Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Morinda citrifolia Linn LeafExtract and its Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential.

Nanomedicine has emerged as a revolutionary regimen for moderating communicable as well as non-communicable diseases. This study demonstrated the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using M. citrifolia leaf extract (MC-AgNPs) and their in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential. The Biosynthesis of MC-AgNPs was studied by spectroscopy and characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR analysis. The antibacterial activity was checked by minimum inhibition concentration assay. The HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were used to explore the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activity of biogenic MC-AgNPs. The free radical scavenging potential of MC-AgNPs was studied by in vitro DPPH and ABTS assays, which confirmed significant radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 17.70 ± 0.36 μg/mL for DPPH and 13.37 ± 3.15 μg/mL for ABTS radicals. The bactericidal effects of MC-AgNPs confirmed by MIC showed 0.1 mg/mL concentration of MC-AgNPs with greater sensitivity for E.coli (93.33 ± 0.89), followed by K. pneumoniae (90.99 ± 0.57), S. aureus (87.26 ± 2.80) and P. aeruginosa strains (44.68 ± 0.73). The cytotoxicity results depicted strong dose and timedependent toxicity of biogenic MC-AgNPs against cancer cell lines fifty percent inhibitory concentration MC-AgNPs against HeLa cells were 13.56 ± 1.22 μg/mL after 24h and 5.57 ± 0.12 μg/mL after 48 h exposure, likewise 16.86 ± 0.88 μg/mL and 11.60 ± 0.97 μg/mL respectively for MCF-7 cells. The present study revealed the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using M. citrifolia and their significant antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities.

Acute Toxicity, Anti-diabetic, and Anti-cancerous Potential of Trillium Govanianum-conjugated Silver Nanoparticles in Balb/c Mice.

The current study aimed to develop an economic plant-based therapeutic agent to improve the treatment strategies for diseases at the nano-scale because Cancer and Diabetes mellitus are major concerns in developing countries. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic and anti-cancerous activities of Trillium govanianum conjugated silver nanoparticles were assessed. In the current study synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trillium govanianum and characterization were done using a scanning electron microscope, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and FTIR analysis. The in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and anti-cancerous potential (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) were carried out. It was discovered that Balb/c mice did not show any major alterations during observation of acute oral toxicity when administered orally both TGaqu (1000 mg/kg) and TGAgNPs (1000 mg/kg), and results revealed that 1000 mg/kg is not lethal dose as did not find any abnormalities in epidermal and dermal layers when exposed to TGAgNPs. In vitro studies showed that TGAgNPs could not only inhibit alpha-glucosidase and protein kinases but were also potent against the brine shrimp. Though, a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and significant anti-cancerous effects was recorded when alloxan-treated and CCl4-induced mice were treated with TGAgNPs and TGaqu. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that TGaqu and TGAgNPs are not toxic at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses and possess strong anti-diabetic and anti-cancerous effects due to the presence of phyto-constituents. Further, suggesting that green synthesized silver nanoparticles could be used in pharmaceutical industries to develop potent therapeutic agents.

Enhancing antibacterial activity through green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with salvia officinalis extracts

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of water-based extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticle extracts from the Salvia officinalis plant in killing bacteria. We used the agar well diffusion method to see how well these extracts could fight against both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). To understand the properties of the nanoparticles, we analyzed them using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that both types of extracts were effective against the bacteria, with performance similar to the antibiotic chloramphenicol used as a benchmark. An interesting finding was that combining the plant extracts with the antibiotic or the silver nanoparticle extract with the antibiotic significantly enhanced the ability to stop bacterial growth in all tested strains. The Gram-positive bacteria were more affected than the Gram-negative ones, suggesting a potential way to overcome bacterial resistance.

Characterization of the Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from the Sea Cucumber Bohadschia marmorata (Jaeger, 1833)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from marine invertebrates, particularly sea cucumbers, are relatively few or even lacking. This study aimed to determine the potential of the body wall of Bohadschia marmorata as reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles and characterize the generated AgNPs using a direct and environment-friendly procedure. Although limited, the generated AgNPs were confirmed with an absorbance peak of 416 nm, indicative of surface plasmon resonance, with strong signals of elemental silver acquired by EDS at 3 keV. The potential functional groups responsible for the reduction of silver ions and capping of the nanoparticles include O–H (alcohol and carboxylic acids), C–C (alkene), N–H, and C–N (amine) groups detected by FT-IR. Scanning electron microscopy showed a nearly spherical morphology with an approximate size of 288 nm which tends to polydisperse and aggregate. Thus, this study showed that the sea cucumber body wall can be used in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. However, refinement of the procedures and operational parameters used is needed to produce more and better-quality nanoparticles.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Seed Extract and their Potential Medicinal Applications.

Nanotechnology is considered as one of the fastest-developing areas in the biomedicine field. Hence, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini seed extract was carried out in this study. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), FE-SEM (Field Emission scanning electron microscopic), AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and EDX (Energy dispersive X-Ray). Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl), PM (Phosphomolybdenum) assay, and albumin denaturation assay. Further, the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the antidiabetic activity of nanoparticles was studied by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. They were stable and spherical in shape, with sizes ranging from 30 to 90 nm. The DPPH inhibition % of silver nanoparticles varied from 7.91±0.39% to 68.35±0.76%. The % inhibition of albumin denaturation was comparable to the diclofenac. Further, the results of antibacterial activity revealed that the zone of inhibition for all the test bacteria varied from 14.33±0.58 to 25.33±0.58 mm, where B. cereus was more susceptible. In addition, the % inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase varied from 19.91±0.15% to 61.43±0.31% and 15.26±0.11% to 55.38±0.20%, respectively. This study is the first attempt of utilizing the silver nanoparticles synthesized from S. cumini seed extract for antidiabetic activity. The study suggests that these nanoparticles could be well utilized in pharmaceutical industries as an efficient antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidiabetic drug.

Green method synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Ficus religiosa plant leaves extract and their evaluation for anti-cancer activity in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 cells

Due to low surface area and minimum possible state of energy, spherical nanoparticles are preferable over nanoparticles of other shapes. Use of nanoparticles in cancer therapy is an emerging field with wide varieties of applications. But, to retain within the cell for optimum anticancer activity, synthesized nanoparticles are required to be in proper shape and size. Plant phytochemicals reduce and cap metal ions to produce nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesised using Ficus religiosa plant leaves aqueous extract. Synthesised material was characterised using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X Ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. FTIR analysis showed presence of varied phytochemicals. SEM analysis of the sample elucidated morphological characteristics of the material while elemental analysis through EDAX technique reported silver metal ions in synthesised sample. TEM analysis confirmed nanoparticles size ranging from 21-27 nm. Result of the study showed decreased cell viability of A549 cells when treated with the green method to synthesise silver nanoparticles.

Biogenic silver nanomaterials synthesized from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract exhibiting robust antimicrobial and anticancer activities: Exploring the therapeutic potential

There is a surge in antibiotic consumption because of the emergence of resistance among microbial pathogens. In the escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance in microbial pathogens, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-mediated therapy has proven to be the most effective and alternative therapeutic strategy for bacterial infections and cancer treatment. This study aims to explore the potential of OsAgNPs derived from Ocimum sanctum's aqueous leaf extract as antimicrobial agents and anticancer drug delivery modalities. This study utilized a plant extract derived from Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaves to synthesize silver nanoparticles (OsAgNPs), that were characterized by FTIR, TEM, SEM, and EDX. OsAgNPs were assessed for their antibacterial and anticancer potential. TEM analysis unveiled predominantly spherical or oval-shaped OsAgNPs, ranging in size from 4 to 98 nm. The (MICs) of OsAgNPs demonstrated a range from 0.350 to 19.53 μg/ml against clinical, multidrug-resistant (MDR), and standard bacterial isolates. Dual labelling with ethidium bromide and acridine orange demonstrated that OsAgNPs induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. The OsAgNPs-treated cells showed yellow-green fluorescence in early-stage apoptotic cells and orange fluorescence in late-stage cells. Furthermore, OsAgNPs exhibited a concentration-dependent decrease in HeLa cancer cell viability, with an IC50 value of 90 μg/ml noted. The study highlights the remarkable antibacterial efficacy of OsAgNPs against clinically significant bacterial isolates, including antibiotic-resistant strains. These results position the OsAgNPs as prospective therapeutic agents with the potential to address the growing challenges posed by antibiotic resistance and cervical cancer.

Chitosan membranes incorporating Aloe vera glycolic extract with joint synthesis of silver nanoparticles for the treatment of skin lesions.

New wound dressings based on polymeric membranes have been widely exploited for clinical applications to assist in the healing process and prevent additional complications (e.g., bacterial infections). Here we propose the development of a new production method of polymeric membranes based on chitosan, incorporating glycolic extract of Aloe vera with joint synthesis of silver nanoparticles for use as a new bioactive dressing. The membranes were obtained by casting technique, and their morphological, physicochemical characteristics, degree of swelling, degradation profile and antimicrobial activity evaluated. Morphological analyzes confirmed the synthesis and presence of silver nanoparticles in the polymeric membrane. The chemical compatibility between the materials was demonstrated through thermal analysis (TGA and DSC) combined with ATR-FTIR tests, showing the complexation of the membranes (Mb-Ch-Ex.Av-NPs). All membranes were characterized as hydrophilic material (with a contact angle (ө) < 90°); however, the highest degree of swelling was obtained for the chitosan. (Mb-Ch) membrane (69.91 ± 5.75%) and the lowest for Mb-Ch-Ex.Av-NPs (26.62 ± 8.93%). On the other hand, the degradation profile was higher for Mb-Ch-Ex.Av-NPs (77.85 ± 7.51%) and lower for Mb-Ch (57.60 ± 2.29%). The manufactured bioactive dressings showed activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Our work confirmed the development of translucent and flexible chitosan-based membranes, incorporating Aloe vera glycolic extract with joint synthesis of silver nanoparticles for use as a new bioactive dressing, with proven antimicrobial activity.

Antimicrobial potential and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ocimum sanctum extract

The growing resistance of microbes to conventional antibiotics and the environmental impact of chemical synthesis methods highlight the urgent need for effective and sustainable antimicrobial agents. In this study, we address these challenges by synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract, a green and efficient method. We confirmed AgNPs synthesis through UV-vis spectroscopy, observing a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak centered at 420 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed intense peaks at 37.81°, 45.01°, 63.91°, and 78.0°, corresponding to Bragg's reflections at 111, 200, 220, and 311, respectively, with an average particle size of approximately 18 nm calculated using Scherrer's formula. The reduction of Ag+ was monitored using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), which revealed a rapid decrease from 2.73 ppm to 0.023 ppm within four minutes, driven by the active reducing agents in the O. sanctum extract. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image confirmed the spherical shape of the AgNPs, with an average size of 23.82 ± 4.17 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified absorption peaks at 1635 cm⁻¹ and 3430 cm⁻¹, associated with the amide I bond of proteins and OH stretching in alcohols and phenolic compounds, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, demonstrated by a dose-dependent inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. The inhibition zone measured 6 mm at the lowest concentration of 5 µg/L and increased progressively to 14 mm at the highest concentration of 25 µg/L, indicating strong antimicrobial potential even at low dosages.

Silver Nano-Inks Synthesized with Biobased Polymers for High-Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Printing Toward In-Space Manufacturing.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is an additive manufacturing technique capable of producing micro/nanoscale features by precisely jetting ink under an electric field. However, as a new technique compared to more conventional methods, commercially available inks designed and optimized for EHD are currently very limited. To address this challenge, a new silver nanoink platform was developed by synthesizing silver nanoparticles in situ with biobased polymer 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Typically used as a thickening agent, HEC is cost-effect, biocompatible, and versatile in developing inks that meet the rheology criteria for high-resolution EHD jetting. This approach significantly outperforms the traditional use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), enabling the stabilization of high solids content (>50 wt %) nanoinks for over 10 months with an HEC dosage 20 times lower than that required by PVP. The HEC-synthesized silver ink displays excellent electrical properties, yielding resistivities as low as 2.81 μΩ cm upon sintering, less than twice that of pure silver. Additionally, the capability to sinter at low temperatures (<200 °C) enables the use of this ink on polymer substrates for flexible devices. The synthesized nanoinks were also found to be capable of producing precise, high-resolution features by EHD printing with smooth lines narrower than 5 μm printed using a 100 μm nozzle. Additionally, a semiempirical model was developed to reveal the relationship between printing resolution, ink properties, and printing parameters, enabling precise printing control. Moreover, for the first time, the unique ability of EHD to achieve precise fabrication under microgravity was conclusively demonstrated through a parabolic flight test utilizing the HEC-based nanoinks. The study greatly expands the potential of printing thin films for the on-demand manufacturing of electronic devices in space.

Synthesis of Antimicrobial Silver Nano Particles from Soil Fungi

Synthesis of Antimicrobial Silver Nano Particles from Soil Fungi

A review on multifarious medicinal potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles

Momentous advancement in nanotechnology has greatly participated in bringing transformations in various challenges of society like energy production, information technology, health and environment. Out of all the challenges society is currently facing, health is the major issue. Cancer, Bacterial, Fungal and other numerous diseases are there which we need to encounter with the best possible methods. Nanoparticles owing to their better size to area ratio act as good drug delivery agents. Synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has already travelled a long pathway and researchers are looking for green synthesis of NPs which is non-toxic and non-hazardous pathway of NPs synthesis. Green synthesis of NPs can be performed using bacteria, fungi, algae, virus, plant extracts etc. Green synthesis is preferable because of its cost-effectiveness, energy-efficient nature, bio-compatibility and being therapeutically significant. Biological media tend to have antioxidant properties preferably plant resources which when incorporated with metal, transport same property to such nanoparticles synthesized. Since ancient times, it has been read and well-researched that silver accounts various health benefits. Therefore, silver NPs (AgNPs) are looked upon for their novel use in therapies and treatment against numerous diseases as anticancer, anti-fungal, antibacterial. This review commentates on therapeutic activity of green synthesized AgNPs, their mode of action, and potential medicinal use against many diseases as well as their antioxidant potential.

Sustained-release, antibacterial, adhesive gelatin composite hydrogel with AgNPs double-capped with curdlan derivatives

In this work, carboxymethylated curdlan (CMCD) was utilized as a capping and stabilizing agent for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Subsequently, quaternized curdlan (QCD) was introduced as the second capping layer through electrostatic attraction, leading to the preparation of double-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@CQ). The successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles was characterized using UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and DLS. AgNPs@CQ were incorporated into gelatin and a AgNPs@CQ/Gel composite hydrogel was obtained. The incorporation of AgNPs@CQ imparts excellent antibacterial properties to the composite hydrogel, thereby enhancing its antimicrobial efficacy. The presence of double-capping layers significantly retards the release rate of silver, contributing to prolonged antimicrobial activity. The MTT and live/dead fluorescence staining results demonstrate that the gelatin hydrogel incorporating double-capped AgNPs exhibits enhanced cell viability compared to the one incorporating single-capped AgNPs. Additionally, the composite hydrogel exhibits remarkable mechanical strength and adhesive performance. The AgNPs@CQ/Gel composite hydrogel demonstrates a cost-effective and facile preparation, showing significant potential in the field of dressings.

Synthesis of Silver and Copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus racemosa leaf extract: characterization, anticancer potential, and dye degradation efficacy

Synthesis of Silver and Copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus racemosa leaf extract: characterization, anticancer potential, and dye degradation efficacy

Biochemical Characterization and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Costus spicatus for Potential Anti-Diabetic Target in Streptozocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Rats

Biochemical Characterization and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Costus spicatus for Potential Anti-Diabetic Target in Streptozocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Rats

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Using Black Mulberry and Characterization, Phytochemical, and Bioactivity.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has been proposed as a more advantageous and environmentally friendly alternative compared to existing physical/chemical methods. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from silver nitrate using black mulberry (BM) extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized through an UV-visible spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, BM-AgNPs were subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. AgNPs biosynthesized from BM extract were dark brown in color and showed a strong peak at 437 nm, confirming that AgNPs were successfully synthesized. The size of AgNPs was 170.17 ± 12.65 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.281 ± 0.07, and the zeta potential value was -56.6 ± 0.56 mV, indicating that the particles were stable. The higher total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content of BM-AgNPs compared to BM extract indicates that the particles contain multiple active substances due to the formation of AgNPs. The DPPH and ABTS assays showed decreased IC50 values compared to BM extract, demonstrating improved antioxidant activity. AgNPs inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli at 600 μg/mL, with minimum bactericidal concentrations determined to be 1000 and 1200 μg/mL, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was 64.28% at a BM-AgNPs concentration of 250 μg/mL. As the concentration increased, the difference from the standard decreased, indicating the inhibitory effect of AgNPs on bovine serum albumin denaturation. The viability of MCF-7 cells treated with BM-AgNPs was found to be significantly lower than that of cells treated with BM extract. The IC50 value of BM-AgNPs was determined to be 96.9 μg/mL. This study showed that BM-AgNPs have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical industry as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agents.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from waste leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis) and their catalytic potential for degradation of azo dyes

Tea leaves are discarded after use as waste material. An attempt was made to explore the potential of tea waste as an alternative source of extensive reducing agent for green and biocompatible synthesis of silver nanoparticles (WT-AgNPs) from silver nitrate salt, and prospective utilization for degradation of toxic azo dyes such as methyl orange and Congo red occurring in effluents. Green tea extract was also used as reducing agent to synthesize AgNPs (GT-AgNPs) to compare their physicochemical properties and efficiency vis-à-vis WT-AgNPs. Both WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, particles size and zeta potential measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), surface morphology and elemental composition determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The average particle size, zeta potential and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were 74.85 nm, -22.62 mV, 422 nm and 69.53 nm, -21.28 mV, 420 nm for WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs, respectively. Catalytic degradation reaction of methyl orange and Congo red using the biogenic AgNPs followed the pseudo-first order kinetics in both cases. The rate constants of methyl orange dye (100 ppm) degradation using the catalysts (WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs) were 0.087 s−1(R2=0.922) and 0.099 s−1 (R2=0.963) respectively, showing 93 % and 95.5 % degradation of dye in 40 min in presence of NaBH4. For Congo red (100 ppm) degradation, the rate constants were 0.112 s−1 (R2=0.917) and 0.113 s−1(R2=0.943). Both WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs exhibited bacteriostatic effect inhibiting growth of E. coli. The study offers potential use of waste tea leaves as an effective reducing agent for large-scale green synthesis of silver nanoparticles having multifarious environmental applications in general, dye degradation and antibacterial action in particular.

Phytofabrication, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Hippophae rhamnoides berries extract and their biological activities.

Fabrication of plant-based metal nanoparticles has yielded promising results, establishing this approach as viable, sustainable, and non-toxic in the biomedical sector for targeted drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, biosensing, cancer therapy, and antimicrobial treatments. The present work demonstrates the suitability of Hippophae rhamnoides berries for the instant green synthesis of silver nanoparticles to check their antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, and antimicrobial potential. The preliminary characterization of Hippophae rhamnoides-mediated AgNPs was validated by monitoring the color shift in the solution from pale yellow to reddish brown, which was further confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and the plasmon peaks were observed at 450 nm. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the surface topography and structure of AgNPs. Herein, the antioxidant potential of synthesized AgNPs was investigated using DPPH free radical assay and the antimicrobial efficacy of similar was checked against E. coli and S. aureus by following MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) assay. Along with the inhibitory percentage of lipid peroxidation was analysed by following TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive species) assay. The results revealed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape with an average size distribution within the range of 23.5-28 nm and a crystalline structure. Negative zeta potential (-19.7 mV) revealed the physical stability of synthesized AgNPs as the repulsive force to prevent immediate aggregation. The bioactive functional moieties involved in reducing bulk AgNO3 into AgNPs were further validated by FTIR. TBARS was adapted to test lipid peroxidation, and Hippophae rhamnoides-mediated AgNPs showed a 79% inhibition in lipid peroxidation compared to Hippophae rhamnoides berries extract as 65%. Furthermore, the antibacterial tests showed 37 ± 0.01 mm and 35 ± 0.0132 mm, zones of inhibition against E. coli MTCC 1698 and S. aureus MTCC 3160 with MIC and MBC values of 1 mg/mL, respectively.

Rapid detection of bactericidal efficacy of nanoparticles coated polyurethane foam by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy

The ability of right-angled synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) was explored to analyse the bacterial load in water treated with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated polyurethane foam (PUF). Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria cultured in nutrient broth were diluted in autoclaved water containing NPs-coated PUF. The survival rate of S. aureus and E. coli lowered after ten minutes as compared to P. aeruginosa; however, after thirty minutes, the percentage viability dropped and recorded as 3.4%, 0.9%, and 0.1% for E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively in the treated suspensions. No spectral change was observed in the fluorescence emission from the positive control and treated bacterial suspension owing to the masking effect of the emission from nutrient broth. In parallel, SF spectra recorded for directly picked bacterial colony dissolved in water showed remarkable drop in tryptophan emission after treatment with NPs-coated PUF. The SF data changes were assisted by hierarchical cluster analysis, which also made it possible to distinguish between positive control and treated bacterial suspensions. SFS has shown to be a reliable substitute for the culture plate approach for the quick identification of bacterial contamination in water.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pandanus tectorius aerial root extract: Characterization, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic properties, and ecotoxicological assessment

Nanotechnology, a rapidly developing field of research, has several applications in various disciplines of applied science. The eco-friendly synthesis method presented here provides a sustainable alternative to traditional methods that frequently rely on harmful chemicals. Following the synthesis, the antibacterial and anti-cancer properties of the nanoparticles produced through this environmentally-friendly. In the present study, the reducing agents for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were aqueous extracts of the aerial root of Pandanus tectorius. The green synthesized Ag nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM, as well as EDX analysis. Artemia nauplii larvae were used to test the nanoparticles’ eco-toxicity, cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, and antibacterial activity using the well diffusion assay. The synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited maximum absorbance in the visible band at 415 nm. In the XRD spectrum of crystalline Ag-NPs, four prominent peaks with 2θ values of 38.12°, 54.14°, 64.18°, and 77.48° are observed. These peaks correspond to the crystallographic planes 111, 200, 220, and 311, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles SEM-TEM image revealed a spherical shape. EDX spectral peak was found at 3.0 keV. Maximum growth inhibitory activity was noticed against P. aeruginosa (14 mm) through determining the zones of inhibition on disc diffusion method. The studied bacterial strains have demonstrated effective inhibition by these Ag-NPs. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of Ag-NPs exhibited an IC50 value of 47.58 μg/mL against HeLa cancer cells. Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under solar radiation was investigated for its photocatalytic properties. The findings demonstrated that after 120 min in the light, MB deteriorated by 82.6 %. Overall, the results of this investigation suggest that Ag-NPs biosynthesized by P. tectorius may have photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer properties.