Synthesis Of New Surfactants Research Articles

Binary mixture of ionic liquid and span 80 for oil spill remediation: Synthesis and performance evaluation

The synthesis of new surfactants helps to mitigate the environmental and financial effects of oil spills by providing efficient cleanup options. Herein, this study provides the development of a binary mixture of Span 80 and Choline myristate [Cho][Mys], a surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL) as green dispersant for oil spill remediation. The synergistic interaction at a 60:40 (w/w) ratio significantly lowered the critical micelle concentration (cmc) to 0.029 mM. Dispersion efficiency tests with Arab crude oil showed optimal performance at a 60:40 ratio of Span 80 and [Cho][Mys] (1:25 dispersant to oil ratio, v/v), achieving 81.16 % dispersion effectiveness in the baffled flask test. The binary mixture demonstrated superior emulsion stability (6 h) and the lowest interfacial tension (1.12 mN/m). Acute toxicity experiments revealed the dispersant's practical non-toxicity with an LC50 value of 600 mg/L. Overall, this environmentally benign surfactant combination shows promise as a safe and effective oil spill dispersant.

Novel Nonylphenol Polyethoxylated Based Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery for High-Mineralization Carbonate Reservoir

Surfactant flooding can mobilize trapped oil and change the wettability of the rock to be more hydrophilic, which increases the oil recovery factor. However, the selection of surfactants is difficult in the case of high salinity conditions. In this work, we synthesized three novel anionic-nonionic surfactants based on widely used nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylated (NPEO) and evaluated their efficiencies for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in high salinity water (20% NaCl). The modified surfactants showed a decrease in interfacial tension (IFT) up to 10 times compared with the nonionic precursor. All surfactants had changed the wettability of rock to be more hydrophilic according to contact angle measurements. The effectiveness of surfactants was proved by spontaneous imbibition experiments, in which the synthesized surfactants showed a better displacement efficiency and increased oil production by 1.5–2 times. Filtration experiments showed an increase in oil recovery factor by 2–2.5 times in comparison with the nonionic NPEO. These promising results prove that the synthesis of new surfactants by modifying NPEO is successful and indicate that these novel surfactants have a great potential for EOR in high salinity reservoirs.

Synthesis of New Surfactants from Lauramidopropyl Betaine and Surface Activity Evaluation

The ampholytic surfactant lauramidopropyl betaine (LAB) has excellent properties and very low irritation. It has good compatibility and can be used together with cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants. In this paper, new surfactants were synthesized by using LAB as the main component and the molar ratios of LAB to formaldehyde were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. The new functional group hydroxymethyl was introduced into the LAB, and the effect of hydroxymethyl on the properties of raw materials was discussed. And the surface properties were studied, including surface tension, critical micelle concentration and foaming ability. Finally, it can be concluded that the introduction of methylol groups improves the performance of the prepared new surfactants in certain properties.

Synthesis and properties of antioxidant amphiphilic ascorbate salts

Synthesis of new surfactants with antioxidant properties was carried out from ascorbic acid and different fatty amines. Characterization of physicochemical properties of these new compounds indicated a classical behavior of cationic surfactants. Antioxidant properties, estimated using methyl linoleate oxidation inhibition and DPPH methods, were close to that of ascorbic acid tested in the same conditions. These compounds were investigated in the formulation of wood preservation mixtures containing propiconazole, a widely used fungicide, and compared to the formulation obtained with an industrial nonionic surfactant. Biological tests were carried out under laboratory conditions to evaluate the ability of these formulations to protect beech wood blocks exposed to Coriolus versicolor, a white rot fungus. Results indicated that using aqueous formulation of propiconazole allows reducing the quantity of biocide compared to solutions of the same concentrations in ethanol. Protection achieved with antioxidant surfactant was slightly superior to that obtained with conventional surfactant.

Synthesis of cyclic acetals (ketals) from oleochemicals using a solvent free method

The reaction selectivities of acid catalyzed ring opening reactions of epoxidized methyl oleate (methyl 9,10-epoxy stearate; EMO), to form either ketal (acetal) or branched ester products have been studied. We have produced methyl 9-(2-butyl-2-methyl-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) nonanoate (hexanone methyl stearate acetal, HMSA), an oleochemically based ketal (acetal), in 83% isolated yield; from epoxidized methyl oleate and 2-hexanone. Utilizing our reaction chemistry, we have also been able to demonstrate the relative selectivities, in competitive experiments, by reacting EMO with 2-pentanone and octanoic acid. Finally, by controlling temperature and acid concentration, we were able to control the product distribution of the reaction of EMO with the bi-functional levulinic acid. Either the ketal (acetal), or the branched ester product could be favored. This research may help lead to the formation of new hydrophobic molecules for the synthesis of new surfactants from oleochemicals.

New Ethoxylated Inositol Surfactant

Carbohydrates are an attractive class of starting materials for organic syntheses because they are of natural origin, environmentally friendly, and highly functionalized, in this way promoting a sustainable chemistry. A somewhat exotic but nevertheless readily available family of carbohydrates allowing a fascinating chemistry are inositols (cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexols), which we currently use for the synthesis of new surfactants. In our previous work, we reported on the synthesis of a number of new regiochemically defined myo-inositol ethers and esters and studied their surface activity in aqueous solution as well as their ability to form thermotropic liquid crystals. It turned out that the hydrophilicity of the myo-inositol head group alone does not ensure sufficient water solubility of these surfactants. To improve the water solubility, we increased the inositol head group by the introduction of a tri(ethylene oxide) unit. The resulting surfactant is the first representative of a new class of inositol-based surfactants (CiEjIk) that combine the properties of classical sugar surfactants (CnGm) and oligo(ethylene oxide) alkyl ether surfactants (CiEj).

ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Reaction of Unprotected Sugars with Urethane N‐Carboxyanhydrides for the Synthesis of New Surfactants.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

CHEMOENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF SURFACTANTS FROM CARBOHYDRATES, AMINO ACIDS, AND FATTY ACIDS

The chemoenzymatic synthesis of new surfactants is reported; they were prepared from unprotected carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids. This study pointed out the factors that govern the possibility to enzymatically bind the carbohydrate to the amino acid.

ChemInform Abstract: Anomeric O‐Alkylation. Part 14. Cyclic Sulfates as Alkylating Agents in Anomeric O‐Alkylation of Glucose ‐ Synthesis of New Surfactants.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Cyclic Sulfates as Alkylating Agents in Anomeric O-Alkylation of Glucose - Synthesis of New Surfactants

Cyclic Sulfates as Alkylating Agents in Anomeric O-Alkylation of Glucose - Synthesis of New Surfactants

Synthesis of new surfactants from alkylated naphthols

Synthesis of new surfactants from alkylated naphthols