Synthesis Of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles Research Articles

Biological synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles from aerial parts of Prunus dulcis and their in vitro investigation of medical properties

The field of functional nanohybrid material is an emerging research area in material science due to its vast range of applications. The use of novel technology and innovative therapeutics has led to potent applications, including controlling the size of nanoparticles (NPs). This has resulted in a novel report on the synthesis of manganese oxide NPs using aerial parts of queen of roses Prunus dulcis (almond) leaves, seed, and seed oil (using Clevenger apparatus), which functions as a reducing agent. Manganese sulfate was used as a precursor in the synthesis process. The synthesized nanohybrid Mn3O4 NPs were studied using different characteristics techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photoluminescence spectra display the blue emission ranging from 483.2 to 486.5 nm. The biosynthesized Mn3O4 NPs were tested for bactericidal activity and showed tremendous inhibition against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. The antioxidant activity of Mn3O4 NPs was enhanced using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, which revealed the higher activity of Mn3O4 NPs from P. dulcis leaf extract. In vitro cytotoxicity of hybrid Mn3O4 NPs was examined using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against cervical cancer (HeLa cell line) with different concentrations. The results showed an IC50 value of 61.97 μg mL−1 for Mn3O4 NPs from P. dulcis leaf extract. In general, the phytosynthetic route with synergistic effect of nanohybrid demonstrated an interaction with cancer cells, highlighting a pioneering optimum approach in synthesis of Mn3O4 NPs from aerial parts of P. dulcis.

Surfactant Free Synthesis of Mn3o4 Nanoparticles Embedded on Nano Rods as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application

Surfactant Free Synthesis of Mn3o4 Nanoparticles Embedded on Nano Rods as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application

Production of Mn3O4 nanoparticles from a manganiferous iron ore via reductive leaching, precipitation, and calcination

The synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles from a manganiferous iron ore through reductive leaching, precipitation, and calcination was investigated. The reductive leaching results showed that Mn (99.9%) was almost completely extracted into the leaching solution along with a substantial amount of Mg (99.9%), Al (99.5%), Ca (80%), and Fe (22.9%) under the following conditions: 30 g/L tartaric acid as a reducing agent, 1 M HCl solution, leaching temperature of 90 °C, and leaching duration of 3 h. In the first precipitation step, Fe and Al were expelled from the pregnant leach solution by the addition of NaOH prior to conducting the precipitation experiments for the production of manganese carbonate (MnCO3) particles from the purified solution. In the second precipitation step, MnCO3 particles were produced using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the precipitating agent. The effects of parameters such as reaction temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and experimental duration were investigated using the Taguchi approach. Manganse(II) was precipitated in the form of MnCO3 particles (97.4%) under the following conditions: a temperature of 30 °C, Na2CO3 concentration of 0.014 mol/L, and duration of 30 min. The precipitate was observed to have a structure similar to that of rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses were subsequently performed in three different atmospheres (air, oxygen, and nitrogen) to select a suitable atmosphere for calcination. The experimental results indicated the formation of hausmannite (Mn3O4) with a purity of 97.5% Mn3O4, 0.42% MgO, 1.66% CaO, and 0.34% FeO. The specific surface area, particle size, Curie temperature, magnetisation, coercivity, and remanence ratio of the final product obtained via 3 h of calcination at 350 °C were estimated to be 133.3 m2/g, <142.2 nm, 56 K, 10.10 Am2/kg, 0.35 T, and 0.19, respectively. The characterisation results revealed the excellent low-temperature ferromagnetic properties of the produced Mn3O4 nanoparticles.

Synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles and its effective utilization as high-performance of supercapacitor

In the present study, MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by simple facile hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical behaviour of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD, SEM/EDX and CV. XRD confessed that the tetragonal structure of bare MnO2. The crystallite size of MnO2 nanoparticles obtained at MnCl2: KMnO4 (0.5: 0.4 M) was found to be 9.2 nm. The nanorod structures of the synthesised MnO2 nanoparticles were revealed by morphological studies. The electrochemical behaviour of nanorod like MnO2 nanoparticles showed a specific capacitance of 91 Fg−1 at lower scan rate of 10 mV s−1.

Synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles via microwave combustion route for electrochemical energy storage application

Abstract In the present article, the synthesis of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) have been achieved by microwave assisted combustion method, which was further investigated for an electrode material in supercapacitors. The as-synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques like powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV–Visible spectroscopy etc. XRD pattern reveals a crystalline, tetragonal phase of Mn3O4 (hausmannite) nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 28.08 nm. SEM image shows that the Mn3O4 nanoparticles are present as spongy aggregates. From Tauc plot, the band gap of the material was found to be around 1.97 eV, which is suitable for energy storage (supercapacitor) application. Investigation on the electrochemical properties of Mn3O4 nanoparticles were carried out by using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic/ potentiostatic charge-discharge studies. The results signify that the obtained Mn3O4 nanoparticles can be used as a potential electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Synthesis and Characterization of CuMnOx-Bentonite as Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of m-xylene

Catalytic oxidation of organic volatile compounds (VOCs) is considered superior to conventional methods because very low concentration of VOCs can also be oxidized and removed at low temperatures without consumption of addditional fuel and introduction of NOx compounds into the environment. Herein, the synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles on bentonite (Bent) support in the presence of CuO for catalytic oxidation of m-xylene is reported. The synthesized materials were analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, and TEM analysis for structural and morphological characterization. XRD and TEM analysis indicated the formation of δ-MnO2 with sheet structure on Bent surface. Temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) of hydrogen was used to investigate catalytic performance of δ-MnO2 towards oxidation of m-xylene at different temperatures. The catalytic activity was strongly dependent on the δ-MnO2 content in the synthesized material. 100 % oxidation of m-xylene with observed with 10% Mn content at temperature below than 325 oC. Intersetingly introduction of CuO greatly improved the catalytic activity of Mn-Bent materials. The presence of Cu in Mn-Bent has greatly reduced the temperature for complete oxidation of m-xylene. In this case100% conversion of m-xylene was observed at 250 oC.

Synthesis and Characterization of CuMnOx-Bentonite as Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of m-xylene

Catalytic oxidation of organic volatile compounds (VOCs) is considered superior to conventional methods because very low concentration of VOCs can also be oxidized and removed at low temperatures without consumption of addditional fuel and introduction of NOx compounds into the environment. Herein, the synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles on bentonite (Bent) support in the presence of CuO for catalytic oxidation of m-xylene is reported. The synthesized materials were analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, and TEM analysis for structural and morphological characterization. XRD and TEM analysis indicated the formation of δ-MnO2 with sheet structure on Bent surface. Temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) of hydrogen was used to investigate catalytic performance of δ-MnO2 towards oxidation of m-xylene at different temperatures. The catalytic activity was strongly dependent on the δ-MnO2 content in the synthesized material. 100 % oxidation of m-xylene with observed with 10% Mn content at temperature below than 325 oC. Intersetingly introduction of CuO greatly improved the catalytic activity of Mn-Bent materials. The presence of Cu in Mn-Bent has greatly reduced the temperature for complete oxidation of m-xylene. In this case100% conversion of m-xylene was observed at 250 oC.

Green synthesis and characterization of manganese oxide nanoparticles from Gardenia resinifera leaves

Gardenia resinifera is used in several traditional medicines. The present study was aimed to the synthesis and characterization of MnO2 nanoparticles from G. resinifera leaf extract. Synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles was achieved by mixing manganese acetate with hot aqueous extract of G. resinifera dry leaves. The synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, PSA, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDAX, and HR-TEM analysis. The results of the above-mentioned studies indicated that the synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles are 17–35 nm and spherical in shape. The results of FT-IR study shows the presence of different functional groups that may exhibit various biological activities. The synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles harbor significant antimicrobial activity.

Preparation of Hierarchic Porous Films of α-MnO2 Nanoparticles by Using the Breath Figure Technique and Application for Hybrid Capacitor Electrodes.

The honeycomb-structured film has advantages such as high wettability and high surface area. This structure and properties are suitable for the capacitor electrode. In this study, the electrode structure is controlled by the synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles using the breath figure method. The electrode performance was calculated by electrochemical measurements. As a result, the capacitance value was 100.5 F/g at 1 mV s–1, which was improved 2.7 times as compared with that without structure control.

In Situ Synthesis of Mn3 O4 Nanoparticles on Hollow Carbon Nanofiber as High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anode.

The practical applications of Mn3 O4 in lithium-ion batteries are greatly hindered by fast capacity decay and poor rate performance as a result of significant volume changes and low electrical conductivity. It is believed that the synthesis of nanoscale Mn3 O4 combined with carbonaceous matrix will lead to a better electrochemical performance. Herein, a convenient route for the synthesis of Mn3 O4 nanoparticles grown in situ on hollow carbon nanofiber (denoted as HCF/Mn3 O4 ) is reported. The small size of Mn3 O4 particles combined with HCF can significantly alleviate volume changes and electrical conductivity; the strong chemical interactions between HCF and Mn3 O4 would improve the reversibility of the conversion reaction for MnO into Mn3 O4 and accelerate charge transfer. These features endow the HCF/Mn3 O4 composite with superior cycling stability and rate performance if used as the anode for lithium-ion batteries. The composite delivers a high discharge capacity of 835 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g-1 , and 652 mA h g-1 after 240 cycles at 1000 mA g-1 . Even at 2000 mA g-1 , it still shows a high capacity of 528 mA h g-1 . The facile synthetic method and outstanding electrochemical performance of the as-prepared HCF/Mn3 O4 composite make it a promising candidate for a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

Synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles via a facile gel formation route and study of their phase and structural transformation with distinct surface morphology upon heat treatment

Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from the reduction of KMnO4 with glycerol at 80°C in aqueous media via a gel formation route. In order to investigate the thermal stability and phase transformation, Mn3O4 NPs were subjected to heat treatment from 200°C to 700°C. The formation of different MnOx species observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed temperature dependent phase transformation occurring during the heat treatment process. XRD patterns showed that Mn3O4 NPs were formed at a temperature of 80°C and two new phases Mn5O8 and Mn2O3 were appeared at 350°C and 700°C respectively. The three different oxides having their distinct surface morphologies viz., spherical, rod and cube shape respectively, were observed. Detailed morphological and structural investigations using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), XRD, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed the temperature dependent phases, crystal structures, lattice constants, particle sizes and surface morphologies of the MnOx species.

Synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles with different morphologies and application for improving the fire safety of epoxy

MnO2 exhibits excellent catalysis properties, which is expected to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin. In this work, MnO2 particles with different morphologies and different crystalline structures were used to reduce the fire hazards of epoxy resin. TEM ultrathin observation results indicated that nanorods and nanosheets were well dispersed in epoxy matrix. Moreover, α-nanosheets improved the thermal stability of epoxy composites, performing better than β-nanorods and α-nanospheres. The combustion performance investigated by cone calorimeter showed that α-nanosheets based composites exhibited the lowest peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate and total smoke production values. TG-IR results indicated that α-nanosheets performed the best to inhibit the permeation of volatile gases. The reason is probably due to the synergistic effect by physical insulting effect and catalytic charring of the layered structure.

Synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles via chemical precipitation approach for supercapacitor application

A simple chemical precipitation method has been used for the preparation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles at room temperature. The crystal structure and morphology studies of the resulting Mn3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical properties of the Mn3O4 nanoparticles were then investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The supercapacitive properties of Mn3O4 nanoparticles in the presence of 1M Na2SO4 exhibited a high specific capacitance of 322Fg−1 at a current density of 0.5mAcm−2 in the potential range from −0.1 to +0.9V and about 77% of the initial capacitance was retained after 1000 cycles, indicating that the Mn3O4 electrode owns a good electrochemical stability and capacitance retention capability. The results suggest that the obtained Mn3O4 nanoparticles is a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles from sonochemical reduction of MnO4− in water under different pH conditions

MnO2 was synthesized by sonochemical reduction of MnO4− in water under Ar atmosphere at 20°C, where the effects of solution pH on the reduction of MnO4− were investigated. The obtained XRD results showed that poor crystallinity δ-MnO2 was formed at pH 2.2, 6.0 and 9.3. When solution pH was increased from 2.2 to 9.3, the morphologies of δ-MnO2 changed from aggregated sheet-like or needle-like structures to spherical nanoparticles and finally to cubic or polyhedron nanoparticles. After further irradiation, MnO2 was readily reduced to Mn2+. It was confirmed that H2O2 and H atoms formed in the sonolysis of water acted as reductants for both reduction for MnO4− to MnO2 and MnO2 to Mn2+. The optimum irradiation time for the effective synthesis of MnO2 was 13min at pH 2.2, 9min at pH 6.0, 8min at pH 9.3, respectively.

MnO2 Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalyst in Fuel Cells

An easy method of mechano-milling is proposed for the synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles. The size of the particles can be controlled and tuned as a function of milling time. These MnO2 nanoparticles have been used as a catalyst in biological fuel cells in place of commonly used expensive Pt-catalyst. The performance of microbial fuel cells assembled using electrodes based on MnO2 nanoparticles is compared with those assembled using the common electrode material i.e., graphite. Appreciable increase in power density values is observed by the use of MnO2 based electrodes. Power density of ∼ 310 mW m −2 could be obtained using MnO2 based electrodes as compared to ∼ 250 mW m −2 obtained using pure graphite electrodes. Suitable explanations are given to explain the observed increase in power density values. Generally, the loss in power densities as a function of operating time is associated with electrode degradation. The paper emphasizes the need of investigating the effect of membrane surface modifications/degradation in determining the loss of power densities in microbial fuel cells.

Synthesis of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles with Controlled Morphology Using Ionic Liquid

Mn3O4 Nanoparticles were synthesized from Mn(OAc)2 by hydrothermal method in water in the presence and absence of ionic liquids (ILs) as template for controlling the size and the shape of nanoparticles. In order to produce nanoparticles which are more similar and uniform in distribution and morphology, ionic liquids have been used. The ionic liquid [BMIm][Cl] caused more uniform nanoparticles as well as small nanoparticles. Structural characterizations revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were of tetragonal Mn3O4 structure and that they were uniform in the presence of ionic liquid. Keywords: Mn3O4, nanomaterials, ionic liquid, metal oxide nanoparticles, morphology, tetragonal, corrosion-inhibiting pigment

PEG-Assisted Synthesis of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles: A Structural and Magnetic Study

We report on the synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles via a polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-assisted hydrothermal route. Crystalline phase was identified as Mn3O4. The crystallite size from X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern and particle size from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs were calculated as 23 ± 1 nm and 24.5 ± 0.5 nm, respectively. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit mainly tetragonal and spherical morphologies. Magnetic characteristics of Mn3O4 NPs were evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) in the temperature range of 24–294 K and the Curie temperature was observed as 43 K. Also the magnetic phases that occur in nanosize Mn3O4 are detected below Tc by this method. The room-temperature paramagnetic characteristic are verified by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).

The effect of neutralizing agent on the synthesis and characterization of Mn3O4 nanoparticles

We report on the synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles via a two-step hydrothermal route by using Mn(CH3COO)(2) as the only starting material and TMAOH and NaOH as hydrolysing agents. XRD and FT-IR anal ...

Sonochemical synthesis and chracterization of Mn3O4 nanoparticles

Abstract We report on the synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using a novel sonochemical method without requiring any pH adjustment. Synthesized material was identified as tetragonal hausmannite crystal structure model of Mn3O4 from XRD analysis. Crystallite size was estimated from x-ray line profile fitting to be 17±5 nm. FTIR analysis revealed stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination confirming the crystal structure. TEM analysis revealed a dominantly cubic morphology of NPs with an average size of ∼20 nm. Magnetic evaluation revealed a blocking temperature, T B of 40 K above which the material behaves paramagnetic. Asymmetric coercive field is attributed to the interaction between ferromagnetic Mn3O4 and antiferromagnetic Mn oxide at the surface of nanoparticles.

Synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles and their application to cancer cells

The Mn3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by optimizing the precipitation system MnCl2/H2O2/NH4OH. The material thus obtained was microstructurally characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Mn3O4 nanoparticles were applied to fibroblast and cancer cells. In the concentration range 25–100 μg/ml the particles showed low cytotoxic effects on L929 fibroblast cells, medium cytotoxic effects on FsaR fibrosarcoma cells and high cytotoxic effects on SCCVII carcinoma cells. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) increased cytotoxicity of Mn3O4 nanoparticles, which suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were not responsible for their selective cytotoxic effect. It was shown that the Mn3O4 nanoparticles entered the cancer cells and aggregated inside the membrane-bound spaces that were recognized as destroyed mitochondria.