Siphon Research Articles

AUTOMATED SOLAR IRRIGATION SYSTEM

- Automated Solar Irrigation System is planned and manufactured. This framework traps free vitality from the sun and stores it in the battery and afterward changes over this sustainable power source to the rotating current. It makes vitality usable in farming field to siphon the water through siphon. The Solar Irrigation System vitality water system framework can be feasible option for ranchers in the ebb and flow condition of the vitality emergency in India. So the Automated Solar water system framework is utilized in horticulture field, sunlight based vitality is utilized to produce power, contingent on the dirt sort water is given to the plants. These days, for water system various methods are utilized to build the yield of harvests. In our task, pivoting sun based board is utilized to watch the sun powered vitality to create the power, and furthermore temperature and mugginess sensors are set close to the plants and this sensor data are transmitted to LED. This information is shown on the LED Display. This framework is intended to detect the earth of the field to water the harvests. Any mistakes at programming and equipment will be controlled and dispensed with. Our framework is tried for its constant responsiveness, dependability, security and solidness, our framework is intended to be impervious to climate, temperature and some minor mechanical anxieties.

Factors influencing blood flow resistance from a large internal carotid artery aneurysm revealed by a computational fluid dynamics model.

ABSTRACTHyperperfusion syndrome occurs after treatment of a large or giant cerebral aneurysm. Recently, flow-diverter stent placement has emerged as an effective treatment method for a large cerebral aneurysm, but postoperative ipsilateral delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage occurs in a minority of cases. The mechanism underlying delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage is not established, but one possibility is hyperperfusion syndrome. The incidence of delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage appears to be higher for giant aneurysms; hence, we speculated that large/giant aneurysms may create flow resistance, and mitigation by flow-diverter stent deployment leads to hyperperfusion syndrome and delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to identify aneurysm characteristics promoting flow resistance by the analysis of pressure loss in an internal carotid artery paraclinoid aneurysm model using computational fluid dynamics. A virtual U-shaped model of the internal carotid artery siphon portion was created with a spherical aneurysm of various angles, body diameters, and neck diameters. Visualization of streamlines, were calculated of pressure loss between proximal and distal sides of the aneurysm, and vorticity within the aneurysm were calculated. The pressure loss and vorticity demonstrated similar changes according to angle, peaking at 60°. In contrast, aneurysm diameter had little influence on pressure loss. Larger neck width, however, increases pressure loss. Our model predicts that aneurysm location and neck diameter can increase the flow resistance from a large internal carotid artery aneurysm. Patients with large aneurysm angles and neck diameters may be at increased risk of hyperperfusion syndrome and ensuing delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage following flow-diverter stent treatment.

Establishment of siphon carotid artery aneurysm model

Objective We created a siphon carotid artery aneurysm model in dogs and compared its geometric similarity with human models. Methods Four siphon carotid artery shaped devices were constructed using rapid prototyping. Four aneurysms were created via surgical reconstruction and elastase incubation. According to the results of angiography, the geometrics of the aneurysm and the parent artery were compared. Results Four siphon carotid artery aneurysms were successfully created, with their geometric measurement similar to the human models. Image fusion and angle measurement revealed good geometric simulation of patent arteries between the dog and human models. Conclusion The siphon carotid artery aneurysm model in dogs is feasible and exhibited considerable geometric similarities with the original human models. Key words: Cerebral aneurysm; Internal carotid artery; Canine; Model, animal

Heat Pipe Solar Water Heater System Based on Heat Pipe Technology

Although traditional solar water heaters bring great convenience to people’s life, there are still shortcomings such as slow start-up speed and poor thermal conductivity. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of solar water heaters, this paper designs a heat pipe solar water heater system based on heat pipe technology, and uses experiments to analyze the heat transfer performance of glass-water/ZGM thermosiphon at room temperature. According to the experiment results, this paper fabricates a copper-water/ZGM thermosiphon, and based on this, it designs a siphon heat pipe vacuum solar water heater. The research results show that the optimal liquid filling rate of the glass-copper thermosiphon is about 14%. Compared with water, for thermosiphon with ZGM as the working medium, the temperature of each point is about 2°C higher. The glass-water/ZGM thermosiphon has good isothermality and thermal conductivity, and the start-up temperature is low, about 14°C. The research results of this paper have important guiding significance for the improvement and optimization of solar water heater systems.

The Small-Scale-Hydropower Experiment in an N.I.T. Campus by a Siphon Raceway

The Small-Scale-Hydropower Experiment in an N.I.T. Campus by a Siphon Raceway

Experimental investigation on small scale siphon breaker

Experimental investigation on small scale siphon breaker

Microbial competition in environmental nosocomial reservoirs and diffusion capacity of OXA48-Klebsiella pneumoniae: potential impact on patients and possible control methods.

We have found clusters of Klebsiella pneumoniae with OXA48-carbepenemase cases in some hospital rooms, and decided to investigate whether bathroom siphons could be a reservoir for OXA48 bacteria, as occurs with K. oxytoca with other types of carbepenemases. We evaluated the microbial competition between strains with OXA48 and VIM carbepenemases, in diluted nutrient-broth, on a slime germ-carrier. We compared the number of colonies at 5 and 10 days on the contaminated carriers with one or two strains. We evaluated the dissemination of K. pneumoniae with carbepenemase OXA48 or VIM from thumbs and index fingers of volunteers, to standard surfaces (20 glass germ-carrier by each volunteer). After, we counted the number of microorganisms on each carrier. Microbiological weekly studies of faecal microbiota of all patients were obtained in Traumatology and Oncology. Moreover, we studied samples of the sink in their rooms. PCR and MLST sequence-type was determined in all K. pneumoniae diagnosed from patients and sinks. A large possibility of diffusion from contaminated hands, which continue to transmit high numbers of microorganisms after more than 10 successive surface contacts, was highlighted; OXA bacteria were more persistent than VIM bacteria. Microbial competition studies showed that VIM bacteria are inhibited by OXA ones. These observations can explain the concentration of cases of K. pneumoniae OXA48 in some rooms in Traumatology and Oncology, producing a significant OR between rooms with OXA48-bacteria-contaminated siphons and other rooms (3.1 and 3.3 respectively). Risk was lowered after changing or disinfecting (heat plus chlorinated disinfectant) the contaminated siphons. Siphon colonization by VIM bacteria was not related with human infections by similar microorganisms. Bathroom siphons can be a reservoir for K. pneumoniae OXA48 and lead to outbreaks. Outbreaks can be controlled by replacement or heat plus chemical treatment of the sink-siphons.

Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by Compression of a Tortuous Internal Carotid Artery and Associated Congenital Agenesis of the Contralateral Internal Carotid Artery in a 4-Year-Old Boy

We report a 4-year-old patient with trigeminal neuralgia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) studies demonstrated congenital absence of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) with compensatory dilatation and tortuosity of the left carotid siphon, presumably compressing the maxillary branch of the left trigeminal nerve, resulting in trigeminal neuralgia.

Sewer and Siphon: a Tale of a River Crossing

Sewer and Siphon: a Tale of a River Crossing

GS47 サイフォンの原理説明の多様性に関する考察

GS47 サイフォンの原理説明の多様性に関する考察

Emergency embolization in the treatment of intractable epistaxis resulted from carotid arterial disease

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of internal carotid artery occlusion in treatment of intractable epistaxis caused by carotid artery siphon traumatic lesions.Methods A total of 37 patients with intractable epistaxis caused by traumatic carotid artery siphon pseudoaneurysm or carotid cavernous fistula were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent embolization from October 1998 to June 2010,including 34 men and 3 women with the age ranged from 25 to 65 years and a average of 40 years.Only lesions were occlued in 12 cases without involving the internal carotid artery,while occlusions of internal carotid artery were performed in the rest 25 cases.Results Thirty-six patients were cured without recurrent hemorrhage after embolization.Only 1 patient with carotid artery occlusion died 48 hours after operation.Conclusion For patients with carotid arterial intractable epistaxis,if the elimanation of the lesions is not applicable and the collateral circulation of Willis ring has a good compensation,the use of detachable balloon or coil occlusion of ipsilateral internal carotid artery is a quick and easy method to save patients' lives. Key words: Epistaxis; Aneurysm,false; Carotid-cavernous fistula; Embolization,therapeutic

The explicit siphon

Several recent misunderstandings about how a siphon operates are discussed.

Sensitivity analysis of temperature control for concrete structure of inverted siphon underground culvert

Sensitivity analysis of temperature control for concrete structure of inverted siphon underground culvert

Techniques in angioplasty with stent for stenosis of middle cerebral artery with extremely tortuous access

Objective To explore the techniques with angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) with extremely tortuous access. Method Angioplasty and stenting was performed in 18 patients with symptomatic stenosis of MCA( >50% ). The guidingwire and stenting -system could not be dilivered to the stenotic lesions via standard technique of single wire in 5 patients for extremely tortuous cartoid siphon. So we chose the technique of double wires. Results Angioplasty and stenting was performed successfully in patients by double - wire technique when the standard single - wire techniques failed. Conclusions Double - wire technique used in intracranial stenosis with extremely tortuous access could obviously raise the rate of successful angioplasty and stenting. Key words: Middle cerebral artery; Stents; Extremely tortuous access; Single - wire technique; Double - wire technique

A new experimental carotid siphon aneurysm model in canine based on the MR angiography and rapid prototyping technology

Objective The aim of the experiment is to make an intracranial aneurysm model in canine.Methods A digital tube was made based on raw magnetic resonance images of the human intracraaial carotid artery.Then 6 tubes were made in the 3 D rapid prototyping machine and coated with silicone.Finally we isolated the common carotid arteries of 6 canines and made them go through the tubes and anastomosed them end-to-side to get the aneurysm model.Six stents were implanted after one week.Results Six aneurysm models were successfully made in canines.The parent artery had similar geometrv of the human carotid siphon.All the aneurysms and parent arteries were patent in one week's follow-up.One canine died of excessive anesthesia after stentingr Two vaseular models kept patent in one month without stenosis.The other 3 had some stenosis on the bends of the vessel.Conclusions The aneurysm model in tIle experiment has high flexibility and reliability.The model provides an effective tool for research and testing neurovascular devices.It's also a useful device to train the neuroradiologists and interventional physicians. Key words: Magnetic resonance angiography; Carotid artery,internal; Intracranial aneurysm

A Deadlock Prevention Policy for a Class of Petri Nets S^3PMR

This paper focuses on the problem of deadlocks in automated flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) where deadlocks are caused by unmarked siphons in their Petri net models. A deadlock prevention policy is proposed for a subclass of Petri nets, S^3PMR that can well model a large class of FMS. We distinguish siphons in such a net model by elementary and dependent ones. For each elementary siphon, a monitor is added to the plant model such that it is invariant-controlled. The monitor addition way guarantees that no emptiable control-induced siphon is generated due to the presence of monitors in the resultant net. This novel deadlock prevention policy can usually lead to a more permissive supervisor by adding a small number of monitors and arcs than the existing methods for the design of liveness-enforcing Petri net supervisors. Experimental study indicates that the proposed policy appears to be more permissive than closely related approaches in the literature.

City of Los Angeles Pushing the Limits of CIPP Rehabilitation/Rehabilitating 1980 mm (78-Inch) Triple Siphon Barrels

City of Los Angeles Pushing the Limits of CIPP Rehabilitation/Rehabilitating 1980 mm (78-Inch) Triple Siphon Barrels

The Types of Platygaster Species Described by A. Förster (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

Nine species of the genus Platygaster Latreille described by A. Förster are redescribed and revised. The following new synonymies are proposed: Platygaster hirticornis Förster, 1861 and P. lissonotus Förster, 1861 = P. splendidulus Ruthe, 1859; P. siphon Förster, 1840 = P. tisias Walker, 1835. Platygaster henkvlugi sp. n. is described from material which was earlier erroneously identified as the type of P. corvina Förster, 1861 which remains unknown.

A Graphic-Algebraic Computation of Elementary Siphons of BS3PR

Unlike other techniques, Li et al. add control nodes and arcs for only elementary siphons, thus reducing the number of control nodes and arcs required for deadlock control in Petri net supervisors. Their method suffers from the expensive computation of all SMS (Strict Minimal Siphons). We propose a graphic-algebra approach to compute elementary siphons without the knowledge of SMS. We show that each SMS corresponds to a strongly connected resource subnet (sub-SCC) whose characteristic T-vector ζ can be computed as a linear sum of that of all resource places in the subnet. An SMS includes all resource places in the subnet plus all input operation places of transitions with positive components in ζ. We propose Algorithm 2 to find all sub-SCC. We prove that any sub-SCC N', containing an elementary resource circuit c as a proper subset and N' = N” ∪ c, N” ∩ c = {r}, corresponds to a dependent siphon. Hence, elementary siphons are closely related to (and can be constructed from) elementary (called basic) circuits and in general, combinations of elementary circuits may contribute to elementary siphons. For a simple basic subclass of S3PR (called BS^3PR), the set of elementary siphons is identical to that synthesized from elementary (basic) circuits. As a result, we simplify Algorithm 2 to find all elementary circuits. It is more efficient than traditional algorithms by terminating earlier upon detecting that the net is not a BS^3PR.

Interventional therapy of traumatic pseudoaneurysms in internal carotid artery siphon

目的 探讨颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)虹吸段假性动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的方法和疗效.方法 12例外伤性ICA虹吸段假性动脉瘤,经DSA确诊后即行Willis环侧支循环功能试验,根据Willis环前、后侧支循环代偿情况采用不同的治疗方法.10例行ICA完全闭塞,1例应用电解可脱弹簧圈(GDC)填塞动脉瘤,1例未行治疗.结果 12例动脉瘤中,9例行ICA闭塞后痊愈.3例脑Willis环循环功能不良,其中1例采用GDC行动脉瘤填塞治愈;1例Willis环前、后侧支循环代偿功能不良,行患侧ICA球囊闭塞(balloon test occlusion,BTO)试验30 min,患者意识、肢体活动正常,用可脱性球囊闭塞ICA,48 h后死亡;1例未行栓塞,行改善侧支循环功能训练期间鼻出血死亡.结论 ICA虹吸段假性动脉瘤经脑Willis环BTO试验筛选后可行ICA闭塞治疗。