Synthesize Hybrid Nanocomposites Research Articles

Chitosan-Integrated Curcumin-Graphene Oxide/Copper Oxide Hybrid Nanocomposites for Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Applications.

This study deals with the facile synthesis of a single-pot chemical technique for chitosan-curcumin (CUR)-based hybrid nanocomposites with nanostructured graphene oxide (GO) and copper oxide (CuO) as the antibacterial and cytotoxic drugs. The physicochemical properties of synthesized hybrid nanocomposites such as CS-GO, CS-CuO, CS-CUR-GO, and CS-CUR-GO/CuO were confirmed with various advanced tools. Moreover, the in vitro drug release profile of the CS-CUR-GO/CuO nanocomposite exhibited sustained and controlled release during different time intervals. Also, the antibacterial activity of the CS-CUR-GO/CuO hybrid nanocomposite presented the maximum bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens. The hybrid nanocomposites revealed improved cytotoxicity behaviour against cultured mouse fibroblast cells (L929) via cell adhesion, DNA damage, and proliferation. Thus, the chitosan-based hybrid nanocomposites offer rich surface area, biocompatibility, high oxidative stress, and bacterial cell disruption functionalities as a potential candidate for antibacterial and cytotoxicity applications.

Proton-irradiation on graphene-SnO2 hybrid nanocomposites to boost NO2 gas sensing properties

Promising role of high-energy proton-irradiation (2 MeV) on graphene-SnO2 hybrid nanocomposites for NO2 sensing were demonstrated. We synthesized hybrid nanocomposites by using SnO2 nanoparticles and graphene flakes, being obtained from expandable graphite. NO2 gas sensing evaluations, with doses of 1 × 1012, 1 × 1013, and 1 × 1014 ions/cm2, displayed that the sensing device irradiated with a dose of 1 × 1013 ions/cm2 exhibited the highest performance at 200 °C. Generation of structural defects and graphene-SnO2 heterojunctions were accounted for sensing enhancement. Calculations in regard to density functional theory revealed that the presence of defects enhanced the NO2 sensing of the optimized sensor. Besides considering defects in the graphene, we calculated the generation of SnO2-related defects, indirectly affecting the sensing characteristics.

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid Polyaniline/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites: Electrochemical synthesis, characterization, and analysis

This study presents a focused investigation and comprehensive analysis of the synthesis of hybrid Polyaniline/Cobalt ferrite (PANI/CoFe2O4) nanocomposites using an optimized electrochemical polymerization method. CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated into the PANI matrix at varying concentrations (3, 6, and 12 wt%). The research examined the newly synthesized hybrid nanocomposites in terms of their structure, dielectric properties, and both linear and nonlinear optical properties. As a result of the Williamson-Hall method, the average crystallite size varied between 45 and 99 nm. Initially, adding a small quantity of NPs decreased the nanocomposite size, but further additions increased it due to aggregation. The Tauc plot showed a gradual increase in the energy band gap of the films as the concentration of CoFe2O4 NPs increased up to 12 wt%. This trend showed stronger absorption bands and higher coefficients, indicating improved light absorption compared to pure PANI films. Dielectric properties, including dielectric constants (ɛr, ɛi) and dielectric loss (tan δ), were examined as a function of frequency. The experimental results indicated that PANI/CoFe2O4 exhibited lower dielectric constants than bare PANI. Concentration-dependent optical properties, such as electronic transition excitation energies, dispersion energies, and optical conductivity, were also investigated. These properties were modeled using a single oscillator based on the Wemple-DiDomenico (WDD) approach. The study revealed a reduction in key optical parameters—linear susceptibility, nonlinear third-order susceptibility, and nonlinear refractive index—as nanoparticle content increased. Conversely, increasing concentrations of CoFe2O4 NPs led to a significant increase in the ratio of free carriers to effective mass (N/m٭), from 3.89 × 10³⁶ to 4.04 × 10³⁶ m⁻³ kg⁻1. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of both PANI and PANI/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites exhibited temperature-dependent improvement, reaching maximum values. The observed findings indicate that hybrid PANI-CoFe2O4 nanocomposites possess enhanced properties, highlighting their promising potential as active materials for a broad range of optoelectronic applications.

Exploring Zinc Vanadate/Cobalt Oxide (Zn3(VO4)2/CoO) Nano Hybrid Composites as Supercapacitors for Sustainable Energy Storage Applications

A hybrid nanocomposite of zinc vanadate/cobalt oxide (Zn3(VO4)2/CoO at ratios of 90/10, 80/20, 50/50, and 20/80) was obtained using a simple co-precipitation technique, then calcinated for 4 hrs at 400°C. The surface morphological, vibrational, and structural characteristics of the synthesized hybrid nanocomposites were examined. According to the structural study, orthorhombic Zn3(VO4)2 and cubic crystal systems of CoO with space groups Fm-3m were formed. The functional groups of Zinc Vanadate/Cobalt Oxide were examined using FTIR spectroscopy. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study reveals the nanosheets structures with the size of 200 nm. The chemical composition and formation of the Zn3(VO4)2/CoO composites were confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance of the hybrid nanocomposites was assessed through CV, GCD and impedance analysis. Among the nanocomposites, Zn3(VO4)2/CoO 80/20 exhibited a high specific capacitance value of 564.36 Fg-1 and retaining 97% of their total capacitance even after 3000 cycles.

Rational design of CdS-enwrapped polypyrrole nanoparticles for wastewater treatment: removal of hazardous pollutants in aqueous solutions.

The modern world requires a chemical industry that can run at low production costs while producing high-quality products with minimal environmental impact. The development of environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient wastewater treatment materials remains a majorproblem for the sustainable approach. We prepared nanoscale cadmium sulfide (CdS)-enwrapped polypyrrole (PPy) polymer composites for degradation of organic pollutants. The prepared CdS@PPy nanocomposites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible(UV) absorption spectroscopy, indicating proper intercalation between CdS and PPy. Consequently, the catalytic efficiency of the synthesized hybrid nanocomposites was analyzed through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (Rh B) under visible light irradiation. The measured degradation efficiency of the dye solutions under the photolysis process is about 18% and 23% for MB and Rh B dye, respectively. Furthermore, the recycle test result concludes that the CdS@PPy composite exhibits 91% and 89% of MB and Rh B dye degradation efficiency even at the 4th cycle, respectively. The positive synergistic impact of CdS and PPymay be the result of effective photocatalytic degradation of MB and RhB.

Modelling and optimization of Victoria blue uptake using response surface methodology (RSM) with novel magnetic folic acid-mannitol/mosquito coil ash nanocomposite

Recently, natural, and environmentally safe polymer-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites have been increasingly noticed as cost-effective adsorbents for pollutant removal. In this context, a novel hybrid nanocomposite was prepared from a FAM copolymer synthesized by thermal poly-esterification and FAM-MCA/Fe3O4 obtained by the simple in-situ co-precipitation method. Following its structure elucidation using XRD, the nanomaterials were further characterized by FTIR and their surface analysis by using SEM-EDX, TEM and BET methods. The physicochemical characterization of the nanohybrid was accomplished and its performance and effectiveness in removing VB dye from simulated effluents was evaluated. The reaction surface method was used to optimize the operating conditions in terms of contact time (59.9 min), initial concentration VB (60 mg/L), dose of nanocomposite (0.15 g/L), and initial solution pH (6.0). The equilibrium results modelled with nonlinear isothermal and kinetic models complied well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics with both intraparticle and film diffusion driving the adsorption process. The enhanced adsorption performance of the NC was demonstrated by the significantly higher Langmuir saturation capacity (FAM-MCA/Fe3O4: 279; Fe3O4: 244 mg VB /g) at 303 K compared to other previously reported adsorbents and the strong recyclability while maintaining the adsorption effectiveness of 61.46 % up to five consecutive cycles. Using the deduced thermodynamic parameters, an exothermic, spontaneous, and practicable VB elimination process was established. The adsorption process was principally controlled by electrostatic contact, Yoshida H-bonds, dipole-dipole, n-π stacking, cation-π and, π-π interactions. A complete cost study was performed to assess the economic viability of the adsorbents. FAM-MCA/Fe3O4 was discovered to be the most affordable (551 INR/kg) approach for VB removal. The investigative findings unveiled that the as synthesized hybrid nanocomposite was a potent adsorbent for effective and efficient liquid-phase amputation of VB.

Novel Surface-Enriched Spiky Ball With Spines NiCo2S4@GO/CNT Electrode Material for a High-Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor

Nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) nanoparticles on graphene oxide GO sheets and carbon nanotube (CNT) were fabricated successfully via a simple solvothermal route. Most NiCo2S4 nanoparticles cover both sides of the GO sheets, and the carbon nanotubes are arranged at the edge of the composite, creating a Spiky ball structure that effectively prevents the accumulation of GO. Synthesized hybrid nanocomposite (NiCo2S4/GO/CNT) has an optimum specific surface area and pore nature, and the coupling between CNT and GO enhances the electrochemical properties of NiCo2S4. The structural, morphological, and spectral characteristics were analysed using diffraction, microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques. To determine the electrochemical activity, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed in a 3 M KOH electrolyte solution, the prepared sample was evaluated as an active electrode material for the supercapacitor. It delivers a very high specific capacitance of 845 Fg−1 at a current density of 2 Ag −1 as compared with NiCo2S4 (423 Fg−1). Coin cell was fabricated and tested using NiCo2S4/GO/CNT as cathode and graphite as an anode. The device exhibited an excellent energy density of 30.8 Wh kg−1, a power density of 3691 Wkg−1, and good cyclic stability with 82% retention after 1000 cycles.

Advanced High-Energy All-Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitor with Nickel-Cobalt-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoflowers Supported on Jute Stick-Derived Activated Carbon Nanosheets.

Developing efficient, lightweight, and durable all-solid-state supercapacitors is crucial for future energy storage systems. The study focuses on optimizing electrode materials to achieve high capacitance and stability. This study introduces a novel two-step pyrolysis process to synthesize activated carbon nanosheets from jute sticks (JAC), resulting in an optimized JAC-2 material with a high yield (≈24%) and specific surface area (≈2600m2g-1). Furthermore, an innovative in situ synthesis approach is employed to synthesize hybrid nanocomposites (NiCoLDH-1@JAC-2) by integrating JAC nanosheets with nickel-cobalt-layered double hydroxide nanoflowers (NiCoLDH). These nanocomposites serve as positive electrode materials and JAC-2 as the negative electrode material in all-solid-state asymmetric hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), exhibiting remarkable performance metrics. The HSCs achieve a specific capacitance of 750Fg-1, a specific capacity of 209mAhg-1 (at 0.5Ag-1), and an energy density of 100Whkg-1 (at 250Wkg-1) using PVA/KOH solid electrolyte, while maintaining outstanding cyclic stability. Importantly, a density functional theory framework is utilized to validate the experimental findings, underscoring the potential of this novel approach for enhancing HSC performance and enabling the large-scale production of transition metal-based layered double hydroxides.

Visible light-driven ZnO nanoparticles/carbon nanodots hybrid for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity

A Hybrid composite of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and carbon nanodots (CNDs) was synthesized by the sol–gel method. CNDs were obtained from olive solid wastes by pyrolysis and chemical oxidation methods. The combination of CNDs and ZnO materials led to the formation of a hybrid nanocomposite, where CNDs adsorbed on the surface of ZnO particles leading to an increase of its ζ- potential to be −28 mV; this refers to the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups attached on CNDs, which localized on the surface of ZnO after the hybridization, as well their sizes have been enlarged from 23.5 to 105 nm which is an indication of the successful hybridization of those moieties. Additionally, the CNDs enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity of ZnO, showing a decrease in the energy band gap from 3.1 to 2.8 eV, where CNDs play as an intermediate energy level above the valence band of ZnO. Antimicrobial activity tests were also performed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and fungal strains under dark and sunlight modes. The hybrid exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity within minimal inhibitory concentrations (7.8–62.5) µg/L, and the inhibition growth percentage was 99.9%, an inhibition zone ranged from (19 to 38) mm, and the kill time kinetic was one to two hours. The antimicrobial activity mechanism was also studied by the glutathione oxidation test showing that the broad-spectrum antimicrobial is directly related to its ROS-forming ability with a percent glutathione deficiency oxidation percentage of (88.2%) for dark mode and (95%) for sunlight mode. The findings of this study demonstrate the ability of synthesized hybrid nanocomposite as an antimicrobial active material for broad-spectrum microbial strains and other environmental solutions.

Concurrent fabrication of ZnO–ZnFe2O4 hybrid nanocomposite for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and its bacterial inactivation

In this research, we looked at how heterostructure fabrication, phase ratio, and crystalline nature affect the photocatalytic activity of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye when exposed to sunlight irradiation. Magnetic ZnO/ZnFe2O4 hybrid nanocomposites were made using a co-precipitation technique. The synthesized hybrid nanocomposite were analyzed using a variety of characterization techniques to understand more about their chemical, crystallinity, and photoactive characteristics. Using UV–Visible spectra, the absorption and photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalysts were investigated. By using XPS and FTIR measurements, the surface composition and functionalization of the produced nanocomposite were observed. The synthesized ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites exhibit irregular morphologies, and the average crystallite size is about 30 nm, by the findings of the transmission electron microscope. When exposed to solar light for 90 min, the prepared photocatalysts exceed ZnO nanoparticles in terms of photocatalytic performance by more than 45%. Pseudo-first-order kinetics governs the adsorption of RhB onto nanocomposite surfaces. Finally, the ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites were employed for antibacterial treatments against the waterborne pathogens Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The outcomes demonstrated that the optimal disinfection efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus germs were 98.6 and 97.4%, respectively, associated with superior cycling durability. Therefore, this work offers a simple and rapid approach to the development of hybrid nanocomposites that could be used to create various photocatalytic and optical materials.

Study on fabrication and mechanical characterization of aluminium hybrid nanocomposites

This work focussed on fabrication and mechanical characterization of AA8011 alloy based hybrid nanocomposites prepared via stir casting route. The effect of relative fractions of Al2O3 and B4C nanoparticles of average particles size of < 50 nm and < 60 nm respectively in three blends of the composites viz., AA8011 + 1.0 wt% Al2O3 + 2.0 wt% B4C (Hybrid-a), AA8011 + 1.5 wt% Al2O3 + 1.5 wt% B4C (Hybrid-b) and AA8011 + 2.0 wt% Al2O3 + 1.0 wt% B4C (Hybrid-c) on crystallite size, microstructure, microhardness, impact and tensile properties is investigated. The remarkable decrease in crystallite size observed in Hybrid-c in comparison to other two composite blends after XRD analysis. The significant improvement in hardness and tensile strength exhibited by the hybrid nanocomposites over the AA8011 alloy matrix, maximum of these values were possessed by Hybrid-c in this study. After the notch impact tests by Charpy and Izod, the Hybrid-c with AA8011 + 2.0 wt% Al2O3 + 1.0 wt% B4C blend exhibited higher values but not shown much difference in comparison to Hybrid-b and Hybrid-a. From this work it come to know that the synthesized hybrid nanocomposites have shown excellent mechanical properties for the case of structural applications seeking high performance.

Synthesis of a new hybrid nanocomposite based on vanadium (V) substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalate and polyvinyl alcohol ((TBA)4PMo10V2@PVA) as a nanocatalyst for germination of barley seeds

To investigate a new nanocomposite based on vanadium(V) substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalate as a new nanocatalyst on barley seed germination, nanocomposite (TBA)4PMo10V2@PVA was prepared by reaction of H5PMo10V2O40, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at room temperature via sol-gel method. The synthesized hybrid nanocomposite was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, XRD, SEM and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The influence of the new organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite TBA-PMo10V2@PVA was investigated in germination of barley seeds. In order to compare, several types of polyoxometalates with different concentrations were used to study their effects on growth factors of barley seeds. The obtained results indicate that using ((TBA)4PMo10V2@PVA) with 10 and 100 µM concentrations achieved the most preferred results.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Nanocomposite containing Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with Copper and Phthalocyanine Pigment

Titanium dioxide-containing hybrid nanocomposites have been considered for their various applications in semiconductors, sensors, antibacterial and hygienic materials, photocatalysts, and solar cells. In this study, a new hybrid nanocomposite containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with copper metal and the organic pigment phthalocyanine was successfully synthesized and characterized. For this purpose, first titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with copper metal were prepared by the sol-gel method. Then a new hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized using modified nanoparticles by chemical precipitation method. Characterization of modified nanoparticles and synthesized hybrid nanocomposites has been done using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, EDX analysis, reflection spectroscopy, concurrent thermal analysis (TG, DTA) and Abbott electron microscopy. Our results confirm the formation of a hybrid nanocomposite containing modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the organic pigment phthalocyanine with pure anatase phase. TEM micrograph showed a particle size of hybrid nanocomposite of about 20 nm. The band gap of the resulting hybrid nanocomposite was 2.80 eV, which was significantly reduced compared to the pure titanium dioxide (3.17 eV). As a result, the synthesized hybrid nanocomposite is very suitable for photocatalytic, photovoltaic and super hydrophilic applications under sunlight due to its absorption edge in the visible region.

A facile and rapid removal of cationic dyes using hierarchically porous reduced graphene oxide decorated with manganese ferrite

Herein, MnFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (MrGO) were synthesized for the effective removal of various cationic dyes. The synthesized nanocomposites exhibited high adsorption capacity for removing cationic dyes as malachite green dye MG and methylene blue dye MB reaching 156, and 105 mg/g at 30 °C, respectively. The high surface area of the prepared adsorbent, 95 m2/g, electrostatic interaction, and π-π interaction facilitated dyes removal on MnFe2O4/rGO. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized hybrid nanocomposite were investigated using FESEM, XRD, VSM, HRTEM, and N2-adsorption/desorption isotherms. The influence of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, pH, rate of agitation, and change in temperature were investigated. Various adsorption isotherms equations were applied to give a clear concept on the mechanism of the dye removal process and the results indicated that dyes removal followed both Freundlich and Langmuir models. Kinetics results pointed out that the removal fitted well to pseudo-second-order. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the removal process was endothermic and spontaneous. The synthesized adsorbent showed high stability after reuse for five cycles.

Application of GO/COF as a novel, efficient and recoverable catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction

AbstractHybrid composite based on graphene oxide (GO) and covalent organic framework (COF) [GO/COF] was developed via a simple solvothermal method, at which GO was applied as a platform to load COF based on melamine and terephthaldehyde. The synthesized hybrid nanocomposite was characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, EDX and SEM techniques. Morphological analyses carried out by SEM confirm the successful growth of COF over GO. Then, the resultant composite was employed as an amazing and cost‐effective catalyst in the condensation of several aldehydes with malononitrile and produced the corresponding coupling products in high yields (up to 84%) at room temperature under solvent‐free conditions with an amount of catalyst, 15 mg in a very short reaction time of 10 min. The catalyst could be reused without a noteworthy drop in catalytic activity at least eight times. The use of GO/COF catalyst outcomes under mild reaction conditions in very short reaction time, exceptional catalytic activity, high recyclability and an easy work‐up process for the Knoevenagel condensation.

Remarkable Electrical Conductivity Enhancement Through Mutual Variation of MWCNTs/Tin Oxide Concentration: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Properties

Tin oxide/MWCNTs hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized via the malic acid-assisted modified sol–gel method. Effect of the concentration variation of both MWCNTs and tin oxide on the hybrid nanostructure, morphology, thermal and optical properties was studied using spectroscopic and analytical tools including: thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transition electron microscope (TEM), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric analyses of the hybrid nanocomposites showed a mode of stability up ≈ 375°C, after this temperature the sample is subjected to decomposition of the MWCNTs. XRD patterns of the pristine tin oxide sample showed the presence of characteristic peaks related to two crystalline phases of tin oxide (rutile SnO2 and orthorhombic SnO), while the hybrid CSn10 (synthesized via 10% weight substitution of MWCNTs by tin oxide) and SnC10 (synthesized via 10% weight substitution of tin oxide by MWCNTs) nanocomposites showed a clear decrease in the crystallinity as a proof for dispersing of tin oxide nanoparticles within the hollow cavity of MWCNTs, which was further confirmed by SEM and TEM images. Furthermore, a complete absence of the characteristic peak of orthorhombic SnO was observed in the CSn10 sample. Optical and electrical properties of the hybrid nanocomposites-chitosan thin films were investigated before and after exposing to UV radiation for 1 h. The UV–Vis spectra showed a blue shift upon introducing MWCNTs into the oxide matrix while prolonged exposure to UV-radiation markedly affected the absorption and the band gaps of all nanocomposites. Investigation of the electric properties interestingly showed remarkable electrical conductivity enhancements upon introducing either MWCNTs or tin oxide in the matrix of each other. Introducing 10% MWCNTs into the tin oxide structure (SnC10) was accompanied by 76-fold increase in the electric conductivity; while incorporating 10% of tin oxide (CSn10) was accompanied by 110-fold increase in the electric conductivity of MWCNTs at 100 Hz frequency. Furthermore, the effect of prolonged UV-radiation on the electric properties of the synthesized hybrid nanocomposites was also reported.

Carbon Nano‐Onion and Zinc Oxide Composites as an Electron Transport Layer in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

AbstractWe report a facile chemical method to synthesize hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) and zinc oxide or hydroxide. The structure, surface morphology, optical properties and surface area of the CNOs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and adsorption/desorption N2 techniques. For the first time, we demonstrate the fabrication of bulk heterojunction organic solar cell devices utilizing hybrid nanocomposites containing CNOs and ZnO as the electron transport layer. This configuration showed good photovoltaic performance with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.5 and 48.9% and power conversion efficiencies of 0.42 and 1.49% for the pristine ZnO and CNO/ZnO (mCNO : mZnO=1 : 4) layers, respectively.

Low-Density Polyethylene/Calcium Ferrite Nanocomposites Films Prepared for Structural, Morphological, Mechanical and DC Conductivity Characterization

Low density polyethylene (LDPE)/Calcium ferrites (Ca:Fe2O4) hybrid nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized by means of in-situ polymerization using Calcium nitrate as metal precursor, LDPE as polymerizing agent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a fuel. The prepared nano composites films were characterized by different characterization techniques such as Powder XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The electrical properties of Low density polyethylene (LDPE)/Calcium ferrites (Ca:Fe2O4) hybrid nanocomposites (NCs) are very unique in comparison to the pure phases, LDPE and Ca:Fe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs),which were ascribed to the interaction between the LDPE and Ca:Fe2O4 nano particles. DC conductivity is observed to be enhanced as the Ca:Fe2O4 NPs concentration increased from 10 to 50 wt% in the hybrid NCs at the different temperature. From the mechanical parameter such as Stress-Strain graphs shows the strength and stability and smoothness/hardness of the synthesized nano films. Beyond the 14 Mpa Stress all the samples showing the sudden breakage stage. From the obtained measurements and data, the synthesized hybrid nano composites may be used in electronic device applications such Parcel carriage Bags, designing of automobiles such as in aerospace parts due to its lights weight, as LED devices, solar cells and optical devices

Electrochemical Properties of Chemical Composition-Tuned SnPx/C Nanocomposite Anode in a Sodium-Ion Battery

Tin phosphides (SnPx) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to the high theoretical volumetric and gravimetric capacities. Nevertheless, SnPx has a low electrical conductivity and undergoes the severe pulverization resulted from a large volume change during sodiation/desodiation process, which leads to rapid decline in the performance. These problems can be solved by tuning nanostructure of the composite materials composed of SnPx and conductive carbon materials. On the other hand, SnPx has three different forms depending on phosphorus (P) content, Sn4P3, SnP, and SnP3, the higher the P content provide the higher theoretical capacity because the theoretical capacity of P is about three times higher than metallic tin. However, only a method using ball milling has been reported for the synthesis of SnPx having a high P content, and the nanostructure can’t be precisely controlled by this method [1]. Additionally, solvothermal method between metallic tin and red P allows to prepare thenanostructured SnPx/C composite, however, it gives only Sn4P3 phase which has the lowest P content [2]. In this work, to suggest the appropriate nanostructure and P content to obtain the high reversible capacity of SnPx as well as improved rate capability in SIBs, we synthesized hybrid nanocomposites composed of size-controlled SnPx (x = 3/4, 1, and 3) nanoparticles and low-dimensional carbon material by a facile direct reaction method between liquid phase tin and gas phase P. Through this method, we could control the Sn/P composition by regulating of cooling rate after reaction and P partial pressure in a reactor, which is confirmed by XRD analysis of Fig. 1(a). Using the three types of as-prepared SnPx/C composites with different P contents and nanostructures., we investigated their electrochemical properties for sodium ion battery anodes The obtained SnPx/C nanocomposite with x=3/4, 1, and 2 showed 500, 610, and 810 mAh g-1 of reversible capacities, respectively, as anode active materials of SIBs. Although SnPx with the higher the P content gave the enhanced reversible capacity, the poor rate capability and cycle durability were obtained presumably due to the increased internal resistance components and volume expansion ratio. For this reason, SnPx/C anode requires the empty space, where the volume expansion of sodiated SnPx can be accommodated without pulverization. Specifically, by preparing the Yolk-shell structured SnP/C (Y-SnP/C) composite (Fig. 1(b)), we achieved 3 times larger capacity retention at 3.2 A g-1 of current density as shown in Fig. 1(c).

Synthesis and characterization of microporous hybrid nanocomposite membrane as potential hydrogen storage medium towards fuel cell applications

Hydrogen is believed to be the clean energy source for the future, since water is the only by-product of hydrogen fuel cell. However, the great obstacle for the blooming of hydrogen economy is the development of safe, efficient, and economical onboard hydrogen storage medium. This paper describes the hydrogen storage performance of microporous polyetherimide/acid-treated halloysite nanotube/activated hexagonal boron nitride (PEI/A-HNT/Ah-BN) hybrid nanocomposite membranes. The microporous PEI/A-HNT/Ah-BN hybrid nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by a facile phase inversion technique. The synthesized hybrid nanocomposite membranes were characterized extensively by techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and CHNS elemental analysis. The microporous throughout the membrane matrix and the superior dispersion of A-HNT, Ah-BN nanomaterials on the surface of PEI were confirmed by SEM. The hydrogen storage properties were investigated by Sieverts-like hydrogenation setup. The outcomes indicated that the PEI/A-HNT/Ah-BN hybrid nanocomposite membrane exhibits best hydrogen storage capacity as 4.2 wt% compared with PEI/A-HNT (3.6 wt%), PEI/Ah-BN (2.4 wt%), and pristine PEI (0.8 wt%) membranes. Furthermore, the binding energy of stored hydrogen for PEI/A-HNT/Ah-BN hybrid nanocomposite is found to be 0.32 eV. In addition, the reusability of PEI/A-HNT/Ah-BN hybrid nanocomposite was studied and also exhibited good long-term stability (91.43%) even after 5th cycles. These results indicate that the proposed microporous PEI/A-HNT/Ah-BN hybrid nanocomposite membrane strategy provides a direction for new materials that meet the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) hydrogen storage targets 2020 for fuel call applications.