Oxide Synthesis Research Articles

Intestinal IL-33 promotes microbiota-derived trimethylamine N -oxide synthesis and drives metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression by exerting dual regulation on HIF-1α.

Gut microbiota plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). IL-33 is highly expressed at mucosal barrier sites and regulates intestinal homeostasis. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of intestinal IL-33 in MASLD. In both humans and mice with MASLD, hepatic expression of IL-33 and its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) showed no significant change compared to controls, while serum soluble ST2 levels in humans, as well as intestinal IL-33 and ST2 expression in mice were significantly increased in MASLD. Deletion of global or intestinal IL-33 in mice alleviated metabolic disorders, inflammation, and fibrosis associated with MASLD by reducing intestinal barrier permeability and rectifying gut microbiota dysbiosis. Transplantation of gut microbiota from IL-33 deficiency mice prevented MASLD progression in wild-type mice. Moreover, IL-33 deficiency resulted in a decrease in the abundance of trimethylamine N -oxide-producing bacteria. Inhibition of trimethylamine N -oxide synthesis by 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol mitigated hepatic oxidative stress in mice with MASLD. Nuclear IL-33 bound to hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and suppressed its activation, directly damaging the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Extracellular IL-33 destroyed the balance of intestinal Th1/Th17 and facilitated Th1 differentiation through the ST2- Hif1a - Tbx21 axis. Knockout of ST2 resulted in a diminished MASLD phenotype resembling that observed in IL-33 deficiency mice. Intestinal IL-33 enhanced gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N -oxide synthesis and aggravated MASLD progression through dual regulation on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Targeting IL-33 and its associated microbiota may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for managing MASLD.

A novel biochar-based 3D composite for ultrafast and selective Cr(VI) removal in electroplating wastewater

In this study, a newly developed composite of biochar-poly(m-phenylenediamine) (BC-PmPD) exhibiting a distinct skeletal structure was synthesized for the purpose of extracting Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. BC was employed as a supportive carrier onto which PmPD nanoparticles were uniformly affixed through in-situ polymerization and oxidation synthesis, both within and outside the layered configuration of BC. The structural stability and morphologies of BC-PmPD were assessed utilizing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, analysis of specific surface area and pore size, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction. In comparison to other modified BCs reported, BC-PmPD exhibited the highest Cr(VI) removal rate. Specifically, at 303 K, BC-PmPD achieved a maximum Cr(VI) removal capacity of 775 mg g−1, surpassing the capabilities of unmodified BC and PmPD by 10.4 and 2.13 times, respectively. Analyses involving XPS, FTIR, and density functional theory calculation confirmed that proton transfer happened between protonated amine (−NH2) functional group within the structure of BC-PmPD and HCrO4− before the formation of hydrogen bond. Subsequently, environmentally persistent free radicals facilitated the reduction of the adsorbed Cr(VI). Quantification of the functional groups indicated that the amino group was responsible for 93.0% of the Cr(VI) adsorption in BC-PmPD. BC-PmPD displayed potent adsorption and reduction capabilities, alongside notable stability, repeatability, and promising potential for application in the remediation for high concentrations of Cr(VI) in electroplating wastewater scenarios.Graphical

Synergizing date palm seeds-derived oxidized activated carbon: Sustainable innovation for enhanced water retention, efficient wastewater treatment, and synthetic dye removal

Herein, this study explores the efficacy of oxidized activated carbon from date palm seeds (OACDS) as a multifaceted solution for sustainable wastewater treatment and water retention improvement. Through oxidation synthesis, OACDS demonstrates exceptional capability in adsorbing contaminants from water sources, offering a promising eco-friendly option for environmental remediation. Batch adsorption experiments highlight the rapid and efficient removal of Rh-6 G dyes, achieving an impressive 88.06% adsorption rate under optimized conditions of pH 6 and a 70-minute contact time. Moreover, OACDS exhibits remarkable adsorption capacities, reaching 91.3% at a 60 mg adsorbent dose and 94.23% at 55°C. Kinetic and adsorption analyses align with PSO and Langmuir models, indicating chemisorption and mono-layered adsorption of Rh-6 G on OACDS. Thermodynamic evaluation suggests the process's spontaneity and endothermic nature. The regeneration experiment revealed a notable 10.9% decrease in the adsorption capacity of OACDS towards Rh-6 G after five cycles. These findings substantiate the reusability and cost-effectiveness of OACDS, underscoring its potential economic advantages. Beyond wastewater treatment, OACDS showcases notable water retention properties, promising for agricultural applications. Its integration into clay and sandy soil enhances water retention capacities, with the clay soil-OACDS mixture displaying a peak of 16.8 mL. The material's rough and porous surface positively impacts water retention in crops, benefiting agricultural yields. Comprehensive characterization analyses using SEM, FTIR, and XRD support OACDS's effectiveness in adsorption, highlighting its amorphous structure and suitability for environmental applications. This study positions OACDS as a comprehensive solution addressing wastewater treatment and water conservation challenges, encouraging further exploration of agricultural byproducts for sustainable environmental solutions.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF FexOy STRUCTURES USING Euterpe oleracea MART EXTRACT FROM THE LEGAL AMAZON, BRAZIL

The synthesis of oxides using plant extracts as precursors has attracted attention as it is an economical, efficient, and ecological route. Euterpe oleracea Mart, available in the Legal Amazon, has great potential due to its composition, rich secondary metabolites. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the potential of aqueous açaí leaf extract as precursors in synthesizing FexOy-type oxides. The synthesis was developed in two stages to obtain the hematite phases (step 1) and the magnetite phase (step 2). The effect of pH on phase formation and structure was evaluated in step 1. Then, the material was obtained in step 2 by precipitation with pH adjustment. The powders were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that pH played a significant role in the thermal behavior, crystallite sizes, and structural parameters of hematite, with neutral or acidic pH being more attractive for obtaining crystallites between 21 and 24 nm. Magnetite with 21.51 nm crystallites was precipitated, indicating possible capping of the Fe3O4 particles and preserving their magnetic characteristics.

Synthesis of MnOOH and its application in a supporting hexagonal Pd/C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.

With the expansion of global energy problems and the deepening of research on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, the development of low cost and high electrocatalytic performance catalysts has become a research hotspot. In this study, a hexagonal Pd-C-MnOOH composite catalyst was prepared by using the triblock copolymer P123 as the reducing agent and protective agent, sucrose as the carbon source and self-made MnOOH as the carrier under hydrothermal conditions. When the Pd load is 20% and the C/MnOOH ratio is 1 : 1, the 20% Pd-C-MnOOH-1 : 1 catalyst obtained by the one-step method has the highest ORR activity and stability in the alkaline system. At 1600 rpm, the limiting diffusion current density and half-wave potential of the 20% Pd-C-MnOOH-1 : 1 electrocatalyst are -4.78 mA cm-2 and 0.84 V, respectively, which are better than those of the commercial 20%Pd/C catalyst. According to the Koutecky-Levich (K-L) equation and the linear fitting results, the electron transfer number of the 20%Pd-C-MnOOH-1 : 1 electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction is 3.8, which is similar to that of a 4-electron process. After 1000 cycles, the limiting diffusion current density of the 20%Pd-C-MnOOH-1 : 1 catalyst is -4.61 mA cm-2, which only decreases by 3.7%, indicating that the 20%Pd-C-MnOOH-1 : 1 catalyst has good stability. The reason for the improvement of the ORR performance of the Pd-C-MnOOH composite catalyst is the improvement of the conductivity of the carbon layer formed by original carbonization, the regular hexagonal highly active Pd particles and the synergistic catalytic effect between Pd and MnOOH. The method of introducing triblock copolymers in the synthesis of oxides and metal-oxide composite catalysts is expected to be extended to other electrocatalysis fields.

Oxidative Cyclization of Oximes with Propargyl Alcohols toward Functionalized Isoquinoline N‐Oxides Synthesis

AbstractAn efficient and regioselective synthesis of various functionalized isoquinoline N‐oxides has been realized by Rh(III)‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of aryl oximes with tertiary propargyl alcohols. The current protocol features readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance.

Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Manganese Ternary Transition Metal Oxide from Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate as a Precursor to NCM811

Sustainable green new and renewable energy is continuously developed along with the development of cheap and commercially available secondary energy storage such as Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Nickel-rich cathode material obtained from cheap raw materials can significantly reduce the overall LIBs production cost and improve the overall process feasibility. For the first time, Ni-rich cathode material precursor was synthesized from mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP). Based on MHP characterization test, the nickel content is high but have slight Mn and Mg level. NCM precursors was prepared in three facile steps, i.e., acid leaching using cheap and environmentally friendly organic acids, coprecipitation using oxalic acid, and thermal decomposition of as-prepared oxalate precipitate. Based on FTIR and XRD analysis, high crystalline oxalate dihydrate precipitates were successfully obtained. The morphological feature of the precipitate is significantly affected by the type of leaching solution. Fine metal oxides precursor powders also were successfully prepared which is confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis and can be readily used for Ni-rich cathode material preparation. In this study, NCM-Ox-LA have the best characteristic properties.

Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Nano-Zinc Oxide and Its Photocatalytic Property.

To solve the problem of liquid-phase synthesis of nano-ZnO, a photocatalytic performance study was proposed. In this study, the microwave homogeneous precipitation method was used to add different types and amounts of surfactants. The synthesis of nano-zinc oxide was controlled by changing the reaction system conditions. The photocatalytic properties of nano-zinc oxide for degrading three water-soluble dyes were preliminarily studied and discussed. The results show that the photocatalytic performance of nano-ZnO is closely related to its size, morphology, specific surface area, and even crystallographic direction.

Abstract LB126: Functional limitations in respiratory complex I underlie mitochondrial bioenergetics in human colorectal adenocarcinoma

Abstract Typified by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria catalyze a wide variety of cellular processes now understood to be critical for malignant growth. As such, there is considerable interest in targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS in cancer. The present project was based on the premise that the development of efficacious mitochondrial-targeted anti-cancer compounds requires answering two fundamental questions: 1) is mitochondrial bioenergetics in fact different between cancer and non-cancer cells? and 2) If so, what are the underlying mechanisms? To address these questions, we developed a methodological workflow designed to integrate in vitro functional readouts of mitochondrial flux with mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. This allowed us to directly quantitate both total respiratory capacity and OXPHOS kinetics on a per mitochondrion basis. Experiments were performed in isolated mitochondria prepared from freshly resected human colorectal adenocarcinomas (COAD). Relative to adjacent normal colonic mucosa, tumor mitochondria consistently presented with partial disruptions in respiratory complex I (CI). Surprisingly, CI functional limitations did not impair absolute oxidative flux. Instead, the tumor mitochondrial network displayed clear evidence of intrinsic remodeling. Such remodeling maintained respiratory competence at the expense of decreased oxidative ATP synthesis (i.e., OXPHOS inefficiency or increased ‘uncoupling’). Given recent findings demonstrating that mitochondrial OXPHOS is dispensable for tumor growth, our data raise the intriguing possibility that the requirement for mitochondria in COAD may have little to do with oxidative ATP production, but instead reflect a requirement for accelerated mitochondrial flux to support other aspects of anabolic growth (e.g., extracellular nutrient uptake, NAD+ regeneration, nucleotide synthesis). In this respect, rather than functioning as energy producers, COAD mitochondria may primarily function as ‘energy sinks’. Citation Format: Ilya Boykov, McLane M. Montgomery, James T. Hagen, Hannah S. Coalson, Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman. Functional limitations in respiratory complex I underlie mitochondrial bioenergetics in human colorectal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB126.

245-OR: Age and Diabetes Interact to Decrease Muscle Mitochondrial Function

People with T2D have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than those without diabetes contributing to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. People with T2D have impaired oxidative flux associated with lower CRF. Yet, reports on muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in T2D are mixed. As diabetes duration and age are predictors of poor outcomes, we hypothesized that T2D and increased age associate with impaired mitochondrial function. We assessed post-exercise calf mitochondrial function in overweight sedentary participants (45 with and 54 without T2D) ages 30-50 and 51-70y. Mitochondrial function was measured in vivo by 31Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) before, during and after 90 seconds of isotonic calf press at 70% maximal force and ex vivo by mitochondrial respiration in muscle fibers using the Oroboros Oxygraph-2k. There was no significant effect of age or T2D on ex vivo measures. MRS-measured phosphocreatine synthesis, apparent maximum rate of oxidative ATP synthesis and ADP time constant were worse in those with T2D or age >50 (Figure) . Age and T2D interact to significantly decrease apparent maximum rate of oxidative ATP synthesis. These data suggest that age and T2D decrease in vivo oxidative capacity. Given that impairment is only found in in vivo mitochondrial measures, factors such as micro- and macrovascular function and blood flow, combined with cardiac function, are likely implicated. Disclosure L.Abushamat: None. J.G.Regensteiner: None. R.L.Scalzo: None. D.Ramirez: None. I.E.Schauer: None. L.Knaub: None. E.Clark: None. Y.Garcia reyes: None. M.Cree-green: None. J.Reusch: Advisory Panel; Medtronic. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-21-CMF-003) (1-12-CT-64) ; Department of Veterans Affairs (BX002046, CX001532)

Features of Copper(II) Oxide Synthesis in Combustion Reactions with Glycine and Citric Acid

Features of Copper(II) Oxide Synthesis in Combustion Reactions with Glycine and Citric Acid

97-LB: The DERMIS Study—Preliminary Evaluation of Skin Changes at Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) Sites in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Background: CSII is used with increased frequency; however, there are no studies evaluating human skin histology related to its use. Objectives: 1) to investigate the skin histology and metabolite changes at CSII sites and 2) associate possible changes with clinical characteristics in a cohort of patients with T1D. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study which included individuals with T1D using CSII. Skin and blood samples in addition to clinical data were collected. Histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) , and metabolomic analyses were performed using skin biopsies from three sites: 1) current 2) recent and 3) never used site (control) for CSII. Results: A total of 30 participants were enrolled in the study (age 48.3 ± 17.9 years, female 66.7%, diabetes duration 30.4 ± 16.0 years, insulin pump use 15.7 ± 11.7 years, BMI 25.3 ± 3.4 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.66 ± 0.79%, mean glucose from CGM 150.7 ± 26.4 mg/dL, coefficient of variation 31.2 ± 4.4%, insulin dose 0.53 ± 0.17 IU/kg) . Histologic data showed a significant increase in inflammation, fibrin, fat necrosis, vascularity, eosinophils, and IHC staining of IGF-1 and TGFβ3 at both CSII sites compared to control sites (all p<0.001) . Targeted tissue analysis demonstrated an increase in critical metabolites at current sites compared to control, including histamine (p=0.013) , uracil (p<0.001) , and a trend in UDP-GlcNAc (p=0.063) . Inflammation is positively correlated with insulin dose (p=0.005) , in addition to mean glucose (p<0.01) and coefficient of variation (p<0.01) from the CGM. Conclusion: Biologic changes were observed in skin histology and metabolites at CSII sites that may be associated with inflammation, oxidative stress response, protein synthesis and wound healing. These could have a clinical impact on insulin availability and diabetes control. Disclosure J. D. Baran: n/a. D. Khakpour: None. A. Kalus: None. M. Shinohara: Other Relationship; Aztex, Cabaletta Bio, Elorac. X. Dong: None. D. S. Hippe: Research Support; Canon America Medical Systems, GE Healthcare Systems, Philips Healthcare. I. B. Hirsch: Consultant; Abbott Diabetes, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., GWave, Roche Diabetes Care, Research Support; Beta Bionics, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic. Funding Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust

Assessment of antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and antiviral impact of a green zinc oxide/activated carbon nanocomposite

This work deals with the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles/activated carbon (ZnO NPs/AC) nanocomposites with different weight ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3), where the antimicrobial, antiviral, and cytotoxicity impact of the formulated nanocomposites were evaluated versus the crude ZnO and AC samples. The formula (3:1; designated Z3C1) exhibited the utmost bactericidal effect against Gram positive group, unicellular and filamentous fungi. Regarding Gram negative group, the sample (Z3C1) was remarkably effective against Klebsiella pneumonia, unlike the case of Escherichia coli. Moreover, the whole samples showed negligible cytotoxicity against the human WI38 cell line, where the most brutality (4%) was exerted by 1000 µg/mL of the formula (Z1C3). Whilst, the formula (Z3C1) exerted the apical inhibition impact against Herpes simplex (HSV1) virus. Consequently, the synthesized (Z3C1) nanocomposite was sorted out to be fully characterized via different physicochemical techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, Zeta potential, TGA, and BET. XRD indicated a predominance of the crystalline pattern of ZnO NPs over the amorphous AC, while the FTIR chart confirmed an immense combination between the ZnO NPs and AC. SEM, TEM, and size distribution images illustrated that the fabricated ZnO NPs/AC was in the nanoscale size swung from 30 to 70 nm. The distinctive surface area of composite material, recording 66.27 m2/g, clearly disclosed its bioactivity toward different bacterial, fungal, and virus species.

Biomass Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for the Decolorization of Rhodamine B under Visible Light

The synthesis of zinc oxide and nano-composite ZnO/TiO2 was successfully prepared using lignin extracted from an oil palm empty fruit bunch. The synthesized materials i.e. zinc oxide and nano-composite ZnO/TiO2 were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystalline nature of ZnO and ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite is indicated by XRD analysis and SEM images. The result of UV–vis spectrophotometry shows the red shift occurred in the case of ZnO/TiO2 composite. The nano range of the particles was demonstrated by the TEM images. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposite ZnO/TiO2 was tested and compared to ZnO for the decolorization of rhodamine B. The decolorization results indicate that ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite showed better photocatalytic activity under visible light than ZnO as well as TiO2.

Synthesis of Lithium Silicon Vanadium Oxide by Solid-State Reaction with Microwave-Assisted Method and Electrochemical Characterization

In this research, the synthesis of lithium silicon vanadium pentaoxide compounds is performed by the solid-state reaction and heated by a microwave. This combines the advantages of a solid-state reaction and the microwave method. The precursors were lithium nitrate, vanadium pentaoxide, and silica from rice husk ash. The conditions were studied according to grinding time and microwave heating. Each condition was examined for electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry. The grinding time at 6 hr and heating at 600 W for 5 min provided the highest specific capacitance of 376 F g −1. The product morphology was determined to be irregular in shape by scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results identify that the product was Li3.6Si0.6V0.4O4. X-ray absorption near edge structure technique found the oxidation of vanadium was V4+ and V5+. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy exhibited the bonds of Si − O, Li − O, V − O − V, V = O and Si − O−Si.

Synthesis of Oxide, Nitride, and Oxynitride Materials of Micro- and Nano-Sizes Based on Al/AlN and Al/Si3N4 Powders

Synthesis of Oxide, Nitride, and Oxynitride Materials of Micro- and Nano-Sizes Based on Al/AlN and Al/Si3N4 Powders

The Mechanism of One‐Step Synthesis of Oxides from Metal Chlorides and Their Electrocatalytic HER Study

AbstractIt is well known that a layered structure can improve charge transfer and is a favorable catalyst material. Most of them are metal oxides, and some metal hydroxides and carbonates have also been proved to have good catalytic performance. Generally, the preparation method is to prepare the precursor and then calcinate them to get metal oxides. Through literature review and repeated experiments, it is found that cationic membrane electrosynthesis with CeCl3·7H2O as a raw material may be able to prepare metal oxides in one step. Furthermore, whether Fe, which is also a variable metal, can also form metal oxides in one step is investigated. Therefore, in this study, CeO2, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3 nanomaterials with the hierarchical structure are prepared by cationic membrane electrolytic synthesis at room temperature. The composition and microstructure of the nanomaterials are studied using XRD, FTIR, XPS, and SEM. Finally, the electrochemical hydrogen evolution performance of the samples is simply tested.

Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Oxide - Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Using Ammonia for Supercapacitor

In this work, we have prepared a nanocomposite of NiCo2O4 and reduced graphene oxide (NC-RGO) by the hydrothermal synthesis technique using ammonia as the reducing agent. We have used ammonia solution as the reducing agent for GO reduction in aqueous solvent as it is more environmentally friendly in comparison to hydrazine hydrate or other poisonous reducing agents. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the prepared precursor has been done to find the decomposition temperature. X-ray diffraction has been done to verify the phases present in the material. The optical properties have also been studied by UV-Vis and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge curves in two electrolytic solutions (1 M Na2SO4 and 1 M KOH aqueous solutions). It has been observed that a higher value of energy density has been obtained in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolytic solution than in 1 M KOH aqueous solution.The Work presented in this article is related to sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world regarding affordable and clean energy.

2D Covalent Interaction of Aminophenol Functionalized Graphene Oxide

The versatile applications of graphene oxide and its derivatives have attracted scientists to do keen research in the field of functionalized graphene oxide. Herein we report the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with 2,4-diaminophenol (2,4-DAP). This reaction is refluxing at 60oC for 18 hrs under the solvent of dimethylformamide (DMF). The graphene oxide is synthesized from graphite by modified hummer’s method. The developed product is subjected to X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results are revealing that the successful intercalation of amine group and GO to form GO-2,4-DAP product.

A Green and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using the Aqueous Extracts of Artabotrys Hexapetalus and Bauhinia Tomentosa as a Reducing Agent

Synthesis of r-Graphene oxide from GO by reduction using plant extracts as a green reducing agent is nowadays carried out to avoid the impact of toxic, harmful chemicals on the environment. In this context, this present investigation an eco-friendly, non-toxic, and green reducing agents of namely leaf extracts of Artabotrys hexapetalus and Bauhinia tomentosa was used to convert the Graphene oxide (GO) to Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO). The synthesized GO and RGO were characterized through UV–Visible spectroscopy,Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 3D optical profilometer, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Zeta potential analysis. UV-visible, FT-IR, and XRD results showed the partial removal of oxygen containing groups from the GO and the formation of RGO. Reduction of GO and the formation of RGO was confirmed by the increasing carbon ratio and decreasing oxygen ratio in the results of EDX analysis. SEM results clearly indicated the formation of multiple layers of RGO. Thermal stability of the synthesized RGO was analyzed by Thermo gravimetric study. Surface charge characteristics of GO and RGO were analyzed by zeta potential measurement. All these results confirmed the inexpensive and eco-friendly synthesis of RGO.