtus communis L. fruit on children with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Children aged 1-7 years old, diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), were randomly allocated to either intervention group (omeprazole and "myrtle fruit syrup") or control group (omeprazole and placebo syrup). GERD symptom questionnaire for young children (GSQ-YC) was filled out for each patient at zeroth and eighth week, and also 4 weeks after cessation of intervention. No statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of GERD score was reported neither in 8th nor in 12th week assessments. During the 4 weeks of the drug-free period, patients in myrtle group did not experience a large shift in GERD score, while patients in placebo syrup group experienced an increase of as much as 19.4. However, this difference was not statistically significant, although it could be significant clinically. For achieving more conclusive results, more studies are needed. The symptom "refusal to eat" in the intervention group was less than in placebo group after 8 weeks (p=.018) and at the end of the study (p=.042). So myrtle fruit syrup may be considered for children with low appetite.

Supplementation with >Your< Iron Syrup Corrects Iron Status in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Iron Deficiency.

Simple SummaryIron deficiency remains a major global public health problem. When not properly addressed, it can deteriorate to anaemia. Iron deficiency with or without anaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as with perturbed cognitive, behavioural, and motor development. Orally supplemented iron usually represents a first-line intervention to combat iron deficiency, being readily available, convenient, and effective. However, some oral formulations are poorly absorbed and can exhibit prominent side effects such as intestinal inflammation, pain, and nausea. We here examined the effects of >Your< Iron Syrup, one of the novel liquid iron-containing food supplements based on the microencapsulation technology in a mouse model of diet-induced iron deficiency. Several biomarkers of iron status improved significantly upon oral supplementation with >Your< Iron Syrup with no associated inflammatory response. Our results indicate that >Your< Iron Syrup was efficient in correcting iron deficiency and was well tolerated in our mouse model.The objective of this study was to compare the effects of >Your< Iron Syrup, a novel oral liquid iron-containing food supplement, with the commonly prescribed iron sulphate (Fe-sulphate) in a mouse model of diet-induced iron deficiency. Standard inbred BALB/cOlaHsd mice were fed low-iron diet for 11 weeks to induce significant decrease in blood haemoglobin and haematocrit and were then supplemented by gavage with either >Your< Iron Syrup or Fe-sulphate for two weeks. In >Your< Iron Syrup group, several markers of iron deficiency, such as serum iron concentration, transferrin saturation and ferritin level were significantly improved in both female and male mice. Fe-sulphate induced similar responses, except that it did not significantly increase iron serum in females and serum ferritin in both sexes. Fe-sulphate significantly increased liver-iron content which >Your< Iron Syrup did not. Transcription of Hamp and selected inflammatory genes in the liver was comparable between the two supplementation groups and with the Control diet group. Some sex-specific effects were noted, which were more pronounced and less variable in males. In conclusion, >Your< Iron Syrup was efficient, comparable and in some parameters superior to Fe-sulphate in improving iron-related parameters without inducing a response of selected liver inflammation markers in a mouse model of diet-induced iron deficiency.

Randomised comparative trial of the efficacy of paracetamol syrup and dispersible tablets for the treatment of fever in children.

ObjectiveFever is the most common reason for the presentation of children in the outpatient department. Paracetamol is marketed in different formulations for ease of administration to the paediatric population. These include syrups, dispersible tablets and rectal inserts. Dispersible tablets disintegrate rapidly in liquid and are subsequently taken orally, providing another oral formulation. We determined if there is a difference in the antipyretic efficacy of the syrup and the dispersible formulation of paracetamol, thereby prompting the development of the latter (another oral formulation) for use in children.MethodsA randomised, controlled, double-blind intervention of a single dose of both formulations was given to febrile children, and their temperatures were documented twice in 30-minute intervals. Temperature changes were compared statistically.ResultsThe mean temperatures at recruitment were 38.2 ± 0.5°C and 38.3 ± 0.6°C for the dispersible and syrup group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the temperature changes at T2 (30 minutes) and T3 (60 minutes) between the two study arms. However, the temperature was significantly different at T1 (baseline), T2 and T3 within the dispersible and syrup groups.ConclusionThe decreasing trend in temperature was similar in both groups. Both preparations produced statistically similar antipyretic effects with no reported adverse drug reaction.

Local and Systemic Effects of Cyclosporine A on the Severity of Gingival Overgrowth in Post-Transplant Renal Patients.

Background:Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant widely used to prevent renal post transplantation rejection. Gingival overgrowth (GO) is among various side effects of the long-term administration of CsA. Up to 90% of the patients under CsA therapy has been reported to develop CsA-induced GO.Objectives:The aim of the present prospective pilot study is to determine the local and systemic effects of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on the severity of gingival overgrowth and its relationship with periodontal parameters in post-transplant renal patientsMethods:Twenty post-transplant renal patients, 12 females and 8 males, presenting gingival overgrowth were selected from Rizk Hospital’s clinic in Beirut. Patient’s CsA plaque levels were evaluated when CsA is administered by syrup and capsules mode. Periodontal parameters including gingival overgrowth, papillary bleeding, plaque and gingival indices were assessed for all patients.Results:Plaque concentration CsA levels, when administered in syrup mode, affected significantly the severity of gingival overgrowth as opposed to the administration by capsule mode. Significant correlations between severity of gingival overgrowth on one hand and plaque index, gingival index, and papillary bleeding index on the other hand were only observed in the Capsule group but not in the syrup group. A significant relationship was established between the severity of gingival overgrowth and all periodontal parameters (gingival, papillary and plaque).Conclusion:The present study underlines CsA dental plaque local effect, as a co-factor, in the development of gingival overgrowth. Cyclosporine plaque accumulation acts as a reservoir in the gingival inflammation and the periodontal indices seem to be the most accurate parameters associated with gingival overgrowth severity. Plaque CsA concentrations could be considered as a risk factor for inflammation and gingival overgrowth depending on CsA delivery mode in renal transplant patients.

Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) extract can alleviate allergic rhinitis: a randomized clinical trial.

IntroductionAtopic diseases are global concerns in the today’s industrialized world. Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic condition affecting 20% of individuals. This disorder is associated with remarkable morbidity and rising healthcare expenditure.AimConsidering the anti-inflammatory properties of a plant Zataria multiflora (ZM) with the common name of Shirazi thyme, a randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the alleviation of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.Material and methodsA total of 30 allergic rhinitis patients were randomly and equally assigned to experimental and control groups. Afterwards, the case group was treated with an extract of ZM and the control group with placebo for 2 months. Finally, the clinical signs and symptoms before and after the treatment according to the SNOT22 questionnaire were analysed.ResultsComparing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and an average score of SNOT22 questionnaire between the two groups before the intervention provided some difference, which was significantly greater after the treatment. Based on this questionnaire, our patients in the ZM syrup group had lower grades than before the treatment and experienced amelioration.ConclusionsRegarding the significant effect of the ZM syrup in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis, its use is highly recommended. Since allergic rhinitis is a multifactorial condition, the use of herbal antioxidants along with conventional treatment would result in a more effective improvement of the disease.