Synthesis Of Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extract and Biomedicine Applications: Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery System

Sekarang, nanosains memberikan dasar ilmiah dan pemahaman tentang sifat dan perilaku materi pada skala nanometer (ukuran » 1-100 nm), adapun nanoteknologi adalah terapan nanosain untuk merancang dan menciptakan struktur serta perangkat baru dengan ukuran nanometer. Bagian penting dari hal tersebut adalah bagaimana membuat material dengan ukuran skala nano (e.i: nanopartikel), berbagai metode sudah dikembangkan baik secara top-down maupun bottom-up. Metode yang paling sederhana adalah secara bottom-up, melakukan fabrikasi dengan menyusun atom demi atom. Untuk metode ini yang paling ramah lingkungan adalah dengan metode green synthesis, dengan memanfaatkan ekstraksi tanaman. Di Indonesia memiliki keunggulan dengan keragaman aneka tanaman yang sangat banyak. Pada studi ini akan ditunjukan bahwa untuk membuat material magnetic, seperti magnetic nanopartikel Fe3O4 (MNPs) yang dapat disintesis dengan mudah dengan menggunakan aneka ektraski tanaman seperti: biji jinten (Syzygium cumini seed), kulit delima (Punica Granatum rind), bunga api-api putih (Avicennia marina flower), akar Chromolaena Odorata, daun Thunbergia Grandiflora, buah Couroupita Guianensis Aubl., dan daun Moringa Oleifera. Pada bidang biomedis khususnya untuk deteksi penyakit, pengiriman obat yang terkontrol. Nanopartikel pengiriman obat harus terutama dapat terdegradasi dan kompatibel dengan organisme. Hasil studi menunjukan MNPs memiliki potensi untuk mengubah secara total metode diagnostik dan terapi klinis, dan ini sangat menarik perhatian. Dan yang terbaru antara lain transfeksi yang ditingkatkan secara magnetik, terapi gen yang dibantu secara magnetik, hipertermia yang diinduksi secara magnetik, dan rekayasa jaringan berdasarkan gaya magnetic.
 Kata Kunci: Magnetik Nanopartikel (Fe3O4), Green synthesis, DDS, teranostik kanker, terapi genetik
 Abstract
 Today, Nanoscience provides the scientific basis and understanding of the properties and behavior of matter at the nanometer scale (size » 1-100 nm). At the same time, nanotechnology is the application of Nanoscience to design and create new structures and devices with nanometer size. An essential part of this is making materials with nanoscale sizes (e.g., nanoparticles); various methods have been developed both top-down and bottom-up. The simplest method is bottom-up, fabricating by assembling atom by atom. For this method, the most environmentally friendly is the green synthesis method, by utilizing plant extraction. Indonesia has an advantage with a vast diversity of various plants. This study will show that to make magnetic materials, such as magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (MNPs), which can be synthesized easily using various plant extracts such as cumin seeds (Syzygium cumin seed), pomegranate peel (Punica Granatum rind), sparks. white (Avicennia marina flower), Chromolaena odorata root, Thunbergia Grandiflora leaf, Couroupita guianensis Aubl. fruit, and Moringa oleifera leaf. In the biomedical field, especially for disease detection, controlled drug delivery. Drug delivery nanoparticles must be primarily degradable and compatible with organisms. The study results show that MNPs have the potential to change clinical diagnostic and therapeutic methods completely, and this is of great interest. Moreover, recent ones include magnetically enhanced transfection, assisted gene therapy, magnetically induced hyperthermia, and magnetic force-based tissue engineering.
 Keywords: Magnetic Nanoparticles (Fe3O4), Green synthesis, DDS, cancer diagnostics, genetic therapy

SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF STRUCTURES OF MAGNETITE Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES IN POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MEDIUM

Synthesis of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with polyethylene glycol was carried out by co-precipitation method using a very small amount of organic substances to obtain a highly monodisperse form of nanoparticles, and the structure of obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles was studied by physical methods. During the synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles surrounded by a polymer, it has been determined that by adjusting the amount of used polymer, the nature of the precipitating agent, the concentration of the initial precursors and the temperature it was possible to synthesize and stabilize monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a high degree of purity, uniform in size

Pulsed-Laser Induced Photolysis of Synthesizing Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Visible-Light Photocatalysis

Our report is the first example describing the successful synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), for which we used pulsed-laser induced photolysis (PLIP). Compared with the previous method of using pulsed-laser ablation of a target, or strong energy of pulsed-laser light to decompose precursors in generating a solvated-ion reaction, the PLIP method used here is dependent on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate a hydrolysis reaction. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to demonstrate the Fe3O4 crystalline structure of the synthesized NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the average size of the NPs was about 20–50 nm. Regarding their magnetic characteristics, the synthesized NPs exhibited a saturation magnetization of 5.62 emu/g, remanence of 3.82 emu/g, and coercive force of 49.8 Oe. The photocatalytic experiments confirmed that the synthesized magnetic Fe3O4 NPs have visible light-degradation effects based on their ability to photocatalytically degrade methylene blue (MB). The MB degradation efficiency was 60–80% under white-light exposure for 180 min. This study presents a new route for synthesizing magnetic Fe3O4 NPs for their potential use in photocatalysis.

High recycling Fe3O4-CdTe nanocomposites for the detection of organophosphorothioate pesticide chlorpyrifos

To alleviate the secondary contamination of our environment when using quantum dots (QDs) to detect the organophosphorothioate pesticides (OPPs), we herein report a strategy to assemble magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and luminescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) into a composite nanosystem, which possesses both the magnetic property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the luminescent character of CdTe QDs, for the detection of chlorpyrifos, one of the typical OPPs. This strategy involves the isolated synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with positive charges and luminescent CdTe QDs with negative charges, and their subsequent assembly by electrostatic interaction. The as-prepared Fe3O4–CdTe nanocomposites have a detection limit as low as 10 ppb for chlorpyrifos, and are also selective for the OPPs with a phosphorothioate moiety (PS bond). In specific, the Fe3O4–CdTe nanocomposites can be conveniently harvested by a normal magnet, and the recycling rate for both Cd and Fe determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is higher than 96%, showing great potential in alleviating the Cd pollution on the environment.

Polyaniline-Fe3O4 and polypyrrole-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites for removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous medium

The fabrication and synthesis of easily separable novel materials with excellent adsorption capacities are still challenging in the field of wastewater treatment. This work illustrates the synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles by a simple solvothermal method. This report further, demonstrates the surface modification of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with polyaniline and polypyrrole. The as prepared nanocomposites were systematically tested as adsorbents for 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous medium. The structural characteristics, thermal stability and morphology of the adsorbents were examined by FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD, TGA and SEM. The results obtained from kinetic study provided good fitting for pseudo-second-order model with R2 values close to unity; implying chemisorption mechanism. Further, three isotherm models namely, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were used to study the adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorbents; Fe3O4-PANI and Fe3O4-PPy as obtained from Langmuir model at 303 K are 60.97 and 96.15 mg g−1 respectively. 1/n values as calculated from the Freundlich isotherm model are less than unity indicating heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Positive ΔH° values (10.19 kJ mol−1 and 13.88 kJ mol−1) and negative values of ΔG° as obtained from thermodynamic calculations described the adsorption process to be endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorbents can be magnetically separated and regenerated with a negligible change in adsorption performance. The findings of this study reveal these magnetic nanocomposites to be quite promising as adsorbents for organic pollutants such as 2, 4-D in wastewater treatment.

Macromolecules with Different Charges, Lengths, and Coordination Groups for the Coprecipitation Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as T1 MRI Contrast Agents.

Considerable efforts have been focused on the exploitation of macromolecule ligands for synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, but studies that concern macromolecule ligands with different charges and coordination groups are still limited. Herein, we used poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which possess negative, positive and neutral charges with carboxylic acid, amino and hydroxyl groups respectively, as templates and stabilizers to fabricate Fe3O4 nanoparticles through coprecipitation reaction. The obtained Fe3O4-PAA, Fe3O4-PAH, and Fe3O4-PVA nanoparticles showed T1 contrast performance with r1 relaxivities of 23.4, 60.3, and 30.6 mM s−1 at 0.5 T (25 °C), and a r2/r1 ratio of 2.62, 3.82, and 7.26, respectively. The cell viability assay revealed that Fe3O4-PAA and Fe3O4-PVA exhibited good biocompatibility, while Fe3O4-PAH displayed high cytotoxicity. In vivo T1-weighted (1 T) mice showed that both Fe3O4-PAA and Fe3O4-PVA were able to display remarkably brighten the contrast enhancement for the mice tumor and kidney sites, but Fe3O4-PAA had better contrast performance. This work highlights that the macromolecule ligands play an important role in the biocompatibility and T1 contrast performance of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles from scrap iron and use of their peroxidase like activity for phenol detection

The present study was initiated to check the feasibility of using leach liquor as a precursor for the synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs). The leaching of iron was carried out from scrap iron using citric acid. The results show that 40 mL citric acid solution (0.5 M) was sufficient to solubilize 2 cm2 work-piece in 7 days at 30 °C and 150 rpm. The increase in number of work-pieces decreased the leaching efficiency. The leach liquor obtained from this process was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was used as a reducing agent for co-precipitation of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the presence of Fe3O4. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations indicated that MNPs were elliptical or sphere shaped with an average size of 7 nm. The as synthesized MNPs were superparamagnetic in nature with 0.83506 G coercivity (Hc) and 11.51 emu/g saturation magnetization (Ms). Further, the MNPs showed peroxidase like activity. This ability of MNPs was used for the detection of phenol in the concentration range between 1 μM–200 mM.

Enhanced Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Poly(Pyrrole)-g-Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)/Fe3O4 Magnetic Hydrogel Nanocomposite Adsorbent

In the present work, the structural characterization and chromium adsorption behavior of a novel poly(pyrrole)-based magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite (MHN) is reported. This product was prepared using free-radical copolymerization of pyrrole (Py), acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers, and subsequent in situ synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The structure of MHNs was then characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-Vis and VSM techniques, and a mechanism for the preparation of MHNs is also proposed. The maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity (208 mg g–1) was achieved under the optimum conditions that were found to be: AA = 0.25 mol L–1, AM = 1.2 mol L–1, agitation time = 90 min, solution pH = 1.0, ion concentration = 100 mg L–1, adsorbent dose = 50 mg, and temperature = 65 °C. Further, the calculated values of the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° = 31.33kJ mol–1, ΔS° = 105.67 J K–1 mol–1, ΔG° = –61.33 kJ mol–1) revealed that ion adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. In general, the results indicated that the synthesized MHNs with specific properties can be used in wastewater treatment applications.

Synthesis of stimuli-responsive chitosan nanocomposites via RAFT copolymerization for doxorubicin delivery

In this study, a unique stimuli-responsive hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared via surface reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of acrylic acid and N‑isopropyl acrylamide onto chitosan and subsequent in situ synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In the next age, the structure and morphology of synthetic magnetic nanocomposite were characterized by FTIR, XRD, VSM, SEM, and TEM techniques. The modified hydrogel nanocomposite was employed as an excellent carrier for controlled releasing of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The results indicated that the maximum of DOX loading efficiency of nanocomposite was 89%. Notably, in vitro drug release studies showed that DOX was released in a sustained-release manner for the nanocomposites. From the results of in vitro release studies, dual temperature and pH responsiveness of the nanocomposite was demonstrated, and 82% of total DOX was released from the hydrogel within 2 days. Due to the unique structures and properties, the chitosan-based nanocomposite may be utilized as a promising drug carrier for controlled and sustained release of anticancer drugs.

Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Couroupita guianensis Aubl. fruit extract for their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities

In the present study, a sustainable green chemistry approach was established to fabricate magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) using the aqueous fruit extract of edible C. guianensis (CGFE). Synthesized NPs were further confirmed with different high-throughput characterization techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XPS, DLS and zeta potential analysis. Additionally, XRD, AFM, HRTEM and SQUID VSM demonstrate the generation of crystalline CGFe3O4NPs with mean diameter of 17 ± 10 nm. Interestingly, CGFe3O4NPs exhibit a stupendous bactericidal action against different human pathogens which depicts its antimicrobial value. A significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of CGFe3O4NPs was noticed against treated human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2).

LUMINESCENCE ENHANCEMENT OF OLED PERFORMANCE BY DOPING COLLOIDAL MAGNETIC FE<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NANOPARTICLES

We report synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) based on two phase method and their application in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) as blend with emissive Poly∞uorene (PFO) matrix. Two phase method allows to successively synthesizing oleic acid capped MPNs with 5{10nm particle size. Colloidal MNPs can be easily mixed with emissive polymer solutions to obtain a blend for OLED application. The electroluminescence e-ciency increases by doping with MNPs into emissive layer. Difierent dopant concentrations varied from 0,4% to 2% were monitored. It was observed that the electroluminescence increases up to 1%w/v doping ratio. The luminance of OLEDs increased from 15.000cd/m 2 to 24.000cd/m 2 in comparison pristine device with 1% MNP doped device.