Synthesis Of Cadmium Sulfide Research Articles

Antiproliferative effects of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles obtained from walnut shells by green synthesis method on SH-SY5Y cell line

Nanoparticles are attracting attention for their potential therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer therapy, underscoring their importance in medicine. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, known for their robust catalytic and optical properties, are classified as chalcogenides and show promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Neuroblastoma, a common solid tumor in childhood, poses a significant health threat with different outcomes depending on its biological subtype. This study evaluated the antiproliferative effects of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on the SY-SH5Y cell line. Walnut shell extract and Na2S were used to facilitate the synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles by green synthesis. Characterization of the synthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analyses. The SH-SY5Y cell line was cultured in a standard cell culture medium and then exposed to different cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (10–25–50–75–100 µg/mL) for 24 hours. Cell viability, oxidant, and antioxidant levels were then assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimetiltiyazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür, total antioxidant, and total oxidant assays. The data showed that applying 100 μg/mL cadmium sulfide nanoparticles resulted in a significant decrease in cancer cell viability of up to 40.96 % (p<0.05). The cadmium sulfide nanoparticles had a dose-dependent effect on the SH-SY5Y cell line. Furthermore, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles increased oxidative activity in neuroblastoma cells, which was consistent with the results of the 3-(4,5-dimetiltiyazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür assay. In conclusion, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles exhibited potent activity against the neuroblastoma cell. This study highlights the antiproliferative efficacy of green-synthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles with walnut shell extract on relevant cancer cell lines.

Influence of laser energies on the optical, structural and electrical properties of CdS nanoparticles by laser ablation in distilled water

Various laser energies were used to synthesize cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle nanostructures in distilled water using pulsed laser ablation. The influence of laser energies on the structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties of CdS nanoparticles was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Hall measurement. The XRD data indicate that synthesized CdS nanoparticles are nanocrystalline and possess a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the lattice constants of CdS nanostructures were calculated to be (a = 4.105), (c = 6.662), and c/a=1.622. The direct optical energy gap of CdS was determined to be between 2.42 and 1.71 eV, depending on the laser energy. In CdS colloidal solution, EDS results demonstrate the presence of Cd and S components. In FT-IR spectra, the Cd–S stretching frequency is detected in the wave number region below 700 cm-1. Electrical analysis revealed that the synthesized CdS nanoparticles were n-type with mobility increasing with laser energy 530, 590 mJ and decreasing with laser energy 650 mJ. The I-V characteristics of (n-CdS NPs/p-Si) displays that the current increased exponentially with increasing voltage, whereas at reverse bias, the current increased slowly with increasing voltage

Synthesis and Characterization of CdS and Sr-Doped CdS Quantum Dots: Impedance Analysis for Nano-Tuned Electronic Applications

This study reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and strontium-doped CdS quantum dots (QDs) using a straightforward chemical precipitation method. N, N-Dimethylformamide served as the stabilizing agent, while specific metal precursors facilitated the formation of the nanostructures. The incorporation of strontium into the CdS matrix aimed to enhance the electronic properties of the quantum dots. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the successful doping of Sr into the CdS QDs. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the high-crystallinity of the synthesized quantum dots, with the mean crystal sizes determined to be 3.18 nm for pure CdS and 3.99 nm for Sr-doped CdS (2mM and 4mM concentrations). Impedance spectroscopy was utilized to study the frequency-dependent electrical properties of the QDs at room temperature, revealing significant variations in impedance with frequency. The results demonstrated that both pure and Sr-doped CdS QDs exhibit capacitive admittance, which is indicative of their potential application in nano-tuned electronic devices. The ability to fine-tune the resonant frequency by controlling the size and doping level of the quantum dots presents a significant advantage for their use in advanced electronic applications. The study highlights the promising application of CdS and Sr-doped CdS quantum dots in the development of high-performance, frequency-tunable nanoscale electronic devices.

Prolific application of green synthesised CdS nanoparticles for the sequestration of cationic dyes from aqueous solution

Synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles using watermelon rind aqueous extract was explored for its effectiveness in eliminating Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes from water. The synthesised CdS nanoparticles were characterised with XRD, TEM and EDX and found to be around 10 nm in size with spherical shape. A central composite design was developed to optimise independent variables such as pH, contact time and initial concentrations. The developed quadratic model was found to be significant with p-value &lt;0.0001 and lack of fit &gt;0.005 suggesting the reliability of the model. Isotherm modelling analysis revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherms provided better explanation for the equilibrium data. The loading capacities of the CdS nanoparticles were found be 227.3 and 185.1 mg g-1, respectively for MB and CV. The experimental data showed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that chemical reactions were the determining factor in controlling the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption and regeneration investigations demonstrated that CdS nanoparticles could be successfully regenerated up to 5 times and reused in the adsorption process. The results conclude that the CdS nanoparticles are capable of remediating water containing cationic dyes.&#x0D; KEY WORDS: Watermelon rind, CdS nanoparticles, Synthetic dyes, Adsorption, RSM&#x0D; Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 631-645. &#x0D; DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.7

Hydrothermally grown optically enhanced CdS-GO nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on graphene oxide have shown significant potential in various applications, including solar devices. In this paper, hydrothermally synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS)-embedded graphene oxide (GO–CdS) nanocomposites were reported. The resulting powder was black and was filtered and washed with distilled water. The samples were then characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, optical transmission and photoluminescence studies. The samples demonstrated a polycrystalline phase with a rutile structure and high luminescence peaks. As the amount of cadmium sulfide in the graphene oxide increased, the particle size of the nanocomposites also increased. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of GO–CdS nanocomposites. Furthermore, the samples exhibited excellent photoluminescence, which made these composites highly suitable for optoelectronic applications.

Maximum likelihood factor analysis for resolution of noisy smartphone based diffuse reflectance data from CdS pigments

This study aims to use multivariate chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), maximum likelihood common factor analysis (MLFA), and multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) to analyze a designed data set and obtain an estimation of measurement error structure in the absence of replicates. For this purpose, we developed a smartphone-based diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (smartDRS) with the advantage of being rapid, simple, and cost-effective in acquiring spectral information from the produced pigment samples based on a designed experiment. In our experimental design, the effects of different factors on the color of synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS) pigment are investigated. DR spectral data from synthesized CdS samples were rapidly and successfully measured using the homemade device. The contribution of three forms (two crystalline and one amorphous) of CdS with three different spectra in each of the 16 synthesized pigment samples was illustrated and confirmed by using MLFA-MCR-ALS. Based on RGB values obtained from spectral information, the concentration profile of the brightest form of CdS was considered as a quantitative criterion of the whiteness of CdS samples and the response in the experimental design. The experimental design results showed pH, use of the furnace, and time for CdS drying as the main factors, in addition to a two-factor (Cd/S molar ratio × drying time) and a three-factor (pH × furnace × drying time) interactions are statistically significant on experimental design response. MLFA results also showed that independent noise in the measured diffuse reflectance data is heteroscedastic but not simply proportional to the signal intensities. This study shows the success of maximum likelihood-based multivariate analysis of diffuse reflectance spectral data from smartDRS for quantitatively investigating affecting factors on synthesized CdS color. Results from the application of PCA before MCR-ALS were considerably different from what was obtained from MLFA and MCR-ALS and were not in accordance with the previous reports.

Engineering of window layer cadmium sulphide and zinc sulphide thin films for solar cell applications

The synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films materials was carried out in three electrode configurations on electrically conductive fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. The materials were synthesized due to their wide range of applications in photovoltaic devices. Despite the potentials of the materials in heterojunction-based devices, little efforts have been made to place the materials side by side to be able to suggest the most environmentally friendly with good potentials for solar cell applications. In this paper, we synthesized and characterized the materials using electrodeposition (ED) technique for materials’ synthesis, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) for structural properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological properties, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for elemental composition and Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis) for optical properties. The XRD results show an increase in the crystallite sizes of the materials with increasing cathodic voltages from 10.30 to 15.20 nm; the SEM results show evenly distributed and adherent materials on the substrate; the EDX and XRF results show the qualitative and quantitative elements present; and the UV-vis results show a decrease in the energy band gap with increasing cathodic voltage of both CdS and ZnS thin films from 2.53 to 2.29 eV and 3.78–3.56 eV, respectively.

Photocatalytic activity of green synthesized cadmium sulfide quantum dots on the removal of RhB dye and its cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies

Presence of inorganic pollutants in water reservoirs is the treating factor for human health and environment. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has been regarded as one of the most efficient nanoparticles for their enhanced photocatalytic activity. Medicinal plants are the safe sources to provide green template for biosynthesis of inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots. In order to determine the photocatalytic and biological application of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs), a biosynthesis approach was employed using saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma extract as the green reaction substrate. The biosynthesis process was evaluated at different pH condition to obtain the most efficient CdS QDs. Characterization of prepared CdS QDs were determined through UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR and TEM analysis. The obtained results showed well dsispersed and uniform QDs during green synthesis at the optimum condition. The absorption and electrical properties of green synthesized CdS QDs showed the lowest energy bandgap of 2.4 at pH 11. Photocatalytic activity of CdS QDs on Rhodamine B degradation showed 92% degradation after 80 min under UV light irradiation. The antibacterial and cell cytotoxicity of green synthesized CdS QDs were assayed by disk diffusion and MTT assays respectively. Obtained results showed significant antibacterial effect of CdS QDs against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including B. subtilis (90%) and E. coli (96%) respectively. Moreover, cytotoxicity of prepared CdS Qds through MTT assay indicated 79% apoptosis induction on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

In situ-Synthesized cadmium sulfide quantum dots in pore-forming protein and polysaccharide matrices for optical biosensing applications

The main limitation for practical implementation of quantum dots-based sensors and biosensors is the possible contamination of sensing media with quantum dots (QDs) moved out from the sensor structure, being critical for living systems measurements. Numerous efforts have addressed the challenge of pre-synthesized QDs incorporation into porous matrix provide, on the one hand, proper fixation of quantum dots in its volume and preserving a free analyte transfer from the sensing media to them - on the other hand. Here, we propose an alternative insight into this problem. Instead of using preliminary synthesized particles for doping a matrix, we have in situ synthesized cadmium sulfide QDs in porous biopolymeric matrices, both in an aqueous solution and on a mica substrate. The proposed technique allows obtaining QDs in a matrix acting simultaneously as a ligand passivating surface defects and preventing QDs aggregation. The conjugates were used as a photoluminescence sensor for the metal ions and glutathione detection in an aqueous media. Different kinds of sensor responses have been found depending on the analyte nature. Zinc ions' presence initiates the intraband QDs emission increases due to the reduction of non-radiative processes. The presence of copper ions, in contrast, leads to a gradual photoluminescence decrease due to the formation of the non-luminescent copper-based alloy in the QDs structure. Finally, the presence of glutathione initiates a ligand exchange process followed by some QDs surface treatment enhancing defect-related photoluminescence. As a result, three different kinds of sensor responses for three analytes allow claiming development of a new selective QD-based sensor suitable for biomedical applications.

CdS-based Photocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting

Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising pathway for solar energy convention into chemical fuels. Among various semiconductor-based photocatalysts, cadmium sulfide (CdS) attracted extensive attentions due to the narrow band gap nature (2.4 eV) for efficient visible light absorption, suitable band position for water splitting, and outstanding photocatalytic activity. In this review, we start with the fundamental properties of CdS, and then summarize the recent advances for the synthesis of CdS, and modification strategies including heteroatom doping, loading cocatalysts, and hetero/homo-junction fabrication are also presented. Moreover, a brief perspective and challenges on CdS-based photocatalyst are also discussed.

Acetogenic bacteria utilize light-driven electrons as an energy source for autotrophic growth

Acetogenic bacteria use cellular redox energy to convert CO2 to acetate using the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway. Such redox energy can be derived from electrons generated from H2 as well as from inorganic materials, such as photoresponsive semiconductors. We have developed a nanoparticle-microbe hybrid system in which chemically synthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS-NPs) are displayed on the cell surface of the industrial acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum The hybrid system converts CO2 into acetate without the need for additional energy sources, such as H2, and uses only light-induced electrons from CdS-NPs. To elucidate the underlying mechanism by which C. autoethanogenum uses electrons generated from external energy sources to reduce CO2, we performed transcriptional analysis. Our results indicate that genes encoding the metal ion or flavin-binding proteins were highly up-regulated under CdS-driven autotrophic conditions along with the activation of genes associated with the WL pathway and energy conservation system. Furthermore, the addition of these cofactors increased the CO2 fixation rate under light-exposure conditions. Our results demonstrate the potential to improve the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis systems based on acetogenic bacteria integrated with photoresponsive nanoparticles.

Production of cadmium sulfide quantum dots by the lithobiontic Antarctic strain Pedobacter sp. UYP1 and their application as photosensitizer in solar cells

BackgroundMicrobes are present in almost every environment on Earth, even in those with extreme environmental conditions such as Antarctica, where rocks may represent the main refuge for life. Lithobiontic communities are composed of microorganisms capable of colonizing rocks and, as it is a not so well studied bacterial community, they may represent a very interesting source of diversity and functional traits with potential for biotechnological applications. In this work we analyzed the ability of Antarctic lithobiontic bacterium to synthesize cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) and their potential application in solar cells.ResultsA basaltic andesite rock sample was collected from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, and processed in order to isolate lithobiontic bacterial strains. Out of the 11 selected isolates, strain UYP1, identified as Pedobacter, was chosen for further characterization and analysis due to its high cadmium tolerance. A protocol for the biosynthesis of CdS QDs was developed and optimized for this strain. After 20 and 80 min of synthesis, yellow-green and orange-red fluorescent emissions were observed under UV light, respectively. QDs were characterized through spectroscopic techniques, dynamic light scattering analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Nanostructures of 3.07 nm, composed of 51.1% cadmium and 48.9% sulfide were obtained and further used as photosensitizer material in solar cells. These solar cells were able to conduct electrons and displayed an open circuit voltage of 162 mV, a short circuit current density of 0.0110 mA cm−2, and had an efficiency of conversion up to 0.0016%, which is comparable with data previously reported for solar cells sensitized with biologically produced quantum dots.ConclusionsWe report a cheap, rapid and eco-friendly protocol for the production of CdS QDs by an Antarctic lithobiontic bacterium, Pedobacter, a genus that was not previously reported as a quantum dot producer. The application of the biosynthesized QDs as sensitizer material in solar cells was validated.

Defect induced magnetism in green synthesized Cadmium Sulfide nanoparticles for spintronics applications

Introducing room – temperature ferromagnetism, in wide bandgap semiconductors has gained significant interest in the field of diluted magnetic semiconductors. Here, the Cadmium Sulfide and CdS – C. odorata leaf extract composites, fabricated through green synthesis routes, show room – temperature ferromagnetism and improved electrical conductivity. Here, the origin of magnetism is attributed to the trapped electrons in the F – center, which is emanated from the sulfur vacancies. Besides, the composite has ligand – induced magnetism due to the electron transfer at the interface between the CdS and the leaf extract. Enhanced conductivity observed in the composite nanoparticle is due to the loss of a few electrons from the F – center to the conduction band. The leaf extract modified CdS samples exhibit unconventional ferromagnetism which makes them ideal for spintronics applications without any magnetic impurity doping. The improved electrical conductivity exhibited by the samples forecast their multi – utility potential to be exploited for electrical and photovoltaic applications in addition to their DMS and spintronic applications.

Ultrasound assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction of inorganic arsenic from food and water samples using CdS nanoflowers combined with ICP-OES determination

Direct determination of arsenic species in real samples is challenging due to their trace concentration and spectral interferences by coexisting ions. Herein, we proposed an ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction (DSPME) procedure for the analyses of the trace inorganic arsenic. The hydrothermally synthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) completely adsorbed both arsenic species within 20 s at the initial arsenic concentration of 100 µg L−1. The detection limit (3 S/m) of the proposed method was found to be 0.5 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.2 ng L−1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The accuracy of the method against the systematic and constant errors was confirmed by the analysis of the Standard Reference Material (SRM) (>95% recovery with <5% RSD). The Student’s t-test values were found to be less than the critical Student’s t value at a 95% confidence level. The method was successfully employed for the determination of arsenic in food samples.

Optical, structural and morphological study of CdS nanoparticles: role of sulfur source

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized by using a simple and low-cost home-made hot-injection method at a low process temperature using different sulfur (S) sources. The effects of sulfur concentration on the structural, morphological and optoelectronic properties of the synthesized cadmium sulfide films were studied using a range of characterization techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The XRD studies revealed the formation of hexagonal-type cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. The varying morphology dependence on the sulfur source was ascertained from FESEM analysis. The longitudinal optical phonon vibrational modes of cadmium sulfide were assigned in Raman spectra at 300 and 600 cm−1. The bandgap of the cadmium sulfide particles was estimated to be 2·30 eV from Tauc’s plots. Consistent with the experimental results, this study’s first-principles density functional theory calculations predict the bandgap of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles to increase with decreasing sulfur concentration – Cd52S52 (2·38 eV), Cd52S51 (2·52 eV) and Cd52S50 (2·65 eV) – with both the valence and conduction band edges demonstrated to be dominated by sulfur p states.

Synthesis of submicron-sized CdS particles using reverse micelles

We synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS) submicron particles in reverse micelles. We chose the surfactants and the water-to-surfactant molar ratio to influence the formation of reverse micelles such that their average size was 100 nm. The actual size of the particles that we synthesized was consistent with the expected reverse micelle size. The synthesized CdS particles exhibited a strong photoluminescence that comprised an interband emission with a quantum confinement effect and a broad emission that originated from the surface trap states. When combined with the blueshifted absorption edge seen in the submicron particle solution, our prepared submicron particles were an aggregation of semiconductor quantum dots. The submicron-size semiconductor particle is appropriate as an optical trapping target in a variety environments and is beneficial for sophisticated resonant optical manipulation, including enhanced optical trapping force and recoil force manipulation.

Photoelectrochemical Investigation on the Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Thin Films Prepared using Spin Coating Technique

Photoelectrochemical cell technology is one of the simplest technologies, which converts light energy directly into electricity. The synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystals (NCs) was performed by the facile hot injection method. The NCs were characterized by different techniques such as XRD, Raman, UV-Vis, FESEM, and XPS. The XRD pattern confirms the phase pure hexagonal CdS NCs. The band gap of NCs calculated from the UV-Visible spectrum is at 2.40 eV, indicating good absorption in the visible spectrum. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of individual elements in CdS NCs. The CdS thin-films having different thicknesses were prepared on FTO substrates using the spin coating technique. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigation of CdS NCs thin-films photoelectrodes was performed by varying its thickness. The increase in the thickness of thin-films increased photocurrent density.

Role of facile synthesized V2O5 as hole transport layer for CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cell: Validation of simulation using experimental data

Abstract This article presents the role of Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) as electron blocking-hole transport layer (EB-HTL) in Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) based heterojunction solar cells using simulation employing experimental data. Noble solvents Thiolamine and methanol with diethaylamine were used to synthesis of CdS and V2O5 respectively using sol-gel method. At first, the optical and electrical properties of CdS, V2O5 spin coated thin films deposited on glass substrate were investigated experimentally. Then, these experimental data of optical and electrical properties were used to simulate FTO/CdS/CdTe/Al and FTO/CdS/CdTe/V2O5/Al heterojunction solar cells. The simulation was carried out using SCAPS-1D simulator, where data of CdTe absorber layer were taken from reported work. Simulations were performed at a range of concentration, thickness, defect density and temperature to conjecture the better cell efficiency and efficacy of V2O5 as EB-HTL. At carrier concentration of 1 × 1017 cm−3, 1 × 1016 cm−3 and 1 × 1018 cm−3 for CdS, CdTe and V2O5 respectively, the optimum thickness was found to be 0.100 μm, 1.00 μm and 0.100 μm for the corresponding material layers respectively with interface defect density (donor and acceptor) of 2.5 × 1017 cm−3 at a junction temperature of 300 °C (573 K). Simulation results reveal that, the designed FTO/CdS/CdTe/V2O5/Al heterojunction solar cell shows the highest efficiency of 23.50% with enhanced open circuit voltage of 0.708 V, current density of 44.41 mA/cm2, fill factor of 75% compared to those of FTO/CdS/CdTe/Al heterostructure (without EB-HTL) counterparts. Therefore, it can be envisage that, solution processed V2O5 as EB-HTL is a potential and flair material for CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cells.

Preparation of yeast mediated semiconductor nanoparticles by Candida albicans and its bactericidal potential against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganism is widely used in biological applications due to its eco-friendly nature and lower cost. The present study aimed to investigate the yeast, Candida albicans for the synthesis of nano cadmium sulfide is a semiconductor nanoparticle. The yeast synthesized nanoparticles tested for its spectroscopic and microscopic characters. The peak at 420 nm identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer confirms the Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles synthesis preliminarily. Further, the nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction assay, scanning electron microscope, and elemental dispersive analysis. Finally, the synthesized Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were tested for its antibacterial activity against disease-causing pathogens such as Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum zone of inhibition shows 15mm at the concentration of 100µl of CdS nanoparticle. Thus a promising antibacterial activity of yeast mediated synthesized Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles was described.

Preparation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and mediation thereof across poly(hydroxybutyrate) nanocomposite

Herein, we used chemical precipitation method to synthesize cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) with different concentrations of CdNO3. The CdS NPs of size 105 nm and the corresponding zeta potential of 42.2 mV were achieved at CdNO3 concentration of 1 mM. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed W-type hexagonal geometry of CdS NPs. The prepared CdS NPs were introduced into poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) matrix to fabricate CdS/PHB composite nanomaterial. The physicochemical characterization showed successful synthesis of a novel nanocomposite. The XRD analysis showed that CdS/PHB nanocomposite exhibited hexagonal crystal structure, i.e., crystallite orientation of nanocomposite was majorly controlled by CdS NPs. Scanning electron micrographs of CdS NPs and CdS/PHB nanocomposite revealed spherical morphology of CdS NPs and their successful placement into PHB matrix with some random aggregations. The results were further confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a high-resolution TEM. Thermogravimetric analysis showed improved thermal characteristics of nanocomposites after incorporation of CdS NPs into PHB matrix.