Synthesis Of PID Controllers Research Articles

Synthesis of Voltage PID Controller to Improve INC- MPPT Algorithm for Cascade Regulation of KC200GT Panel-Based Solar System

This paper proposes the Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT method based on the Incremental Conductance INC algorithm. The primary goal is to prevent the ripple problem that is occurred in the output responses of the solar panel system. This last includes the KC200GT panel system, while using it to supply a resistive load throughout the DC-DC boost converter. This goal is reached through respecting the two following steps. First, the INC algorithm modified so that it produces an optimal reference voltage rather than a duty cycle control, which is often utilized in the standard INC-MPPT control strategy for controlling the switch button of the DC-DC boost converter. Second, the solar system behavior is modeled by the linear small-signal model for the design of the voltage PID controller. At each sample, a voltage discrepancy is generated as a result of comparing the previous reference voltage to the one delivered by the KC200GT panel where the introduction of the voltage PID controller becoming indispensable. These two steps create the development of a novel strategy that is afterwards known as improved INC-MPPT. The performance assessments of the proposed strategy are carried out by simulation using MATLAB®/SIMULINK software, and the obtained results reveal the crucial importance of including the voltage PID controller to overcome the ripple issue, occurred when applying the standard INC-MPPT control strategy.

Synthesis of a digital PID controller to control the temperature in the agricultural products drying chamber

This article provides information and results of measurement and automatic temperature control with a proportional-integral-derivative controller. A microcontroller including special software is used for automatic control the temperature at a given value. For fixation continuity of changes, an algorithm for controlling the temperature in the drying chamber has been developed. The researched process on a computer model and an algorithm for temperature control in chamber was developed. Based on the analysis, transient characteristics of the drying process were obtained.

A Voltage PID Controller Synthesis Based on a New Small-Signal Linear Model to Enhance the Performance of the Standard P &O Algorithm Employed in Photovoltaic Panels

A Voltage PID Controller Synthesis Based on a New Small-Signal Linear Model to Enhance the Performance of the Standard P &O Algorithm Employed in Photovoltaic Panels

Robust fractional order PID controller synthesis for the first order plus integral system

The fractional order PID (FOPID) controller has been found to have the potential to provide more flexibility in the design options than the integer order PID (IOPID) controller. However, in the FOPID controller design practice, investigations are still required in selecting the achievable design specifications and controller parameters. In order to obtain a practical tuning method for the FOPID controller, taking the first order plus integral systems as the plants, the complete achievable regions of the design specifications are collected and analyzed. In addition, the selectable integral and derivative orders of the FOPID controller are also collected and modeled. With the prior knowledge obtained, a synthesis method for the FOPID controller is proposed to make the control system achieve the desired flat-phase characteristic. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the synthesis method is applied to design the FOPID controller for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed servo system. Simulation and experimental results show that system with the FOPID controller can achieve satisfying tracking performance and disturbance rejection performance.

A Robust LQR-Based Fuzzy-Immune PID Applied for a Greenhouse Temperature Networked Control

Bioinspired control system strategies have received considerable attention in recent years, demonstrating their effectiveness to control various classes of systems. This paper presents a new robust LQR-based fuzzy-immune PID controller synthesis method, the particularity of this structure is the combination of the features granted by the linear quadratic regulator LQR and the fuzzy-immune PID controller as: robustness, optimization and self-adapting. The proposed approach is applied to the temperature control of a greenhouse system over Ethernet network. Such control loop is bound to be affected by several uncertainties such as communication delays, packet dropout... etc., it is therefore necessary to adopt a robust control strategy that can handle these problems. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the proposed controller structure under several perturbations/uncertainties scenarios. The results show better time domain performance and greater robustness against uncertainties, in comparison with other PID structures (classic and fuzzy immune PID).

Robust three‐parameter fractional‐order proportional integral derivative controller synthesis for permanent magnet synchronous motor speed servo system

AbstractThis paper proposes a three‐parameter fractional‐order PID (TPFOPID) controller synthesis for the PMSM speed servo system. This TPFOPID contains complete proportional/integral/differential elements but with only three parameters to tune. A systematic design scheme of this TPFOPID to satisfy a flat phase constraint and two specifications, that is, gain crossover frequency ( ) and phase margin ( ), is presented for the PMSM speed servo system. Furthermore, the entire achievable region of and can be collected following the scheme. With this region, one can choose feasible combination specifications of and before the controller design. To show the effectiveness of the TPFOPID controller, the achievable region of specifications is compared with the fractional‐order PI (FOPI) also with three parameters. Simulation illustration and experimental verifications using the TPFOPID for the PMSM speed servo system are presented and compared with those using FOPI controller, IOPI controller, and IOPID controller to demonstrate the advantages of the designed TPFOPID controller, and also compared with FOPID based on differential evolution (DE) algorithm to present comparable control performance.

A New Type of the Manipulator Dynamics Equations for the Synthesis of Adaptive Pid Controller for Program Gripping

A New Type of the Manipulator Dynamics Equations for the Synthesis of Adaptive Pid Controller for Program Gripping

Modeling of the tunnel kiln control system taking into account the features of the pid controller and fuzzy logic

Taking into account the non-linear, time-varying temperature characteristics of the tunnel kiln, high inertia and some uncertainty of its parameters, it’s difficult to create an accurate mathematical model and get an acceptable set of the controller of the control system. The asynchronous motor actuator of the system, which regulates the amount of gas and air to change the temperature, gives the system first-order a statism. A conventional PID controller does not provide the required quality parameters of temperature control in the entire possible range of changes in the parameters of the controlled object. Thus, the synthesis of an additional fuzzy PID controller is required to ensure the required quality of regulation. Of course, PID control and fuzzy intelligence will provide effective self-tuning of the parameters of controlled PID controllers. A simulation experiment in Matlab shows that fuzzy PID control reduces the time and magnitude of overshoot, effectively increasing the stability of the system by giving it robustness properties.

The Development of an Optimally-Tuned PID Control for the Actuator of a Transport Robot

An optimally-tuned PID control for a transport robot actuator based on an induction motor was developed. Continuous-discrete and continuous mathematical models of the actuator were obtained. The parametric synthesis of PID controller on the basis of continuous and discrete actuator models were performed. Numerical simulations using SimInTech for the adaptive regulator taking into account the cargo weight (from empty to maximum loaded) were carried out. The scheme of automatic selection of actuator PID coefficients considering the cargo weight was proposed. The scheme of automatic selection of coefficients of PID regulator for an actuator with regard to the cargo weight was suggested. As a result of parametric synthesis of discrete PID control law optimum values of its amplification coefficients were determined. There was no overcontrol and the transient time, which satisfied the initial requirements for the optimization of the control algorithm by angular velocity.

Analysis of Caputo-Fabrizio Operator Application for Synthesis of Fractional Order PID-controller

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Analytical Design of PID Controllers [Bookshelf

This book is focused exclusively on the PID controller. It is timely and contributes substantially to the art and science of control system engineering. The book proposes a multiobjective approach to design, allowing the designer to creatively blend various performance measures using classical and modern approaches. It is organized into three parts. Part I lays the foundation for the rest of the book. It describes methods for the computation of the complete set of PID controllers stabilizing a given SISO linear time-invariant plant. Using the stabilizing set, Part II proceeds to search for achievable performance for the closed-loop system under PID control. Finally, Part III adresses H3 optimization-based design of PID controllers for both continuous and discrete-time systems is considered. The book presents several novel and effective approaches for the synthesis and design of PID controllers. It addresses and solves classical gain and phase margin-based designs, modern H3 norm-based designs, and new approaches to multivariable control based on SISO methods. Both continuous-time and discrete-time systems are treated by the same methods. The methodology developed is based on research conducted at Texas A&M University over the last 20 years. It is expected that these approaches will find applications to control system design in both traditional areas as well as in new areas such as driverless cars and autonomous robots. Overall, the techniques covered in this book form a substantial contribution to the field of control, and this book is recommended for students and practitioners of control theory.

О некоторых ограничениях при параметрическом синтезе ПИД-регуляторов

The article highlights solving the problem of parametric synthesis of PID Controllers of integer and fractional orders. The methods of synthesis for the given margins and indices of the relative stability of PID Controllers of integral and fractional orders have been developed. There have been developed algorithms for calculating the limiting values of the controller differential gain, at which the boundary of the region of a given stability margin has a cusp. Applying the criterion for low-frequency disturbance compensation helps to define the limiting values of the relative stability margin and indices. To implement the proposed algorithms there have been developed the software in the environment of the Maple package of symbolic calculations. Application of the developed algorithms allows to narrow the search area for the PID Controllers optimal parameters.

Fuzzy Multi-Regional Fractional PID controller for Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor

The paper presents the methodology for the synthesis of a Fuzzy Multi-Regional Fractional Order PID controller (FMR-FOPID) used to control the average thermal power of a PWR nuclear reactor in the load following mode. The controller utilizes a set of FOPID controllers and the fuzzy logic Takagi–Sugeno reasoning system. The proposed methodology is based on two optimization parts. The first part is devoted to finding the optimal parameters of local FOPID controllers and in the second part, the optimal membership functions of the fuzzy reasoning system are designed. During the controller designing and comparison phase, the two validated nodal models of a nuclear reactor are used, simplified model and extended model respectively. The proposed approach has been verified by computer simulations that confirm its effectiveness.

PID-CONTROLLER SYNTHESIS SOFTWARE FOR THE STABILIZATION SYSTEM OF THE INERTIAL CONTROL OBJECT

Reviewed software creation method for the selection an optimum regulator for the stabilization system of the inertial control object. PID-controller synthesis software implemented by Python and it`s libraries: SciPy, NumPy and Control Systems Library. Schematic decisions of regulators and correction devices for stabilization systems may be different: P, PI, PD, PID. The first three options can be generally obtained by applying restrictions on the PID-model. The exact adjustment of the PID-controller parameters significantly reduces system fluctuations. The full use of the PID-controller advantages is only provided with the correct calculation of these parameters, taking into account the unique characteristics of the controlled objects. At the same time, it is important to have a mechanism (program) for coefficients controlling that would provide a convenient interface between the program and the user.

Synthesis of Robust PID Controllers by Double Optimization Method

The design of adaptive controllers allows to solve the problem of control of the object with non-stationary parameters. However, if the parameters of the object do not change too much or if only a certain interval of their change is known, it may turn out that an adaptive controller is not required, since the problem can be solved with the help of a robust controller. The robust controller allows to provide an acceptable quality of control even if the parameters of the mathematical model of the object change in some predetermined interval. A method of designing such controllers is known as the method of numerical optimization of the controllers used in the ensemble of systems in which the models of objects are different and the models of controllers are identical. The ensemble uses object models with extreme parameter values. The disadvantages of this method are too many systems that need to be modeled and optimized at the same time if there are several parameters to be changed. In addition, the worst combination of model parameters may not be boundary, but middle, in this case this method is not applicable. This article offers and analyzes an alternative method of designing a robust controller on a numerical example. The essence of this method is the numerical optimization of the regulator for the model with the worst combination of the values of all modifiable parameters. The search for the worst combination of parameters is also carried out using the method of numerical optimization. In this case, a combination of model parameters is found in which the best relation of regulator coefficients gives the worst result of the system. The problem is solved in several optimization cycles with alternating cost functions. The utility of the method is illustrated numerically by an example of a third order dynamic object with a series linked delay element.

Fractional-Order Approximation and Synthesis of a PID Controller for a Buck Converter

In this paper, the approximation of a fractional-order PIDcontroller is proposed to control a DC–DC converter. The synthesis and tuning process of the non-integer PID controller is described step by step. A biquadratic approximation is used to produce a flat phase response in a band-limited frequency spectrum. The proposed method takes into consideration both robustness and desired closed-loop characteristics, keeping the tuning process simple. The transfer function of the fractional-order PID controller and its time domain representation are described and analyzed. The step response of the fractional-order PID approximation shows a faster and stable regulation capacity. The comparison between typical PID controllers and the non-integer PID controller is provided to quantify the regulation speed introduced by the fractional-order PID approximation. Numerical simulations are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the non-integer PID controller.

Parametric synthesis of a robust PID-controller for interval control system with aperiodic transient process

The paper is dedicated to a problem of synthesizing a PID-controller, which provides and aperiodical transient process of desired duration in a control system of the third order with interval parametric uncertainty. To solve the problem, a new method of synthesis was developed. It is based on a decomposing a characteristic polynomial of a considered system in two multipliers: dominant polynomial, which determines allocation of a dominant pole and, consequently, quality of a transient process in a considered system, and non-dominant polynomial, which determines allocation of all other system poles. In order to provide a desired allocation of system poles, parameters of a PID-controller are divided to unrestricted ones and dependent ones. The research resulted in algebraic expressions for calculating dependent parameters of a PID-controller and a system of inequalities for finding its unrestricted parameter. Developed method of a PID-controller parametric synthesis allows placing an interval real dominant pole according to desired control quality and placing all other poles of a system in a desired part of a complex plane to provide necessary degree of a robust pole domination.

Synthesis of Anisotropic Suboptimal PID Controller for Linear Discrete Time-Invariant System with Scalar Control Input and Measured Output

This paper considers the problem of synthesis of a proportional-integral-derivative control law (PID controller) for a linear discrete time-invariant system with scalar control input and measured output operating under influence of the stochastic disturbances with uncertainty described in terms of the mean anisotropy. The closed-loop system abilities to attenuate the disturbances are quantitatively characterized by the anisotropic norm. Sufficient existence conditions for the anisotropic suboptimal controller that stabilizes the closed-loop system and guarantees that its anisotropic norm is strictly bounded by a given threshold value are derived.

Síntesis secuencial de controladores PID basada en el método LQR

The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method is generalized to allow synthesis of PID controllers in MIMO processes. The proposed method is sequentially applied to produce proportional, integral and derivative actions. Three major usages are conceived for the proposed methodology: (i) <<de novo>> design of PID controllers, (ii) addition of derivative action to existing PI controllers and (iii) diagonalization of PID gain matrices. The two last procedures can be applied to controllers designed with different methodologies. The developed method was applied to the <<de novo>> design of a centralized PID controller for a three input-three output distillation column as well as the addition of derivative action to existing both centralized and multiloop PI controllers for a nonlinear CSTR. Proposed LQR method allowed the synthesis of centralized and multiloop PID controllers with better characteristics for set-point tracking, disturbance rejection, limited use of control signal and insensitivity to plant model uncertainty than those reported by other authors.

PID controller synthesis for second-order nonlinear objects

PID controller synthesis for second-order nonlinear objects