Synthesis Of Inorganic Nanoparticles Research Articles

Current trends in macromolecular synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles

Current trends in macromolecular synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles

Vitis heyneana extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with high bioactive and colorimetric sensing properties

The green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles using plant extracts has been an important strategy to mitigate the uses of hazardous chemicals and thus reduce toxic by-products. We herein report for the first time the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Vitis heyneana fruit peel as a key agent. Specifically, oleanolic acid was found in the extract and its crucial role as both reducing and stabilizing agent was experimentally evidenced. The as-synthesized AgNPs were morphologically and structurally characterized to possess quasi-spherical shapes with an average diameter of 11 nm and exhibit polycrystalline nature. Bioactive studies indicated that as-synthesized AgNPs revealed potent antimicrobial activities against Lactobaccillus plantarum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus flavus, demonstrating an IC50 value of 20.00 ± 2.05 μg ml−1 and a MIC value of 32 ± 0.03 μg ml−1 (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa); the NPs also possessed superior antioxidant activities with an IC50 value of 23.22 ± 1.25 μg ml−1 compared to vitamin C (18.23 ± 0.15 μg ml−1). The AgNPs further revealed capabilities of colorimetrically detecting Hg2+ ions with a limit of detection of 0.048 μM and a limit of quantitation of 0.16 μM. These findings therefore suggest promising uses of the phytosynthesized AgNPs in nanomedicine and sensing technology.

Plant-Based Extracts as Reducing, Capping, and Stabilizing Agents for the Green Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles

The synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles for diverse applications is an active research area that involves physical and chemical methods, which typically are expensive, involve hazardous chemical reagents, use complex equipment and synthesis conditions, and consume large amounts of time and energy. Thus, green synthesis methods have emerged as eco-friendly and easy alternatives for inorganic nanoparticle synthesis, particularly the use of plant-based extracts from fruit juice, leaves, seeds, peel, stem, barks, and roots, which act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals and circular economy principles. Therefore, diverse inorganic nanoparticles have been synthesized using plant-based extracts, including gold, silver, titanium dioxide, zinc, copper, platinum, zirconium, iron, selenium, magnesium, nickel, sulfur, cobalt, palladium, and indium nanoparticles, which exhibit different biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, dye degradation, cytotoxic, analgesic, sedative, wound-healing, skin protection, sensor development, and plant-growth-promoting effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the advantages and limitations of plant-based extracts as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents for inorganic nanoparticle green synthesis.

A Greener Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tea Leaf and Aloe Vera Leaf Extract for Catalytic Organic Dye Degradation Application

AbstractThe synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles via a green method has obtained a vast attention because of its simplicity, eco‐friendliness, less toxicity and cost‐effectiveness. In this present study, silver nanoparticle has been synthesized via the mixture of tea leaf and aloe vera leaf extract at room temperature. The synthesized silver nanoparticle was characterized in detail. Dynamic Light Scattering analysis shows an average particle size of 90 nm. The polyphenolic compounds present in the tea and aloe vera leaves act as the capping agent for the growth of synthesized nanoparticles. The isolated silver nanoparticles possess remarkable catalytic activity towards the degradation of organic dyes including methylene blue, methyl orange and rhodamine B. The catalyst also shows good cyclability for dye degradation along with chemical and structural stability. The present study suggests that silver nanoparticles synthesized by tea and aloe vera extract could be a potential stable catalyst for the degradation of various kinds of dyes and these types of plant extracts can be used to prepare efficient catalysts for various kinds of applications.

Huitlacoche (Ustilago maydis), an Iconic Mexican Fungal Resource: Biocultural Importance, Nutritional Content, Bioactive Compounds, and Potential Biotechnological Applications.

Worldwide, the fungus known as huitlacoche (Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda) is a phytopathogen of maize plants that causes important economic losses in different countries. Conversely, it is an iconic edible fungus of Mexican culture and cuisine, and it has high commercial value in the domestic market, though recently there has been a growing interest in the international market. Huitlacoche is an excellent source of nutritional compounds such as protein, dietary fiber, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. It is also an important source of bioactive compounds with health-enhancing properties. Furthermore, scientific evidence shows that extracts or compounds isolated from huitlacoche have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antiplatelet, and dopaminergic properties. Additionally, the technological uses of huitlacoche include stabilizing and capping agents for inorganic nanoparticle synthesis, removing heavy metals from aqueous media, having biocontrol properties for wine production, and containing biosurfactant compounds and enzymes with potential industrial applications. Furthermore, huitlacoche has been used as a functional ingredient to develop foods with potential health-promoting benefits. The present review focuses on the biocultural importance, nutritional content, and phytochemical profile of huitlacoche and its related biological properties as a strategy to contribute to global food security through food diversification; moreover, the biotechnological uses of huitlacoche are also discussed with the aim of contributing to the use, propagation, and conservation of this valuable but overlooked fungal resource.

Fungi-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles: characterization process and agricultural applications.

In the field of nanotechnology, the use of biologically active products from fungi for the reduction and synthesis of nanoparticles as an alternative to toxic chemicals has received extensive attention, due to their production of large quantities of proteins, high yields, easy handling, and the low toxicity of the residues. Fungi have become valuable tools for the manufacture of nanoparticles in comparison with other biological systems because of their enhanced growth control and diversity of metabolites, including enzymes, proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, and other macro-molecules. The ability to use different species of fungi and to perform the synthesis under different conditions enables the production of nanoparticles with different physicochemical characteristics. Fungal nanotechnology has been used to develop and offer products and services in the agricultural, medicinal, and industrial sectors. Agriculturally, it has found applications in plant disease management, crop improvement, biosensing, and the production of environmentally friendly, non-toxic pesticides and fertilizers to enhance agricultural production in general. The subject of this review is the application of fungi in the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles, characterization, and possible applications of fungal nanoparticles in the diverse agricultural sector. The literature shows potential uses of fungi in biogenic synthesis, enabling the production of nanoparticles with different physiognomies. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Ligand Decomposition during Nanoparticle Synthesis: Influence of Ligand Structure and Precursor Selection.

Aliphatic amine and carboxylic acid ligands are widely used as organic solvents during the bottom-up synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). Although the ligands' ability to alter final NP properties has been widely studied, side reactivity of these ligands is emerging as an important mechanism to consider. In this work, we study the thermal decomposition of common ligands with varying functional groups (amines and carboxylic acids) and bond saturations (from saturated to polyunsaturated). Here, we investigate how these ligand properties influence decomposition in the absence and presence of precursors used in NP synthesis. We show that during the synthesis of inorganic chalcogenide NPs (Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu x S, and SnS x ) with metal acetylacetonate precursors and elemental sulfur, the ligand pyrolyzes, producing alkylated graphitic species. Additionally, there was less to no ligand decomposition observed during the sulfur-free synthesis of ZnO and CuO with metal acetylacetonate precursors. These results will help guide ligand selection for NP syntheses and improve reaction purity, an important factor in many applications.

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs), as a new type of green solvent, are used in many fields, including industry in extraction processes, medicine, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, electrodeposition, separations, gas capture, biocatalysis and nanotechnology. Mainly due to their properties, such as simple preparation, environmental friendliness, biocompatibility and multifunctionality, they are being used in various fields of industry. This review aims to provide insight into the applications of natural deep eutectic solvents, specifically in nanotechnology processes. It focuses on the description of NDES and how their physicochemical properties are used to obtain functional nanomaterials, including metals, metal oxides and salts. It highlights how the use of NDESs to obtain a wide range of inorganic nanoparticles enables the elimination of disadvantages of traditional methods of obtaining them, including reducing energy consumption and functionalising nanoparticles in situ. In conclusion, recent advances and future directions in the development and applications of NDESs in nanotechnology are discussed with the aim of identifying unexplained scientific questions that can be investigated in the future.

Inorganic Finishing for Textile Fabrics: Recent Advances in Wear-Resistant, UV Protection and Antimicrobial Treatments

The surface modification of textile fabrics and therefore, the development of advanced textile materials featuring specific implemented and new properties, such as improved durability and resistance, is increasingly in demand from modern society and end-users. In this regard, the sol–gel technique has shown to be an innovative and convenient synthetic route for developing functional sol–gel coatings useful for the protection of textile materials. Compared with the conventional textile finishing process, this technique is characterized by several advantages, such as the environmentally friendly approaches based on one-step applications and low concentration of non-hazardous chemicals. The sol–gel method, starting from inorganic metal alkoxides or metal salts, leads to inorganic sols containing particles that enable a chemical or physical modification of fiber surfaces, giving rise to final multifunctional properties of treated textile fabrics. This review considered the recent developments in the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles and nanosols by sol–gel approach for improving wear and UV resistance, as well as antibacterial or antimicrobial effects for textile applications.

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Traditionally Used Indian Medicinal Plants

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Traditionally Used Indian Medicinal Plants

An Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Leaf Extract of Madhuca longifolia Utilizing Quantitative and Qualitative Methods.

In the current decade, nanoparticles are synthesized using solvents that are environmentally friendly. A number of nanoparticles have been synthesized at room temperature using water as a solvent, such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. As part of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are synthesized through biological processes. Biological methods are the preferred method for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a result of their simple and non-hazardous nature. Nanoparticles of silver are used in a variety of applications, including catalysts, spectrally selective coatings for solar absorption, optical objectives, pharmaceutical constituents, and chemical and biological sensing. Antimicrobial agents are among the top uses of silver nanoparticles. In the current study, silver nanoparticles were biologically manufactured through Madhuca longifolia, and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities were assessed. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), transmission electron microscopy, Zeta Potential, and FTIR were used to characterize silver nanoparticles. The current work describes a cheap and environmentally friendly method to synthesize silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution by using plant crude extract as a reducing agent.

Emerging Roles of Green-Synthesized Chalcogen and Chalcogenide Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics

The last few decades have seen an overwhelming increase in the amount of research carried out on the use of inorganic nanoparticles. More fascinating is the tremendous progress made in the use of chalcogen and chalcogenide nanoparticles in cancer theranostics. These nanomaterials, which were initially synthesized through chemical methods, have now been efficiently produced using different plant materials. The paradigm shift towards the biogenic route of nanoparticle synthesis stems from its superior advantages of biosafety, eco-friendliness, and simplicity, among others. Despite a large number of reviews available on inorganic nanoparticle synthesis through green chemistry, there is currently a dearth of information on the green synthesis of chalcogens and chalcogenides for cancer research. Nanoformulations involving chalcogens such as sulfur, selenium, and tellurium and their respective chalcogenides have recently emerged as promising tools in cancer therapeutics and diagnosis. Similar to other inorganic nanoparticles, chalcogens and chalcogenides have been synthesized using plant extracts and their purified biomolecules. In this review, we provide an up-to-date discussion of the recent progress that has been made in the plant-mediated synthesis of chalcogens and chalcogenides with a special focus on their application in cancer theranostics.

Inorganic/organic hybrid nanoparticles synthesized in a two-step radiation-driven process

In this work, we have synthesized inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles via radiation synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (Ag and CeO2) in aqueous dispersions containing radiation-synthesized poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanogels (NG). The experiments show that there are strong interactions between the inorganic precursors (Ag+ and Ce3+) and the nanogel prior to irradiation. The two hybrid systems (Ag/NG and CeO2/NG) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD confirms the formation of crystalline Ag and CeO2. TEM reveals that the inorganic nanoparticles are evenly distributed in/on the nanogel. Both XRD and TEM show that size of the inorganic particles is controlled by the nanogel.

Multivariate analysis of peptide-driven nucleation and growth of Au nanoparticles

The design space of sequence defined molecules for inorganic nanoparticle synthesis is exceedingly large. We present an experimental and data analysis workflow for studying the effects of peptide modification on Au nanoparticle synthesis outcomes.

Cyanobacteria as biochemical energy source for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles, mechanism and potential applications: a review.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained great concern among researchers due to their unique properties, excellent applications and efficient route of synthesis. From the last decades, the number biologicals such as plants, fungus, bacteria, yeast, algae, and cyanobacteria and their products are using by various researchers for the synthesis of different NPs. However, the pillar of green chemistry keeps touching new heights to improve the performance. This review paper unveils almost recent cyanobacteria-assisted greener NP synthesis technique, characterization and application. The enormous potency of cyanobacteria in NP synthesis (silver, gold, copper, zinc, palladium, titanium, cadmium sulfide, and selenium) and significance of reducing enzymes were summarized. The extracellular and intracellular entity such as metabolites, enzyme, protein, pigments in cyanobacteria play a significant role in the conversion of metal ions to metal NPs with unique properties discussed briefly. The green synthesis of nanomaterials is valuable because of their cost-effective, nontoxic and eco-friendly prospects as well as the potential application metal NPs such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancerous, catalytic, drug delivery, bioimaging, nanopesticide, nanofertilizer, sensing properties, etc. Therefore, in the present review, we have systematically discussed the mechanisms of synthesis and applications of cyanobacteria-assisted green synthesis of NPs.

Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles via Sargassum serratifolium Extract for Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes

The green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) using bio-materials has attained enormous attention in recent years due to its simple, eco-friendly, low-cost and non-toxic nature. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by the marine algae extract, Sargassum serratifolium (SS). The characteristic studies of bio-synthesized SS-AgNPs and SS-AuNPs were carried out by using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Phytochemicals in the algae extract, such as meroterpenoids, acted as a capping agent for the NPs’ growth. The synthesized Ag and Au NPs were found to have important catalytic activity for the degradation of organic dyes, including methylene blue, rhodamine B and methyl orange. The reduction of dyes by SS-AgNPs and -AuNPs followed the pseudo-first order kinetics.

Coupling plasmonic catalysis and nanocrystal growth through cyclic regeneration of NADH.

In a typical colloidal synthesis, the molecules of the reducing agent are irreversibly oxidized during nanocrystal growth. Such a scenario is of questionable sustainability when confronted with naturally occurring processes in which reducing agent molecules are cyclically regenerated. Here we show that cofactor molecules once consumed in the nucleation and growth of metallic nanocrystals can be photoregenerated using metallic nanocrystals as photocatalysts and reused in the subsequent nucleation process. Cyclic regeneration of cofactor molecules opens up the possibilities for the sustainable synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles.

Silk Polymers and Nanoparticles: A Powerful Combination for the Design of Versatile Biomaterials.

Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein largely used in the textile industry but also in biomedicine, catalysis, and other materials applications. SF is biocompatible, biodegradable, and possesses high tensile strength. Moreover, it is a versatile compound that can be formed into different materials at the macro, micro- and nano-scales, such as nanofibers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, microspheres, and other formats. Silk can be further integrated into emerging and promising additive manufacturing techniques like bioprinting, stereolithography or digital light processing 3D printing. As such, the development of methodologies for the functionalization of silk materials provide added value. Inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) have interesting and unexpected properties differing from bulk materials. These properties include better catalysis efficiency (better surface/volume ratio and consequently decreased quantify of catalyst), antibacterial activity, fluorescence properties, and UV-radiation protection or superparamagnetic behavior depending on the metal used. Given the promising results and performance of INPs, their use in many different procedures has been growing. Therefore, combining the useful properties of silk fibroin materials with those from INPs is increasingly relevant in many applications. Two main methodologies have been used in the literature to form silk-based bionanocomposites: in situ synthesis of INPs in silk materials, or the addition of preformed INPs to silk materials. This work presents an overview of current silk nanocomposites developed by these two main methodologies. An evaluation of overall INP characteristics and their distribution within the material is presented for each approach. Finally, an outlook is provided about the potential applications of these resultant nanocomposite materials.

Antibacterial Activity, Characterizations, and Biological Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles using the Extract of Aloe vera

Green nanotechnology is relatively new branch of science and technology with many interesting applications. This technology involves in the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) through green synthesis using extracts of plant-derived materials. Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs is a good alternative over the other conventional physical and chemical methods. This study deals with the green synthesis of manganese oxide (MnO2) NPs using the extract of Aloe vera. The green synthesized MnO2 NPs have been synthesized using various analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscope. MnO2 NPs were tested for antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus using well diffusion method. The experimental results were indicating that the MnO2 NPs are good antibacterial agents against different bacterial species.

Cross-Linked Polymers as Scaffolds for the Low-Temperature Preparation of Nanostructured Metal Oxides.

The current state of the art of the use of cross-linked organic polymers, both insoluble (resins or gels) and soluble (micro- and nanogels), as aids for the low-temperature preparation of stable metal oxide nanoparticles or nanostructured metal oxides is reviewed herein. Synthetic strategies for inorganic oxide nanomaterials of this kind can greatly benefit from the use of cross-linked polymers, which may act as scaffolds/exotemplates during inorganic nanoparticle synthesis, or as stabilizers following post-synthetic modification of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the peculiar properties of the organic cross-linked polymers add to those of the inorganic oxide nanoparticles, producing materials with combined properties. The potential applications of such highly promising composite nanomaterials will be also briefly sketched.