Synthesis Of Butyl Research Articles

Novel Synthesis of Butyl (S)-2-Hydroxybutanoate, the Key Intermediate of PPARα Agonist (R)-K-13675 from Butyl (2S,3R)-Epoxybutanoate and Butyl (S)-2,3-Epoxypropanoate

Novel synthetic methods for the production of butyl ( S )-2-hydroxybutanoate starting from butyl (2 S ,3 R )-epoxybutanoate or butyl ( S )-2,3-epoxypropanoate were established. The former method utilized the regioselective thiolysis of the epoxybutanoate mediated by scandium triflate and subsequent reductive cleavage of the thioether to give butyl ( S )-2-hydroxybutanoate with stereochemical retention in quantitative yield. The latter method utilized one-step conversion by a combination of methylmagnesium bromide and copper catalyst in high yield.

Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of butyl N-(3-chloropropyl)-(2S)-alaninate hydrochloride

The synthesis of butyl N-(3-chloropropyl)-(2S)-alaninate hydrochloride is reported here. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structure of butyl N-(3-chloropropyl)-(2S)-alaninate hydrochloride was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.

Direct conversion of xylan into alkyl pentosides

Xylan has been used as a raw material in the synthesis of butyl, octyl and decyl glycosides. Mixtures of d-xylose-, l-arabinose- and d-glucose-based surfactants were obtained under smooth conditions with high yields in a one-pot process. The surface activities of octyl and decyl glycosides thus obtained have been studied and compared with that of pure alkyl d-xylosides. The results have confirmed that the new synthetic approach described in this paper is a potentially economical and efficient method for the preparation of environmentally friendly surfactants.

Synthesis of butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate diblock copolymers by coupling of two telomers

Diblock copolymers are obtained by addition of monofunctional telomers to aromatic diisocyanates [telomers of butyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate with mercaptoethanol]. These copolymers were synthesized in two steps: preparation of a prepolymer from a monofunctional telomer and a diisocyanate, then, condensation of the prepolymer isocyanate function with a second telomer. Acrylic diblock copolymers with different chain lengths have been prepared according to this procedure.

Opposing effects of daminozide and ethylene on the induction of flesh softening in apple fruits

SummaryApple trees were sprayed in late July with daminozide in four seasons to suppress ethylene production and softening of harvested fruit stored in 2% O2, <1% CO2 at 3.5°C. In two out of three years daminozide applied at 0.43 g l−1 was ineffective whereas ethylene production, softening and the rise of soluble pectin were inhibited by 0.85 or 1.7 g l−1. In the third season all the spray treatments were ineffective. In bulk storage experiments a combination of daminozide treatment and ethylene removal by potassium permanganate-impregnated vermiculite led to the retention of fruit firmness in two years out of three; untreated fruit and fruit which received only one of the treatments softened to a similar extent. The dual treatment also inhibited the solubilization of pectin and the synthesis of butyl and hexyl acetates during ripening after storage. Whereas daminozide-treated fruit had higher chlorophyll levels than untreated fruit, ethylene removal had no effect on chlorophyll loss. A taste panel distinguished the low ethylene-daminozide treated fruit as firmer and less mealy than other treatments. However, this fruit had a higher incidence of storage disorders.