Synergy Effect Research Articles

H2-Rich Gas Production from Gasification of Oily Sludge via Supercritical Water Technology: Synergy Effect of KOH, K2CO3, and Reaction Parameters

Yielding H2 as a sustainable gaseous fuel from oily sludge is of critical importance in mitigating the environmental effects linked with the usage of conventional fossil fuels. The deficiency in the drying of biomass has ensued to the exploration of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) as an effective method for harvesting H2-rich gas. This study utilized a combination of two alkali catalysts (KOH and K2CO3) in supercritical water to generate a H2-rich gas from a conventional oily sludge. The Box-Behnken design was utilized to assess the impact of different operational variables, including temperature (400-600°C), feed concentration (FC) (between 5 and 25 wt.%), residence time (RT) (15-45 min), and catalyst to feed mass ratios (FMR) (0-0.50). The maximum production of H2 at 3.22 mmolg-feed-1 was achieved under optimal conditions of 600°C, 32.76 min, and a KOH to FMR of 0.45 and K2CO3 to FMR of 0.28.

Enhancing CO tolerance in hydrogen oxidation reaction through synergy of surface-modified MoOx with PtRu alloy

Even trace amounts of CO impurities present in low-cost crude hydrogen can severely poison Pt-based catalysts. For proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the development of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts capable of enduring CO contamination is of significant economic importance. In this study, we propose a new strategy to synergistically enhance the CO tolerance of PtRu alloys by incorporating MoOx. The MoOx modified on PtRu/C catalysts can initiate the oxidation of CO adsorbed on its surface at potentials as low as 0.125 V. The synergy effect of MoOx and bifunctional PtRu ensures sufficient HOR stability even under hydrogen containing high CO concentrations. The resulting PtRu-MoOx/C catalyst exhibits a 4.6-fold increase in remained HOR current compared to commercial PtRu/C, after two hours in a hydrogen environment containing 10,000 ppm CO. Under typical testing condition of H2/1,000 ppm CO, PtRu-MoOx/C maintains over 80 % of the initial current density even after ten hours, significantly outperforming PtRu/C (30 %) and most previously reported catalysts.

Recent Advances in High-Entropy Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for Alkali Metal-Ion Batteries.

Since the electrochemical de/intercalation behavior is first detected in 1980, layered oxides have become the most promising cathode material for alkali metal-ion batteries (Li+/Na+/K+; AMIBs) owing to their facile synthesis and excellent theoretical capacities. However, the inherent drawbacks of unstable structural evolution and sluggish diffusion kinetics deteriorate their electrochemical performance, limiting further large-scale applications. To solve these issues, the novel and promising strategy of high entropy has been widely applied to layered oxide cathodes for AMIBs in recent years. Through multielement synergy and entropy stabilization effects, high-entropy layered oxides (HELOs) can achieve adjustable activity and enhanced stability. Herein, the basic concepts, design principles, and synthesis methods of HELO cathodes are introduced systematically. Notably, it explores in detail the improvements of the high-entropy strategy on the limitations of layered oxides, highlighting the latest advances in high-entropy layered cathode materials in the field of AMIBs. In addition, it introduces advanced characterization and theoretical calculations for HELOs and proposes potential future research directions and optimization strategies, providing inspiration for researchers to develop advanced HELO cathode materials in the areas of energy storage and conversion.

Independent and joint associations of urinary potassium excretion with cardiovascular death: a national population-based cohort study

Abstract Background Elevated potassium excretion is associated with lower blood pressure, as well as reduced risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death. However, the impact of varied sodium levels on this association remains a topic of debate, and the mediators of this association besides blood pressure remain uncertain. Purpose To examine the joint association of potassium and sodium with CVD mortality risk, and to identify potential mediating factors of this association. Methods Based on the ChinaHEART (China Health Evaluation And risk Reduction through nationwide Teamwork) project, participants aged 35-75 from 239 sites across all 31 provinces in the mainland of China were recruited from November 2014 to December 2022. We collected spot urine samples from participants and estimated 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion using the Kawasaki formula. Death records were captured through data linkage with the National Mortality Surveillance System and Vital Registration. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the association between potassium excretion and CVD death, as well as to examine the addictive interaction of potassium and sodium. Results This study included 270,991 participants with a mean age of 55.8±9.8 years, and 60.5% of them were female. The mean potassium excretion was 54.36±12.58 mmol/d , which was higher in males and people living in the north. Findings revealed a positive correlation between low urinary potassium levels and CVD death , and the lowest adjusted hazard rate for CVD mortality was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.58-0.73) in the group with the highest potassium excretion (i.e. ≥64.27 mmol/d) compared with the reference group (<43.79 mmol/d), after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, medical histories, and lifestyles. Age modified the association between potassium excretion and risk of CVD death (P for interaction=0.031). In addition to systolic blood pressure (16.6%), heart rate (2.2%) also served as the significant mediator between urinary potassium excretion and CVD death. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) of lower potassium excretion and lower sodium was significantly positive (RERI=0.22, 95% CI: 0.02-0.42), which implied the synergy effect. Conclusion Potassium intake in the Chinese population is evidently lower than the guideline recommendations, and increasing potassium intake, especially in the population aged <65 years, may reduce the risk and burden of cardiovascular and other diseases. Moreover, when sodium intake is insufficient, supplementation with both sodium and potassium salt can achieve greater health benefits.Graphic abstract

Proposals on Effective Implementation of the Carbon Intensity Indication of Ships

The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation is a short-term measure of IMO for reducing GHG emissions from ships. In addition, the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy describes that the CII regulation is anticipated to create a potential synergy effect with other measures. Accordingly, the CII regulation, which took effect in 2023, is forecast to increasingly impact international shipping and the commercial vessel market. However, efforts to improve energy efficiency and implement slow steaming for ships are insufficient to meet the CII regulation that is increasingly stringent over time. Therefore, there is a growing need for fundamental improvements in future response strategies. In this study, major causes of low CII ratings for ships were investigated from a recent consulting project that was conducted to support shipping companies in satisfying the regulation from operational and technical perspectives. Lastly, proposals to implement the CII regulation effectively and to reduce GHG emissions from ships fundamentally were made, taking into account the major causes derived from the consulting.

Characterization of bacteriophage vB_AbaS_SA1 and its synergistic effects with antibiotics against clinical multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections globally. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii has become an important public health concern. To combat drug resistance, alternative methods such as phage therapy have been suggested. In total, 30 MDR A. baumannii strains were isolated from clinical specimens, and their antibiotic susceptibilities were determined. The Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaS_SA1, isolated from hospital sewage, was characterized. In addition to its plaque size, particle morphology, and host range, its genome sequence was determined and annotated. Finally, the antibacterial effects of phage alone, antibiotics alone, and phage/antibiotic combinations were assessed against the A. baumannii strains. Phage vB_AbaS_SA1 had siphovirus morphology, showed a latent period of 20 minutes, and a 250 PFU/cell (plaque forming unit/cell) burst size. When combined with antibiotics, vB_AbaS_SA1 (SA1) showed a significant phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) effect and reduced the overall effective concentration of antibiotics in time-kill assessments. The genome of SA1 is a linear double-stranded DNA of 50,108bp in size with a GC content of 39.15%. Despite the potent antibacterial effect of SA1, it is necessary to perform additional research to completely elucidate the mechanisms of action and potential constraints associated with utilizing this bacteriophage.

Neural Approach to Coordinate Transformation for LiDAR–Camera Data Fusion in Coastal Observation

The paper presents research related to coastal observation using a camera and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) mounted on an unmanned surface vehicle (USV). Fusion of data from these two sensors can provide wider and more accurate information about shore features, utilizing the synergy effect and combining the advantages of both systems. Fusion is used in autonomous cars and robots, despite many challenges related to spatiotemporal alignment or sensor calibration. Measurements from various sensors with different timestamps have to be aligned, and the measurement systems need to be calibrated to avoid errors related to offsets. When using data from unstable, moving platforms, such as surface vehicles, it is more difficult to match sensors in time and space, and thus, data acquired from different devices will be subject to some misalignment. In this article, we try to overcome these problems by proposing the use of a point matching algorithm for coordinate transformation for data from both systems. The essence of the paper is to verify algorithms based on selected basic neural networks, namely the multilayer perceptron (MLP), the radial basis function network (RBF), and the general regression neural network (GRNN) for the alignment process. They are tested with real recorded data from the USV and verified against numerical methods commonly used for coordinate transformation. The results show that the proposed approach can be an effective solution as an alternative to numerical calculations, due to process improvement. The image data can provide information for identifying characteristic objects, and the obtained accuracies for platform dynamics in the water environment are satisfactory (root mean square error—RMSE—smaller than 1 m in many cases). The networks provided outstanding results for the training set; however, they did not perform as well as expected, in terms of the generalization capability of the model. This leads to the conclusion that processing algorithms cannot overcome the limitations of matching point accuracy. Further research will extend the approach to include information on the position and direction of the vessel.

CFD Analysis of Takeoff from a Water Surface for an Insect-Scale Aerial/Aquatic Robot

To develop an insect-scale aerial/aquatic robot, we analyzed takeoff mechanisms to counteract surface tension, such as paddling, slapping, and clap-and-fling. Because a diving beetle, Eretes griseus, takes off directly from the water surface, a flapping-wing robot is promising as an alternative to a drone with multiple rotary wings. In this study, we first investigated diving beetle flight with a three-dimensional high-speed camera system and analyzed the motion characteristics. Subsequently, we developed a computational fluid dynamics method that tracked the water surface using a volume of fluid method, reproduced the motion with a multibody model, treated the deformation of the elastic membrane wing with the phase delay of the joint angle functions, and simulated takeoff, that is, the transition from water to air, and hovering near the water surface. The simulation result showed that during the transition, the slapping motion exerted the maximum and average lift per unit of body weight of 18 and 9.2, respectively, while those of paddling produced 0.46 and 0.23, respectively. The water surface effect improved the lift by 25% at the normalized height of less than 0.44 and disappeared at a height greater than 0.7. During hovering, while the clap-and-fling motion improved lift by 2.6% and the water surface effect was 9.8%, the synergy effect was 22%. In addition, the former enhanced it significantly after the fling, while the latter was remarkable during the wing acceleration phase. In contrast to ground effects, flapping reduced the water level and caused the ripples, dynamically changing the water surface effect.

Ultrasound-triggered and glycosylation inhibition-enhanced tumor piezocatalytic immunotherapy.

Nanocatalytic immunotherapy holds excellent potential for future cancer therapy due to its rapid activation of the immune system to attack tumor cells. However, a high level of N-glycosylation can protect tumor cells, compromising the anticancer immunity of nanocatalytic immunotherapy. Here, we show a 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and bismuth ferrite co-loaded gel (DBG) scaffold for enhanced cancer piezocatalytic immunotherapy. After the implantation in the tumor, DBG generates both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and piezoelectric signals when excited with ultrasound irradiation, significantly promoting the activation of anticancer immunity. Meanwhile, 2-DG released from ROS-sensitive DBG disrupts the N-glycans synthesis, further overcoming the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors. The synergy effects of ultrasound-triggered and glycosylation inhibition enhanced tumor piezocatalytic immunotherapy are demonstrated on four mouse cancer models. A "hot" tumor-immunity niche is produced to inhibit tumor progress and lung metastasis and elicit strong immune memory effects. This work provides a promising piezocatalytic immunotherapy for malignant solid tumors featuring both low immunogenicity and high levels of N-glycosylation.

Enhancing Lubrication Performance of Ga–In–Sn Liquid Metal via Electrochemical Boronising Treatment

ABSTRACTAs one of the liquid metals, Ga–In–Sn liquid metals can function as an advanced lubricant with high conductivity in a tribology system. It has already revealed advancements in several applications, such as coolants and electromechanical relays. However, Ga–In–Sn liquid metal shows poor lubrication performance on industrial metallic materials, which limits its application in engineering. In this study, the electrochemical boronising strategy was applied to improve the lubrication effect of Ga–In–Sn liquid metal on steel friction pairs. Electrochemical boronising treatment was performed to the base material AISI 52100, and a boronised layer with a thickness of around 64 μm was generated. Tribology tests were carried out on both boronised and original samples with the lubrication of Ga–In–Sn liquid metal (68.5 wt% Ga, 21.5 wt% In and 10 wt% Sn). Results show that the wear resistance of the tribo‐system reveals great improvement: The coefficient of friction decreases by 59% and the wear rate drops 85% compared to the steel/steel friction pair. EDS and XPS results show that a tribofilm consisted of Fe/Ga was in situ–generated on the wear scar of the boronised sample, which results in the synergy effect between the boronised layer and the Ga–In–Sn liquid metal. Therefore, we provided a robust strategy to enhance the lubrication performance of Ga–In–Sn liquid metal on a steel friction pair by using electrochemical boronising treatment, which could broaden the application field of Ga–In–Sn liquid metals.

The internal synergy effect of the dual-oriented HRM system on employee ethical behaviors

The internal synergy effect of the dual-oriented HRM system on employee ethical behaviors

Energy transfer-mediated multiphoton synergistic excitation for selective C(sp3)–H functionalization with coordination polymer

Activation and selective oxidation of inert C(sp3)–H bonds remain one of the most challenging tasks in current synthetic chemistry due to the inherent inertness of C(sp3)–H bonds. In this study, inspired by natural monooxygenases, we developed a coordination polymer with naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based ligands and binuclear iron nodes. The mixed-valence FeIIIFeII species and chlorine radicals (Cl•) are generated via ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) between FeIII and chlorine ions. These Cl• radicals abstract a hydrogen atom from the inert C(sp3)–H bond of alkanes via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). In addition, NDI converts oxygen to 1O2 via energy transfer (EnT), which then coordinates to FeII, forming an FeIV = O intermediate for the selective oxidation of C(sp3)–H bonds. This synthetic platform, which combines photoinduced EnT, LMCT and HAT, provides a EnT-mediated parallel multiphoton excitation strategy with kinetic synergy effect for selective C(sp3)–H oxidation under mild conditions and a blueprint for designing coordination polymer-based photocatalysts for C(sp3)–H bond oxidation.

9316 Modulation Of Intracellular Lipid Access By ATGL Determines Ferroptosis Sensitivity In Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract Disclosure: P. Cao: None. D. Awad: None. J. Han: None. D.E. Frigo: Grant Recipient; Self; GTx, Inc.. Other; Self; Familial relationship with Biocity Biopharmaceuticals, Hummingbird Bioscience, Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Maia Biotechnology, Alms Therapeutics, Hinova Pharmaceuticals and Barricade Therapeutics. Ferroptosis induction has recently been recognized as a novel therapeutic approach to alter the outcomes of drug-resistant cancer. Ferroptosis is cell death that is caused by the intracellular accumulation of toxic lipid hydroperoxides. Due to their elevated metabolism, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCs) are highly prone to ferroptosis; yet, many of them manage to avert this cellular fate. We have identified a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), that engenders CRPCs with the ability to resist ferroptosis. Our data has shown that ATGL deletion by CRISPR-Cas9 knockout method sensitized human CRPC cell lines such as C4-2, C4-2BLT, and PC3 cells to the ferroptosis inducer RSL3. In all cases, RSL3-mediated cell death could be blocked by the antioxidant Ferrostatin-1, confirming ferroptosis as the mechanism of cell death. Knocking out ATGL also augmented the ferroptosis inducer-mediated increase in lipid peroxides as indicated by the increased ratio of oxidized to non-oxidized C11-BODIPY 581/591. With regards to the mechanism for the sensitivity of ATGL KO to ferroptosis induction, previous research has established that the enzyme long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) is universally essential to facilitate ferroptosis. More specifically, ATGL(PNPLA2) was found to inversely correlate with ACSL4 in the Taylor et al., the TCGA PanCancer Atlas, and Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma (SU2C/PCF Dream Team) datasets in both primary and metastatic tumors. qPCR and western blot analysis of ACSL4 levels further showed that ACSL4 expression is closely tied to the lipase activity of ATGL. Addition of arachidonic acid significantly induced ferroptosis when combined with RSL3 in a dose-dependent manner only in ATGL KO cells. This indicates that PUFAs can render ATGL KO cells even more sensitive to RSL3-induced ferroptosis while cells with functional ATGL remain highly resistant, further reinforcing that ATGL is an essential safeguard of CRPC against ferroptosis. ATGL KO cells also demonstrated sensitivity to the antiandrogen Enzalutamide. The combination of Enzalutamide and RSL3 substantially decreased cell viability in ATGL KO cells as compared to control cells, indicating a strong synergy effect particularly seen in ATGL KO cells. In summary, this work demonstrates that ATGL is an important and novel regulator of ferroptosis in CRPC and supports the use of ferroptosis inducer as a new therapeutic approach in CRPC. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Pd modified by Fe-Nx confined in N-doped carbon with hierarchical mesoporous structure for the highly efficient semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene

The removal of small amounts of phenylacetylene from styrene is a crucial step in the production of high-quality styrene feedstocks. In the presence of a large amount of styrene and a small amount of phenylacetylene, achieving and maintaining high selectivity of styrene remains a significant challenge. In this work, a catalyst denoted as Pd1.25-Fe-N-C/VC was designed and synthesized with remarkably low Pd loading (the actual Pd content was 0.96 wt%). The catalyst exhibited a satisfactory selectivity for styrene (>95 %) and maintained high selectivity levels (>90 %) in the semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene even with prolonged reaction time. Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were well distributed and securely anchored onto the Fe-N-C/VC support with a hierarchical mesoporous structure, which obtained from the pyrolysis of a hexagonal star-like Fe-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework with vitamin C surfactant (Fe-doped ZIF/VC). The remarkable catalytic properties may be partly ascribed to the effective synergy effect of the uniformly well-dispersed Fe-Nx (x represents the coordination number) with Pd active centers, which could modulate the adsorption kinetics of the reactant alkynes and alkenes and thus enhancing the selectivity towards styrene. Meanwhile, the hierarchical mesoporous structure is beneficial for the mass transfer, which can effectively promote the interactions between the reactants and active centers. Possible mechanism for the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene catalyzed by Pd1.25-Fe-N-C/VC was also illustrated. Moreover, the Pd1.25-Fe-N-C/VC catalyst exhibited sustained catalytic activity and selectivity even after four continuous cycle tests, showing notable reusability and stability. This work may offer a promising approach for creating highly efficient Pd-based catalysts with remarkably low Pd loading for phenylacetylene semi-hydrogenation.

Synergy effect of nozzle structure and pre-chamber reactivity on the combustion characteristics of ammonia engines

Ammonia (NH3) offers an attractive opportunity for internal combustion engines (ICE) to be carbon–neutral. An active pre-chamber fueled with hydrogen might be suitable to overcome the poor combustion characteristics of ammonia engines. The primary goal of this work is to numerically study the combustion characteristics of ammonia engines with a hydrogen-fueled pre-chamber, and the synergy effect of nozzle structure and pre-chamber reactivity (hydrogen quantity) are also considered. The results show that the hydrogen fraction is reduced to a low degree in the pre-chamber because of the scavenging process. Thus, it is better to inject hydrogen into the pre-chamber during the compression stroke. Although high pre-chamber reactivity is effective in improving the main chamber combustion, a multi-hole pre-chamber is needed to get the maximum promoting effect of the high reactivity when compared to the single-nozzle pre-chamber. For multi-hole pre-chamber, 2 mm is the recommended nozzle diameter when considering the promoting effect, and the recommended area-volume ratio (nozzle number) is increased with the pre-chamber reactivity. For nitrogen-based emissions, the distribution strongly depends on the flame characteristics. High pre-chamber reactivity can significantly reduce the NH3 emissions, while NO emissions will increase with the pre-chamber reactivity. The current study can give some insights and be a preface for the development of ammonia engines.

Public spending and sustainable economic development

Purpose Despite the increase in public spending by Sub-Saharan African (SSA) Governments in a bid to foster the growth of human capital and sustainable development, they continue to experience a very slow rate of progress. This study aims to investigate the impacts of public spending on sustainable economic development in SSA. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts the system generalized method of moments to account for cross-sectional dependence and endogeneity for 38 SSA countries from 1996 to 2019. Findings The findings indicate that public spending inhibits sustainable economic development while human capital enhances sustainable economic development in SSA. Furthermore, the study equally reveals that the development-inhibiting role of public spending is modulated through human capital and governance quality. Public spending interacts with human capital and governance quality to produce negative net effects and positive synergy effects, respectively. Originality/value Based on these findings, the study suggests that governments in SSA countries should discourage heavy dependence on public spending. Policies that provide a framework for financial incentives in the domain of health and education should be encouraged to increase investment in human capital.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of dinoflagellate communities in the Taiwan Strait and their correlations with micro-eukaryotic and bacterial communities

Dinoflagellate blooms have negative adverse effects on marine ecosystems. However, our knowledge about the spatiotemporal distribution of dinoflagellate communities and their correlations with micro-eukaryotic and bacterial communities is still rare. Here, the sediment micro-eukaryotic and bacterial communities were explored in the Taiwan Strait (TWS) by 16S and 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. We found that the dinoflagellates were the most abundant algal group in TWS, and their relative abundance was higher in spring and autumn than in summer. Moreover, the species richness and community composition of dinoflagellates showed strong seasonal patterns. NO3-N and NH4-N had the strongest correlations with the spatiotemporal dynamics of community composition of dinoflagellates. The dinoflagellates had a significantly wider niche breadth than other algal groups for NH4-N, NO3-N and NO2-N, and therefore potentially contributed to a wider distribution range and high abundance in TWS. In addition, the dinoflagellates had stronger impacts on microeukaryotes than on bacteria for both community composition and species richness. However, the dinoflagellates showed close coexistence with bacteria but loose coexistence with microeukaryotes in spring co-occurrence networks. This close coexistence suggests the potentially strong synergy effects between dinoflagellates and bacteria in spring dinoflagellate blooms in TWS. Overall, this study revealed the distribution mechanisms of dinoflagellates in TWS based on niche breadth and also unveiled the different effects of dinoflagellates on micro-eukaryotic and bacterial communities.

The Synergy between Antibiotics and the Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Effect.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern, necessitating innovative strategies beyond the development of new antibiotics. Here, we employed NdYVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles, which can persistently produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after stopping the light, as a model of photodynamic nanoparticles and demonstrated that the photodynamic effect can serve as an adjuvant with antibiotics to effectively reduce their minimum inhibitory concentration. These preirradiated nanoparticles could penetrate the bacterial cell membrane, significantly enhancing the potency of antibiotics. We showed that the synergy effect could be attributed to disrupting crucial cellular processes by ROS, including damaging cell membrane proteins, interfering with energy supply, and inhibiting antibiotic metabolism. Our findings suggested that complementing the photodynamic effect might be a robust strategy to enhance antibiotic potency, providing an alternative antibacterial treatment paradigm.

Optimization of key link parameters and mechanism of the jet-stirring synergistic column flotation method

In recent years, with the deepening of the degree of coal mining and the improvement of the mechanization and intelligent level of coal dressing, the proportion of fine and micro-fine coal production has been increasing. Micro-fine grade separation has gradually become an important research direction in coal washing industry. This paper is based on a novel jet-stirring synergistic column flotation method, which integrates jet-impact mixing, impeller mixing, and dispersion into the structure of a column flotation tank. By combining with existing research foundations, we construct a corresponding physical model and conduct optimization studies on key parameters related to jetting, impeller mixing, and mechanism. The resulting fundamental theory provides clear insights for the engineering application of this innovative flotation technology. The effects of jet-stirring synergy on bubble adsorption and reagent adsorption were studied, and the flotation effect of the new flotation technology was experimentally verified, laying a theoretical foundation for the industrial application of the device.

A Spin‐Polarized Electron‐Induced MXene‐KBi0.9Co0.1Fe2O5 Photocatalyst for Enhanced Dye Degradation

In photocatalysts aimed to degrade environmental pollutants, photons are generally used as primary stimuli to generate electron–hole pairs to target the chemical bonds to disintegrate. Recently, electron spin has been reported as an essential degree of freedom to improve the performance of photocatalysts. In this work, spin‐polarized electrons and holes are introduced into a brownmillerite KBi0.9Co0.1Fe2O5 semiconductor and a two‐dimensional (2D) MXene composite system by application of an external magnetic field. The spin polarization properties are monitored by measuring the magnetoresistance effect of the MXene‐KBCFO device, which is related to the carrier transfer efficiency. Remarkably, the photocatalytic performance of MXene‐KBCFO is significantly enhanced by the simultaneous application of an external magnetic field and illumination due to the increased number of spin‐polarized photoexcited carriers caused by the synergy effect of the 2D MXene heterostructure together with the ferromagnetic spin ordering. This results in increased reaction hotspots, effective built‐in electric field, extended carrier lifetime, and reduced charge recombination owing to parallel alignment of electron spin orientation. The results show that the efficiency and stability of photocatalytic dye degradation can be effectively enhanced by manipulating the spin‐polarized electrons in the MXene‐based oxide‐perovskite heterostructure photocatalyst.