Synthesis Of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Research Articles

A magnetic cross-linked alginate-biobased nanocomposite with anticancer and hyperthermia activities

This research study focuses on a new magnetic nanobiocomposite designed and synthesized by the formation of cross-linked alginate (Alg) hydrogel using CaCl2 cross-linker agent, its modification with flaxseed mucilage hydrogel and silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer extracted, and as well, the in-situ synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) in the presence of this biopolymeric substrate. FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, VSM, and TG technical analyses clarified the physical and chemical features of magnetic cross-linked Alg/flaxseed mucilage hydrogel/SF nanobiocomposite. Following the structural characterization of this magnetic natural-based composition, the in-vitro cytotoxicity and hemolysis assay studies with different concentrations resulted in prominent biological outcomes. The survival rates of normal HEK293T cells (95.74%, 94.18%) and breast cancer BT549 cells (79.23%, 77.76%) after 48 and 72 h verified the biocompatibility and anticancer properties of this new nanobiocomposite. Also, less than 5% of the hemolytic effect disclosed its hemocompatibility. Furthermore, a high specific absorption rate value (72.42 W/g) is generated by 1 mg/mL of this magnetic nanobiocomposite. Overall, it can be deduced that magnetic responsive cross-linked Alg/flaxseed mucilage hydrogel/SF nanobiocomposite could functionally perform in magnetic hyperthermia treatment.

Development of magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst for enhanced Fenton and photo-Fenton degradation of MB and Cr(VI) photo-reduction

The present work reports the facile green synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and their Fenton and photo-Fenton catalytic activity for reduction reactions. The glucose-mediated MNPs exhibit spherical morphology with an average diameter of 6.3 ± 1.1 nm. The catalytic activity of MNPs evaluated for Fenton and the photo-Fenton reactions resulted in 92 and 93% dye degradation in just 120 and 75 min, respectively. The magnificence of this novel synthesis methodology is the higher efficiency of both processes at varied pH ranges. Different catalytic parameters like wide pH range, catalyst dose, and H2O2 concentrations have made it more effective for both processes. Besides, the reusability study showed 63.71 and 57.57% activity even after six cycles in Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, respectively. The scavenger study showed the involvement of •OHads over •OHfree in the Fenton process, where •OH was found as a prime source of dye degradation in the photo-Fenton process. Moreover, Fe3O4 MNPs successfully reduced the 80 ppm load of Cr(VI) within 25 min, which improved further to 15 min by adding a chelating agent. This Fenton and photo-Fenton magnetically reusable catalyst will indulge the development of water treatment in an eco-friendly and economical way with great potential.

GMR Biosensor Based on Spin-Valve Thin Films for Green-Synthesized Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles Label Detection

The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) thin film with spin valve (SV) structure of Ta (2 nm)/Ir20Mn80(10 nm)/Co90Fe10(3 nm)/Cu (2.2 nm)/Co84Fe10B4(10 nm)/Ta (5 nm)] fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering method with a magnetoresistance (MR) of 6% was used in this work. Green synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using Moringa Oleifera (MO) leaf extract have been successfully conducted using the coprecipitation method. Fe3O4 MNPs demonstrated the inverse cubic spinel structure with the average crystallite size of 13.8 nm and decreased to 11.8 nm for Fe3O4/PEG. Fe3O4, as a magnetic label, integrated with a Wheatstone bridge-GMR sensor provides access to GMR-based biosensors. The induced-field increase leads the signal (ΔV) to increase with increasing nanoparticle concentration. It was discovered that a sensor can distinguish different types of magnetic labels. The sensitivity for Fe3O4 and MO-green synthesized Fe3O4 magnetic label was 0.04 and 0.1 mV/g/L, respectively. The GMR sensor performed the highest sensitivity on the MO-green synthesized Fe3O4 label. Thus, the SV thin film as a sensor and the green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a superior magnetic label are an excellent combination for biosensor application.

Size-controlled synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via an alternating magnetic field and ultrasonic-assisted chemical co-precipitation

This study aimed to synthesize and develop a new procedure for the production of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using three efficient processes. Magnetic Fe3O4 nano-powder was simultaneously synthesized by chemical co-precipitation (CCP) method via ultrasonic waves and an alternating magnetic field-assisted. The effect of various agitation factors such as mechanical mixing, magnetic field and ultrasonic pulses was individually studied and then the effect of their binary combination on CCP synthesis investigated and optimized for large scale preparation of magnetite nanoparticles. The influence of KOH as the precipitation agent in different rates on the particle size and their features were studied as well. These magnetic nanoparticles had considerable properties such as an average particle size of 6 nm, lattice parameter of 8.3601 Å and optimum saturation magnetization of 57.25 emu/g. The results of various analyses indicated a high degree of crystalline, monophasic Fe nanoparticles of face-centered cubic structure and superparamagnetic behavior.

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new sulfanilamide-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, and the usability for carbonic anhydrase purification: is there perspective for ‘cancer treatment’ application?

This investigation indicated an efficient procedure to purify human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzyme through sulfanilamide-functionalized (γ-Fe2O3–CPTES–SA) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), where synthesis of Fe3O4 MNPs was carried out using co-precipitation reaction. Next, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) was used to modify Fe3O4 nanoparticles and lastly, the surface of the nanoparticles was functionalized with sulfanilamide (SA) as a carbonic anhydrase ligand/inhibitor for binding to hCA II. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed using various techniques. These characterization methods revealed that the MNPs were effectively coated with CPTES and SA, and the average diameter of the nanoparticles was approximately 21 nm. The possibility of interaction of γ-Fe2O3–CPTES–SA nanoparticles with hCA II was studied via multi-spectroscopic techniques. The protein isolated by this single-step procedure had high purity as confirmed by a single band on SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) which was also active after purification. By focusing on their drug loading capacity, and increasing their specificity and affinity to target CA-expressing cancer cells, the synthesized MNPs may dramatically impact the treatment of cancer and become suitable for clinical use in the near future. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles coated with cationic surfactants and their applications in Sb(V) removal from water

Antimony (Sb) pollution was an emerging environmental risk in several contaminated waters, whereas its removal still presented as a severe challenge due to the lack of efficient adsorbent and its further removal mechanism. In this study, synthesized absorbents, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe-MNPs) modified and dispersed with commonly used cationic surfactants, were applied to remove Sb contamination in real surface waters, its synthesized conditions, removal performance and mechanism were investigated by using batch experiments and characterization analyses. Optimum conditions on Sb(V) (the dominant form is Sb(OH)6−) removal by modified adsorbents were obtained as: cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) coated on Fe-MNPs, mass ratio of Fe-MNPs: CPC = 4:1 and pH = 3–5. Magnetic properties of synthesized adsorbent were not affected, dispersibility was enhanced after fabrication of CPC, that indicated the Fe-MNPs@CPC could be separated and reused with external magnetic field. The adsorption efficiency of this low-cost adsorbent coated with CPC was superior than several traditional adsorbents. The practical application of Fe-MNPs@CPC in five types real waters from the Xikuangshan (XKS) Sb mine area and regeneration experiments by 1 M (mol/L) NaOH solution further confirm its practicability and reusability. Removal experiment results, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra suggested that electrostatic attraction and surface bonding might responsible for the Sb(V) removal by Fe-MNPs modified with cationic surfactants.

Curing epoxy with electrochemically synthesized CoxFe3-xO4 magnetic nanoparticles

Electrochemical method was utilized in one-pot synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and also cobalt (Co)-doped MNPs in which Co2+ cations were exchanged partially with Fe2+ in the ferrite structure. Different techniques including vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used in characterization of MNPs’ structural changes. Well-characterized nanoparticles were then incorporated into epoxy/amine system to study their curing potential on the ground of the effect of Fe2+ and Co2+ cations. A very low amount of MNPs was applied in preparation of epoxy/Fe3O4 and epoxy/Co2+-Fe3O4 nanocomposites to comparatively infer the sensitivity of epoxy curing reaction to Fe2+ and Co2+ cations. Nonisothermal DSC was utilized under different heating rates to evaluate curability of nanocomposites in terms of Cure Index. Overall, the amount of heat released in the course of curing of nanocomposites containing Co2+-doped MNPs was significantly higher than that for epoxy/MNPs system, demonstrating that Co2+ doping improves the curing reaction between epoxy and curing agent. This was qualitatively approved by a shift seen from Poor to Good cure, particularly at lower heating rates, demonstrated by the Cure Index.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles from iron ore

The synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) from iron ore as source of Fe3O4 has been done. Fe3O4 MNPs were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for phase and size, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer for bonding, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer for magnetic properties. XRD pattern confirms the existence of a Fe3O4 phase and size average 15 nm and suitable for magnetic nanoparticles. FTIR spectrum shows a band at 418-480 cm−1 and 603 cm−1 for the Fe-O bond vibration from Fe3O4. The coercivity, remanence, and magnetization saturation of the Fe3O4 MNPs studied in this investigation are 59.34 Oe, 30.43 emu/g, and 2.68 emu/g respectively and these observations indicate that the sample approaches towards superparamagnetic behaviour. This study agree with the result previously reported.

Magnetic solid phase extraction with carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles coupled to HPLC-UV for the simultaneous determination of losartan, carvedilol, and amlodipine besylate in plasma samples

In this paper, a chemical coprecipitation method was used for the synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were then modified by carbon via a simple hydrothermal method by using glucose. The synthesized Fe3O4 and carbon-coated Fe3O4 (C/Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by diverse techniques such as XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, and BET. The characterization results were confirmed the formation of the uniformly magnetic nanoparticles and a successful modification of them by carbon. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups on the C/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles surface. The magnetic nanoparticles were used for extraction of losartan, carvedilol, and amlodipine besylate from plasma samples based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) technique. The effective parameters on extraction efficiency were optimized by multivariate optimization. Under the optimized experimental conditions the MSPE method showed wide linear ranges (1–7500 ng mL−1), low detection limits (0.09–0.69 ng mL−1), good extraction recoveries (56.35–66.43%), and low RSD values (1.6–5.8%). Despite high protein binding of the drugs, the analyses of them were done without protein precipitation. The accuracy was studied by analyses of the spiked plasma samples at different concentrations.

Electrochemical Device for the Synthesis of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles

This work introduced a new electrochemical device for the synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. It is established based on a scarified rotating cylindrical Fe anode in an alkaline aqueous medium, at room temperature, in the presence of NaCl, without any chemical agent or surfactant. This technique is easy to scale up and controllable, so that by changing the parameters such as the rotating speed, current density, electrode interval, and electrolysis time, the size and morphology of the particles can be changed. The physical properties of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, VSM, DLS, and XRD methods. From the standpoint of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency, this technique's use of water as both a solvent and reactant (OH− generation), safe and cheap reagents, electricity instead of chemical reagents, room temperature and pressure, short reaction time, and scalability.

Unique role of 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate as an ionic liquid in the synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and preparation of pyridine derivatives in the presence of a new magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalyst

In this paper, 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) was used as the first functionalized ionic liquid for the facile, economical and environmentally friendly synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by a co-precipitation method. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used as solid material for supporting 2-HEAA (Fe3O4-2-HEAA). The newly prepared Fe3O4-2-HEAA was characterized by TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA and elemental analysis and successfully applied as a magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient one-pot, three-component synthesis of 2-amino-3,5-dicarbonitrile-6-thio-pyridines. The catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and reused at least five times without significant degradation in the activity.

Uniformly dispersed copper nanoparticles onto the modified magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for aqueous synthesis of primary amides

Magnetically recoverable and environmentally friendly Cu‐based heterogeneous catalyst has been synthesized for the one‐pot conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding primary amides. The Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which was then coated with a silica shell via Stöber method. Bi‐functional cysteine amino acid was covalently bonded onto the siliceous shell of nanocatalyst. The CuII ions were then loaded onto the modified surface of nanocatalyst. Finally, uniformly dispersed copper nanoparticles were achieved by reduction of CuII ions with NaBH4. Amidation reaction of aryl halides with electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups and hydroxylamine hydrochloride catalyzed with Fe3O4@SiO2@Cysteine‐copper (FSC‐Cu) MNPs in aqueous condition gave an excellent yield of products. The FSC‐Cu MNPs could be easily isolated from the reaction mixture with an external magnet and reused at least 8 times without significant loss in activity.

Green arbitrated synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with nanorod structure from pomegranate leaves and Congo red dye degradation studies for water treatment

An efficient, cost effective and eco-friendly approach has been developed for the synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanorods (MNRs) using aqueous extract of Pomegranate leaves (PG). The synthesized PG-Fe3O4 MNRs were characterized by using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized PG-Fe3O4 MNRs confirmed by Raman scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that PG-Fe3O4 MNRs are well dispersed with uniform size (45–60nm) and exhibits high specific surface area of 14.6m2g−1 calculated using BET adsorption-desorption method. The magnetic behavior of PG-Fe3O4 nanorods was studied using vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM) at 300K, and the results obtained shows enhanced magnetic properties of saturation magnetization (Ms, ~59.0emu/g), remnant magnetization (Mr, ~15.5emu/g) and coercivity (Hc, 220Oe). Furthermore, we also reported the use of the synthesized PG-Fe3O4MNRs as an adsorbent to dispose of the Congo red (CR) containing waste water, which exhibited more favorable adsorptive properties as compared to the bulk-metal oxides with low surface area.

Magnetically Recoverable Gold Nanorods as a Novel Catalyst for the Facile Reduction of Nitroarenes Under Aqueous Conditions

In this work, cysteine-functionalized Fe3O4@Carbon magnetic nanoparticles were used for the synthesis of gold nanorods. Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were first prepared by synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and then carbon-coated MNPs (Fe3O4@C) were synthesized by glucose carbonization using a hydrothermal method. Finally, the gold NRs were loaded on the modified surface of Fe3O4@C MNPs. The designed magnetically recoverable gold nanorods, after full characterization by FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, VSM, XRD, and ICP-OES, were applied to the reduction of nitroarenes. The Fe3O4@C@Cys–Au nanorods showed higher performance than Fe3O4@C@Cys–Au nanospheres in a selective facile reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding aminoarenes in aqueous medium at room temperature using NaBH4.

Biogenic synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles using Pisum sativum peels extract and its effect on magnetic and Methyl orange dye degradation studies

We have been developed facile and ecofriendly method for the synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using an aqueous extract of Pisum sativum peels (PS) is used as reducing and capping agent. The as synthesized PS-Fe3O4 MNPs are characterized by diverse techniques such as FTIR, powder XRD, TEM, BET and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The results show that the obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibits high specific surface area (∼17.6m2/g) and agglomerated spherical in shape with the size range of 20–30nm. The magnetic properties of PS-Fe3O4 MNPs sample clearly exhibits ferromagnetic nature with a saturation magnetization of 64.2emu/g. Further, the catalytic properties of PS-Fe3O4 MNPs for degradation of Methyl orange (MO) dye in aqueous solution have been investigated by UV–visible spectroscopy. The results show that PS-Fe3O4 MNPs is an efficient catalyst for degradation of Methyl orange dye than previously reported ones.

Synthesis of Polymer-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles from Red Mud Waste for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Offshore Reservoirs

Buried red mud waste from groundwater refineries can cause pollution. The aim of this paper is to utilize this mud for the synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Then, MNPs are encapsulated by a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate via oleic acid linker. MNPs are prepared by a controlled co-precipitation method in the presence of a dispersant and surface-modified agents to achieve a high hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface. Mini-emulsion polymerization was conducted to construct a core–shell structure with MNPs as core and the copolymer as shell. The core–shell structure of the obtained particles enables them to disperse well in brine and to stabilize at high-temperature environments. The chemical structures and morphology of this nanocomposite were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite was evaluated via a thermogravimetric analysis method for the solid state and an annealing experiment for the liquid state. The nanocomposite is about 14 nm, disperses well in brine and is thermally stable in the solid state. The blends of synthesized nanocomposite and carboxylate surfactant effectively reduced the interfacial tension between crude oil and brine, and remained thermally stable after 31 days annealed at 100°C. Therefore, a nanofluid of copolymer/magnetic nanocomposite can be applied as an enhanced oil recovery agent for harsh environments in offshore reservoirs.

Ionothermal synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants with H2O2

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are attractive heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for oxidative degradation of organic pollutants with H2O2. Herein highly efficient and stable Fe3O4 MNPs (Fe3O4-op-DES, ca. 10nm) were successfully prepared via a novel oxidative precipitation-combined ionothermal synthesis, which comprised oxidative precipitation of FeSO4·7H2O in choline chloride:2urea deep eutectic solvent. Among five different Fe3O4 particles tested, Fe3O4-op-DES MNPs exhibited the highest catalytic activity with the activation energy of 47.6kJmol−1 for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) with H2O2 under the same conditions (Fe3O4 dosage of 0.50gL−1, H2O2 concentration of 40mmolL−1, pH 6.4, 55°C, 2h). Fe3O4-op-DES MNPs were magnetically recoverable, and had good catalytic stability and recyclability without the need of regeneration (>98% degradation efficiency of RhB in 2h and pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0376min−1 after having been continuously running for 12h). The superior catalytic performance of Fe3O4-op-DES MNPs was attributed to the combination of multiple technologically important features, including the nanometer size, high Fe2+ content, large surface area, high density of surface active sites and stable crystal structure (no phase transformation, negligible iron leaching and particle aggregation after reaction). The wide applicability of Fe3O4-op-DES MNPs was also demonstrated by the degradation of four other organic pollutants.

Bio-inspired green synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles using watermelon rinds and their catalytic activity

Novel and bio-inspired magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using watermelon rinds (WR) which are nontoxic and biodegradable. Watermelon rind extract was used as a solvent and capping and reducing agent in the synthesis. The Fe3o4 MNPs were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques (VSM). XRD studies revealed a high degree of crystalline and monophasic Fe nanoparticles of face-centered cubic stricture. FTIR analysis proved that particles are reduced and stabilized in solution by the capping agent that is likely to be proteins secreted by the biomass. The present process in an excellent candidate for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles that is simple, easy to execute, pollutant free and inexpensive. A practical and convenient method for the synthesis of highly stable and small-sized iron nanoparticles with a narrow distribution from 2 to 20 nm is reported. Also, the MNPs present in higher saturation magnetization (Ms) of 14.2 emu/g demonstrate tremendous magnetic response behavior. However, the synthesized iron nanoparticles were used as a catalyst for the preparation of biologically interesting 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives in high yields. These results exhibited that the synthesized Fe3O4 MNPs could be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis.

Surfactant-free green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylcarbamodithioate: stable recyclable magnetic nanoparticles for the rapid and efficient removal of Hg(II) ions from water.

Mercury is considered one of the most notorious global pollutants due to its high toxicity and widespread use in industry. Although many materials have been developed for the removal of mercury for water purification, most of these materials are difficult to reuse, which may lead to an increase in the mercury handling expense. Therefore, new sustainable materials that can be easily recycled and are highly efficient for the removal of mercury are required. Herein, we report the surfactant-free green synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using a watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind extract. The Fe3O4 MNPs were further functionalized with 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylcarbamodithioate (DHPCT) and applied to the removal of Hg(ii). Evaluation of the mercury removal efficiency and the amount adsorbed by DHPCT@Fe3O4 MNPs demonstrated a high Hg(ii) removal efficiency (98%) with a maximum Hg(ii) adsorption capacity of 52.1 mg g(-1). Systematic studies of the adsorption mechanism and selectivity suggest that the soft ligand (DHPCT) can preferentially coordinate with the soft metal ion (Hg(ii)) resulting in selective mercury removal. The developed DHPCT@Fe3O4 MNPs were readily recycled several times using an external magnet by exploiting their ferromagnetic character, without a significant decline in the Hg(ii) removal efficiency. This study provides a new insight into the preparation of a highly efficient adsorbent for Hg(ii) removal by an eco-friendly method.