Synthesis Of Magnetic Nanoparticles Research Articles

In Vitro Study of Tumor-Homing Peptide-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia.

Cancer cells have higher heat sensitivity compared to normal cells; therefore, hyperthermia is a promising approach for cancer therapy because of its ability to selectively kill cancer cells by heating them. However, the specific and rapid heating of tumor tissues remains challenging. This study investigated the potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with tumor-homing peptides (THPs), specifically PL1 and PL3, for tumor-specific magnetic hyperthermia therapy. The synthesis of THP-modified MNPs involved the attachment of PL1 and PL3 peptides to the surface of the MNPs, which facilitated enhanced tumor cell binding and internalization. Cell specificity studies revealed an increased uptake of PL1- and PL3-MNPs by tumor cells compared to unmodified MNPs, indicating their potential for targeted delivery. In vitro hyperthermia experiments demonstrated the efficacy of PL3-MNPs in inducing tumor cell death when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Even without exposure to an AMF, an additional ferroptotic pathway was suggested to be mediated by the nanoparticles. Thus, this study suggests that THP-modified MNPs, particularly PL3-MNPs, hold promise as a targeted approach for tumor-specific magnetic hyperthermia therapy.

Biocompatible polymer-coated magneto-fluorescent super nanoparticles for the homing of mesenchymal stem cells

Stem cell plays an important role in the clinical field. However, the effective delivery of stem cells to the targeted site relies on the efficient homing of the cells to the site of injury. In view of that, fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles stick out due to their wide range of enabling functions including cellular homing and tracking. The present study unravels the synthesis of polymer-coated biocompatible and fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) by a single-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Importantly, the facile method developed the biological super nanoparticles consisting of the magnetic core, which is surrounded by the fluorescent nanodot-decorated polymeric shell. The synthesized particles showed an amorphous nature, and superparamagnetic properties, with efficient fluorescence properties of emission at the blue range (̴ 410 nm). The FMNP labeling showed the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing to the desired site in the presence of an external magnetic field. The in-house synthesized nanoparticles showed significant cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility in vitro as well as in vivo conditions owing to their surface coating. This unprecedented work advances the efficient internalization of FMNPs in MSCs and their enhanced migration potential provides a breakthrough in stem cell delivery for therapeutic applications. Statement of significanceThe bi-modal fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles hold a promising role in the biomedical field for mesenchymal stem cell homing and tracking. Hence, in this study, for the first time, we have synthesized the fluorescent magnetic nanoparticle with polymer coating via an easy single-step method. The nanoparticle with a polymer coat enhanced the biocompatibility and effortless internalization of the nanoparticle into mesenchymal stem cells without hampering the native stem cell properties. Furthermore, the enhanced migration potential of such magnetized stem cells and their homing at the target site by applying an external magnetic field opened up avenues for the smart delivery of mesenchymal stem cells at complex sites such as retina for the tissue regeneration.

Mitoxantrone-Derivative Drug Structure-Directing Agent for the Synthesis of Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Treatment

Mitoxantrone-Derivative Drug Structure-Directing Agent for the Synthesis of Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Treatment

Innovative Agrowaste Banana Peel Extract-Based Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Oxidative Shield and Freshness Fortification

AbstractThis study presents the synthesis of agro-waste banana peel extract-based magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (BPEx-MIONPs), emphasizing antioxidant capacity and food preservation. Using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 · 6 H2O) as a precursor and a reducing agent from agro-waste peel extract, a precisely controlled process yielded BPEx-MIONPs. Characterization involved X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD revealed tetragonal Fe2O3, cubic magnetite structure, and monoclinic FexOy-NPs with an average size of 14.8 nm. TEM and SEM revealed diverse morphologies. TEM displayed both spherical and elongated nanoparticles, with some appearing as thin fibrils. In contrast, SEM images depicted an array primarily consisting of spherical nanoparticles, resembling coral reef formations. FTIR confirmed Fe–O bonds (1000 –400 cm-1). The antioxidant assessment showed robust DPPH free radical scavenging; BPEx achieved 100% inhibition at 18 min, and BPEx-MIONPs had an IC50 of ~ 136 µg/mL. BPEx-MIONPs, stabilized with banana-based bioplastic, effectively preserved grapes, reducing weight loss to 6.2% on day 3, compared to the control (19.0%). This pioneering study combines banana peel antioxidants with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, providing sustainable solutions for food preservation and nano-packaging. Ongoing research aims to refine conditions and explore broader applications of BPEx-MIONPs. Graphical Abstract

Synthesis of polyethylene glycol-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for the fast and efficient extraction of anabolic substances from human urine

Anabolic steroids and β-agonists are commonly prohibited substances found in doping control studies; therefore, the determination of anabolic substances in biological samples is crucial. To analyze the anabolic compounds in urine, an adsorbent, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted magnetic nanoparticle material (Fe3O4@SiO2-PEG), with low toxicity and strong biocompatibility was prepared in this investigation. Compared to those of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2, the grafted PEG chains (approximately 5.4 wt.%) on the magnetic nanoparticles improved the extraction efficiencies by factors of 3.9–17.0 and 2.5–2.9, respectively, likely due to the electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. To achieve maximum extraction efficiency, several extraction parameters were optimized, including the kind and volume of desorption solvent, pH, and the extraction and desorption time. The standard curves were linear within the range of 0.5–20 μg/L for methyltestosterone and trenbolone, and 0.02–5 μg/L for clenbuterol. The limits of detection for the three drugs were 0.01–0.12 μg/L. The limits of quantification were 0.02–0.40 μg/L. The levels of precision of the optimized method were assessed based on the respective intra- and inter-day and batch-to-batch relative standard deviations in the ranges of 3.2–5.2 % (n = 5), 5.9–11.3 % (n = 4), and 6.7–9.2 % (n = 3). The Fe3O4@SiO2-PEG nanoparticles could exclude urine matrix interferences (matrix effect of 91.8–98.1 %) and achieve satisfactory recoveries (75.5–116.1 %), affording sensitive and accurate determination of trace anabolic substances in urine.

Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle (Pd-DBA@NiFe2O4) as a novel, green, efficient, and heterogeneous catalyst for C–S and C-C cross-coupling reactions

In the present work, a palladium-based catalyst (Pd-DBA@NiFe2O4) supported on 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid functionalized was successfully prepared from NiFe2O4 NPs, via an inexpensive and simple procedure. This eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Besides, it was employed as an efficient catalyst for C-C and the C–S cross-coupling under green conditions. High catalytic performance was demonstrated by this nanocatalyst under green conditions, and excellent yields of products were obtained in relatively short reaction times. The clean ligand-free protocol, devoid of hazardous chemicals, excellent yields in short reaction time, and the reusability of catalyst for several times are the key factors in the methodology. The synthesized solid catalyst can be reused and recovered for Six cycles without losing its catalytic activity.

Synthesis of Magnetic Attapulgite Nanoparticles Via a Novel Surface Covalent Reaction Method and its Application in the Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction.

In this study, the attapulgite nanoparticle was immobilized on the surface of magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4 via a novel surface covalent reaction method for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) for the first time. The surface covalent reaction method has the advantages of controllable steps, and can make the magnetic attapulgite nanoparticle (MANP) have good homogeneity and high stability. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, Nitrogen adsorption BET, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize the prepared MANP, confirming that the attapulgite nanoparticle could be effectively immobilized on the surface of magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4 via covalent reactions. Under optimal conditions of the MSPE experiment based on the MANP, the limits of detection were found to be 10ng/mL for melamine and 3ng/mL for cyromazine with a relative standard deviation < 10% by a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Meanwhile, 0.1mg/mL melamine in milk and 0.1mg/mL cyromazine in cucumber can also be detected according to our MSPE procedure. More importantly, the MANP still has good magnetism and enrichment efficiency after several decades of use. These results showed that the MANP prepared by our method is a kind of promising material for the MSPE.

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles decorated by carbon layers acting as defenders against bacterial infectious agents

High stability magnetic nanocomposites wrapped by carbon layers were efficiently synthesized using electrical arc powered by single arc unit. This is sufficient to ionize the nickel, and carbon electrodes immersed in distilled water through applying strong electric field between carbon rotatory cathode and nickel anode. Nickle decorated by carbon (Ni@C) nanocomposite was fully characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), UV/Visible Spectrophotometer (UV), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size analyzer (PZ), Zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ni particle was spherical with average size equals to 17 nm wrapped by carbon where its energy band gap values were 2.84 for C, and 3.36 eV for Ni. The estimated phase percentage of nickel was 64.8 % which is higher than the percentage of carbon layers that's donating the sample the observed high stability of zeta potential was found to be 26.4 mV. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) examined were 10.624 emu/g and 80.648 G, respectively. The antibacterial effect of the synthesized nanocomposites was tested against standard ATCC (American Type Colony Collection) strains namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, Proteus mirabilis 35659, Proteus vurgalis 13315, Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883, and Staphylococcus epidermidis 12228. Proteus vurgalis 13315 was the most resistant strain which wasn't completely eradicated after 24 h incubation with the prepared nanoparticles. Further assessments through confocal microscope and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation percentage were done to predict the possible antibacterial mechanism of the synthesized nanocomposite. Ultimately, the combined influence of nickel ions and carbon in the prepared Ni@C nanocomposite results in the suppression of bacterial respiration and the induction of oxidative stress, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.

A smartphone-enabled colorimetric sensing platform based on Au-decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as nanozyme for dual-mode visual monitoring of dopamine hydrochloride

The potential risks associated with the use of dopamine hydrochloride (DH) on the quality of meat and poultry products, as well as human health, are examined in this study. A novel approach for the synthesis of Au-decorated magnetic spherical nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au) is proposed, aiming to develop colorimetric analysis sensors for mobile devices. Notably, this newly developed nanocomposite exhibits inherent peroxidase-like activity, enabling efficient catalysis of the oxidation reaction between the substrate 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) and H2O2. The results of the study led to the development of a colorimetric smartphone sensor, known as Color Image Capture, which demonstrated high sensitivity and visual capability in detecting DH. The methodology involved the utilization of a smartphone and hydrogen peroxide in conjunction with a Fe3O4@Au nanocomposite for the quantification of DH. The alteration in color exhibited by the platform was captured using a mobile camera and subsequently analyzed using a smartphone application. The smartphone colorimetric sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0722 μmol/L, enabling the quantitative detection of DH within the concentration range of 0.005–0.125 mmol/L. The colorimetric measurement technique demonstrated efficacy in quantifying DH levels in pork samples. The development of innovative catalysts and the implementation of novel methodologies have contributed novel insights into the detection of DH in intricate food and biological matrices.

Efficient removal of environmental pollutants by green synthesized metal nanoparticles of Clitoria ternatea

Prevention and management of water pollution are becoming a great challenge in the present scenario. Different conventional methods like carbon adsorption, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, evaporation, and biological treatments remove water pollutants. Nowadays, the requirement for effective, non-toxic and safe waste management strategies is very high. Nanomaterials have been explored in various fields due to their unique characteristics. Green synthesis of nanomaterial is becoming more popular due to their safety, non-toxicity, and ease of scale-up technology. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized using a green synthesis method using biological sources provided by eco-friendly, non-hazardous nanomaterials with superior properties to bulk metals. Hence, this study has designed a green synthesis of magnetic (cobalt oxide) and noble (gold) nanoparticles from the fresh flowers of Clitoria ternatea. The flavonoids and polyphenols in the extract decreased the energy band gap of cobalt oxide and gold nanoparticles; hence, the capping of the natural constituents in Clitoria ternatea helped form stable metal nanoparticles. The cobalt oxide and gold nanoparticles are evaluated for their potential for eliminating organic pollutants from industrial effluent. The novelty of this present work represents the application of cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the removal of organic pollutants and a comparative study of the catalytic behaviour of both metal nanoparticles. The degradation of bromophenol blue, bromocresol green, and 4–nitrophenol in the presence of gold nanoparticles was completed in 120, 45, and 20 min with rate constants of 3.7 × 10−3/min, 6.9 × 10−3/min, and 16.5 × 10−3/min, respectively. Similarly, the photocatalysis of bromophenol blue, bromocresol green, and 4–nitrophenol in the presence of cobalt oxide nanoparticles was achieved in 60, 90, and 40 min with rate constants of 2.3 × 10−3/min, 1.8 × 10−3/min, and 1.7 × 10−3/min, respectively. The coefficient of correlation (R2) values justify that the degradation of organic pollutants follows first-order kinetics. The significance of the study is to develop green nanomaterials that can be used efficiently to remove organic pollutants in wastewater using a cost-effective method with minimal toxicity to aquatic animals. It has proved to be useful in environmental pollution management.

Field-induced magnetorheological study towards the active magneto-viscoelastic behavior of stable MnFe2O4 magnetic nanofluid

This work presents the fine-tuned synthesis of MnFe2O4 oleic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by the chemical co-precipitation method. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to investigate the elemental composition and oxidation state of oleic acid-coated MnFe2O4 MNPs. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were used to confirm the functional groups in the oleic acid-coated MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The spherical shape of MnFe2O4 MNPs is confirmed by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. Zeta potential (ζ) measurements were performed to confirm the stability of MnFe2O4 magnetic nanofluid (MNF). Magnetic measurements (M−vs−H) reveal the saturation magnetization, Ms = 20.3 emu/g and coercivity, HC = 30 Oe, confirming the single domain superparamagnetic nature at 300 K. Field-induced shear thinning behavior of the MnFe2O4 magnetic fluid is confirmed by a power law, η = c γn + n∞ and steady-state behavior measurements. Magneto viscous effect initially increased at a low shear rate of 20 s−1 and then decreased at a higher shear rate of 100 s−1, which confirms the stability of the MnFe2O4 magnetic fluid. Also, the highest deflection angle, θ = 243 m.rad of MnFe2O4 magnetic fluid was observed at a moderate shear rate 100 s−1 and a high magnetic field of 1.2 T, while the lowest value of deflection angle, θ = 65 m.rad was observed in the absence of magnetic field. In contrast, the storage modulus (G') is greater than the loss modulus (G''), in corroboration with the viscoelastic-to-viscous behavior of MnFe2O4 magnetic fluid.

Green synthesis of manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticle and its modification with metallic-organic frameworks for the tetracycline adsorption from aqueous solutions: A mathematical study of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

In the current investigation, MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 nanocomposite was generated as a magnetic nanoadsorber using the extract of Dracocephalum plant and characterized by XRD, FTIR, VSM, BET, FESEM, EDS-mapping, TEM, XPS, TPD-NH3, and TGA analyses. Also, to determine its efficiency in the adsorption process of tetracycline, the effect of pH (3–9), nanocomposite dose (0.025–2 g/L), initial pollutant concentration (5–100 mg/L), contact time (5–200 min), and temperature (5–50 °C) were studied. The results of the morphological properties of the magnetic nanocomposite confirmed the spherical shape of this nanoadsorber with an average size of 54 ± 31 nm. BET analysis showed that modification of MnFe2O4 material with ZIF-8 as a new nanoadsorber leads to excellent modification of SBET (143.8 m2/g) and VTotal (0.44 cm3/g). The highest removal efficiency of tetracycline in optimal conditions (pH = 7, contact time = 120 min, nanocomposite dose = 1.5 g/L, and temperature = 20 °C for a tetracycline concentration of 20 mg/L) was 90.11%. As the temperature increased, the removal efficiency increased from 40.46% to 95.06% during 120 min, which indicates that the adsorption reaction is endothermic. In addition, the data obtained from the isotherms of Langmuir (R2 = 0.958), Freundlich (R2 = 0.534), and Temkin (R2 = 0.747) showed that the tetracycline adsorption is monolayer and on the homogeneous surface of the synthesized magnetic nanoadsorber. The elimination process of tetracycline by nanoadsorber followed the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.998). Investigating the effect of interfering ions also confirmed the decrease in the adsorption efficiency. Also, the investigation of the reusability of the synthesized magnetic nanoadsorber in tetracycline adsorption indicates that after eight cycles, the efficiency decreases by %16.51. According to the results, the magnetic nanocomposite synthesized in this work can be a suitable and economical adsorber for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous environments.

Biosynthesis Optimization of Antibacterial-Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Bacillus megaterium.

The occurrence of antibiotic resistance on common bacterial agents and the need to use new generations of antibiotics have led to the use of various strategies for production. Taking inspiration from nature, using bio-imitation patterns, in addition to the low cost of production, is advantageous and highly accurate. In this research, we were able to control the temperature, shake, and synthesis time of the synthesis conditions of Bacillus megaterium bacteria as a model for the synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles and optimize the ratio of reducing salt to bacterial regenerating agents as well as the concentration of salt to create iron oxide nanoparticles with more favorable properties and produced with more antibacterial properties. Bacterial growth was investigated by changing the incubation times of pre-culture and overnight culture in the range of the logarithmic phase. The synthesis time, salt ratio, and concentration were optimized to achieve the size, charge, colloidal stability, and magnetic and antibacterial properties of nanoparticles. The amount of the effective substance produced by the bacteria was selected by measuring the amount of the active substance synthesized using the free radical reduction (DPPH) method. With the help of DPPH, the duration of the synthesis was determined to be one week. Characterizations such as UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM, X-ray, and scattering optical dynamics were performed and showed that the nanoparticles synthesized with a salt concentration of 80mM and a bacterial suspension to salt ratio of 2:1 are smaller in size and have a light scattering index, a PDI index close to 0.1, and a greater amount of reducing salt used in the reaction during one week compared to other samples. Moreover, they had more antibacterial properties than the concentration of 100mM. As a result, better characteristics and more antibacterial properties than common antibiotics were created on E. coli and Bacillus cereus.

Lychee peel extract-based magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Sustainable synthesis, multifaceted antioxidant system, and prowess in eco-friendly food preservation

The quest for sustainable synthesis methods has led to the exploration of lychee peel extract (LCPEx) as an eco-friendly alternative in the field of nanomaterials. This groundbreaking study introduces the synthesis of lychee peel extract-based magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (LCPEx-MIONPs) and delves into their diverse applications. The meticulous methodology involved a multistep process for lychee peel extraction, resulting in the creation of LCPEx. The subsequent synthesis of LCPEx-MIONPs, achieved by combining the extract with iron chloride as a precursor and sodium hydroxide as a pH adjustor (set to 7.5), yielded nanoparticles with nanoscale dimensions (8.7± 0.4 nm) and diverse morphologies (cubic, hexagonal, spherical). Comprehensive characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), unveiled the structural attributes of LCPEx-MIONPs. The LCPEx exhibited robust antioxidant activity against DPPH, reaching its maximum inhibitory within only 5 minutes in a simple disc diffusion. The multifaceted antioxidant system of LCPEx-MIONPs exhibited an IC50 value of 202.3 µg/mL, highlighting the synergistic effects of lychee phytochemicals and magnetic ions. Beyond antioxidant capabilities, LCPEx-MIONPs, when incorporated into banana-based food preservation films, demonstrated significant prowess in grape preservation. The controlled release properties led to a notable reduction in water loss (9.3% on day 3 and 19.7% on day 6) compared to control grapes without LCPEx-MIONPs incorporated (18.2% on day 3 and 34.8% on day 6). This study significantly contributes to green nanotechnology, food preservation, and the development of eco-friendly hydrogels and bioplastic films, emphasizing the versatile applications of LCPEx-MIONPs in antioxidants, sustainable food preservation, and hydrogel-based bioplastics.

One step synthesis of FeOx magnetic nanoparticles in the microreactor with intensively swirling flows

One step method of iron oxides nanoparticles synthesis using novel type of microreactors was reported. All the data received from analysis of physical and chemical properties demonstrated that the nanoparticles obtained by means of the new method are similar to the nanopowders synthesized by wet precipitation. They are magnetite-maghemite solid solutions with unit cell parameter between 8.362 and 8.374 Å, with coherent scattering range values about 9 nm. In comparison with precipitated nanopowders they have lesser degree of agglomeration. Samples obtained in microreactor have smaller value and smaller spread in regard of the specific surface (76–86 m2/g) in comparison with precipitated ones (75–125 m2/g). All the samples from microreactor consist of spherical inhomogeneities with a diffuse surface, while sample of iron oxide nanopowder synthesized by the co-precipitation method consists of scattering cylindrical inhomogeneities with nearly smooth phase boundary. It was shown that microreactor with intensively swirling flows has demonstrated several advantages: (i) possibility to control the degree of oxidation of the product which depends on the flow rates of reagents solutions to the reactor; (ii) high productivity (up to 7 L/min for the suspension with particles, approx. 200 kg/day for the dried particles) that eases the scaling-up of the proposed synthesis method.

Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on carbon nanofibers for Amiodarone determination

Amiodarone, a drug associated with significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and neurological complications, requires accurate measurement due to its narrow therapeutic window. However, the current analysis methods are time-consuming, complex, and expensive. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop a cost-effective and rapid solution for Amiodarone determination. In this study, a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was designed, fabricated, and evaluated to detect Amiodarone precisely. The research involved the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica and the subsequent synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer. Carbon nanofibers were then prepared through electrospinning in a polyacrylonitrile furnace, onto which the molecularly imprinted polymer was placed. Multiple concentrations of Amiodarone were successfully determined utilizing this sensor. Following optimization, the designed sensor exhibited desirable traits such as linearity, reproducibility, precision, and accuracy. The sensor detection and quantification limit proved acceptable in whole blood and plasma samples. With its remarkable reproducibility and accurate detection of low concentrations, this molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor offers a reliable method for quantifying Amiodarone in real samples. Moreover, its swift voltammetric response outperforms existing techniques regarding time efficiency. Overall, the developed sensor presents a valuable advancement and has the potential to benefit pharmaceutical analysis and clinical applications greatly.

A magnetic cross-linked alginate-biobased nanocomposite with anticancer and hyperthermia activities

This research study focuses on a new magnetic nanobiocomposite designed and synthesized by the formation of cross-linked alginate (Alg) hydrogel using CaCl2 cross-linker agent, its modification with flaxseed mucilage hydrogel and silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer extracted, and as well, the in-situ synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) in the presence of this biopolymeric substrate. FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, VSM, and TG technical analyses clarified the physical and chemical features of magnetic cross-linked Alg/flaxseed mucilage hydrogel/SF nanobiocomposite. Following the structural characterization of this magnetic natural-based composition, the in-vitro cytotoxicity and hemolysis assay studies with different concentrations resulted in prominent biological outcomes. The survival rates of normal HEK293T cells (95.74%, 94.18%) and breast cancer BT549 cells (79.23%, 77.76%) after 48 and 72 h verified the biocompatibility and anticancer properties of this new nanobiocomposite. Also, less than 5% of the hemolytic effect disclosed its hemocompatibility. Furthermore, a high specific absorption rate value (72.42 W/g) is generated by 1 mg/mL of this magnetic nanobiocomposite. Overall, it can be deduced that magnetic responsive cross-linked Alg/flaxseed mucilage hydrogel/SF nanobiocomposite could functionally perform in magnetic hyperthermia treatment.

Green Method Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Functionalized MNPs for Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction

Background: Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond formation reaction catalyzed by various homogeneous and heterogeneous acid-base catalysts. background: Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond formation reaction, and employs various acid and base-catalyzed reactions of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Method: The present work describes the eco-friendly preparation of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (MNPs) and its functionalization to Fe3O4@SiO2@SO3H. The prepared MNPs and their functionalized materials were fully characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and VSM. Further demonstrated application of these catalysts for the C-C bond formation reactions of Knoevenagel condensation employing special aldehyde derivatives with malononitrile at room temperature gave excellent product isolation. Results: The application of the prepared functionalized MNPs for the Knoevenagel condensation was demonstrated by the reaction of various aryl/heterocyclic and cholesterol aldehyde with malononitrile at room temperature stirring for about 30 min in ethanol solvent. The final product isolated is confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-, &amp; 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the selected compounds are screened for their photophysical properties, and interestingly compound 3j showed good fluorescent properties. Conclusion: Overall the present work described a greener method preparation of MNPs, and its functionalized employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of various aryl/heterocyclic and cholesterol aldehyde with malononitrile. The method developed is simple, easily separated catalyst by an external magnet, and recycled up to five cycles without any noticeable change in the final product isolation. Further, the prepared derivatives screened for their photophysical properties, and interestingly compound 3j showed good fluorescent properties.

Ultrafast in situ microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanorods and soft magnetic colloidal nanoparticles based on MnFe2O4

This work presents for the first time one-step ultrafast (precursor-free) synthesis of 1D MnFe2O4 (MFO) nanorods and soft magnetic colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) using microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) methods, with or without citric acid (CA) as a surfactant (in situ synthesis), respectively. The mechanism of growth of spinel MFO nanostructures during the MAH synthesis was studied by varying synthesis duration (3–6 h) and temperature (180–200 °C). An increase in both the duration and temperature improved the purity of the samples, up to 97%. On the other hand, a temperature increase by 20 °C notably shortened the formation time of MFO nanorods, which have an average diameter and length of less than 20 nm and 350 nm, respectively, as observed at 200 °C after 6 h. All the fabricated MFO NPs with spherical and rod-like morphologies manifested high saturation magnetization in the range of 54–64 emu/g. The chelation of lattice metal ions by CA resulted in the formation of a stable colloid comprising 100% pure spinel MFO NPs with a size of ≤32 ± 10 nm (mean ± SD) and featuring very soft magnetic properties. This colloid was generated by the MAH synthesis at 175 °C within 30 min. Notably, an increase in synthesis duration from 30 min to 3 h diminished MFO phase purity from 100% to 52% and saturation magnetization from 43.4 ± 0.7 to 33.9 ± 2.0 emu/g for CA-functionalized MFO NPs owing to CA degradation increasing during the in situ MAH synthesis with longer duration. This study indicates good potential of ultrafast MAH synthesis for the development of 1D magnetic spinel nanostructures with controllable morphology, size, magnetic properties, and colloidal stability, thereby offering a wide range of applications within the fields of adsorption, catalysis, electronics, and biomedicine.

Green synthesis and characterizations of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera extract for improved performance in dye-sensitized solar cell

In this study, Moringa oleifera extract was used for the green synthesis of magnetic Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle. Natural dye from air-dried Carica papaya leaves was used as sensitizer along with commercially obtainable N719 Ruthenium dye. The optical absorptions between 350 and 650 nm confirmed the formation of the nanoparticle. After adding the nanoparticle to the TiO2 and loading it with dye, the absorbance in the visible range dramatically increased. The formation and stabilization of the nanoparticle may have been aided by the functional groups, according to the FTIR results. With an average crystallite size of 35.13 nm, the XRD patterns demonstrated the nanoparticle's crystalline nature. The morphologies of the nanoparticle demonstrated that it was well-formed and homogeneously dispersed. The presence of iron and other component elements was confirmed by the EDX spectra. The production of 40.83 nm-sized nanoparticles on average was further verified by the TEM micrograph, and the samples' crystallographic planes were identified by the SAED patterns. The photo-electrochemical performance of the DSSCs showed that the efficiencies increased significantly with percentage increase of 90.1% and 89.3% for Carica papaya and Ruthenium dyes, respectively. The green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticle exhibited good properties for application in DSSC.