Synergy Approach Research Articles

Three Effective Methods for Passivation of Perovskite Solar Cell Defects

Perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding photoelectric properties. However, the majority of widely used perovskite polycrystalline ion crystal films are prepared through solution treatment processes, which often lead to the formation of high-density defects during the crystallization process. These defects within the device can be quite severe and are a major contributor to non-radiative recombination, limiting the enhancement of photovoltaic performance and stability of solar cell devices. In this paper, we review the latest advancements in defect passivation strategies for perovskite crystals, encompassing Lewis acid, Lewis base, and Lewis acid-base synergy approaches. We delve into the regulatory mechanisms and passivation effects of these various strategies on perovskite surface/interface defects. Furthermore, we anticipate the application of these defect passivation techniques in future studies, hoping to further enhance the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.

RAINFALL FORECASTING WITH AN INTERMITTENT APPROACH USING HYBRID EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING NEURAL NETWORK

Rainfall forecasting is crucial in agriculture, water resource management, urban planning, and disaster preparation. Traditional approaches fail to capture complicated and intermittent rainfall patterns. The “Hybrid Exponential Smoothing Neural Network” is introduced in this study to handle intermittent rainfall forecasting issues. Exponential Smoothing, an established approach for discovering underlying patterns and seasonal fluctuations in time series data, is combined with Neural Networks, which are good at capturing complex linkages and nonlinearities. Using these two methods, this model hopes to deliver a complete rainfall forecasting solution that accounts for short-term changes and long-term patterns. This research uses residuals from the exponential smoothing model and is modeled using a Neural Network. The residual input is transformed using rolling mean. The results show that the hybrid model is able to capture patterns well, but there are still patterns that experience time lag. Experimental results obtained reveal that the hybrid methodology performs better than the model exponential smoothing, implying that the proposed model hybrid synergy approach can be used as an alternative solution to the rainfall time series forecasting. The results show that the Hybrid method can form patterns better than individual exponential smoothing models or neural networks. The RMSSE values for all areas are 1.0185, 1.55092, 1.0872.

Anti-Arrhythmic Effects of Heart Failure Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy and Their Role in the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: From Beta-Blockers to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Beyond.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for a substantial proportion of mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), frequently triggered by ventricular arrhythmias (VA). This review aims to analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VA and SCD in HFrEF and evaluate the effectiveness of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in reducing SCD. Beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have shown significant efficacy in reducing SCD risk. While angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers exert beneficial impacts on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, their direct role in SCD prevention remains less clear. Emerging treatments like sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors show promise but necessitate further research for conclusive evidence. The favorable outcomes of those molecules on VA are notably attributable to sympathetic nervous system modulation, structural remodeling attenuation, and ion channel stabilization. A multidimensional pharmacological approach targeting those pathophysiological mechanisms offers a complete and synergy approach to reducing SCD risk, thereby highlighting the importance of optimizing GDMT for HFrEF. The current landscape of HFrEF pharmacotherapy is evolving, with ongoing research needed to clarify the full extent of the anti-arrhythmic benefits offered by both existing and new treatments.

Use of a combined antibacterial synergy approach and the ANNOgesic tool to identify novel targets within the gene networks of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Since the 1980s, the development of new drug classes for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become limited, highlighting the urgent need for novel antibiotics. To address this challenge, this study aimed to explore the synergistic interactions between chemical compounds and representative antibiotics, such as carbapenem and colistin. The primary objective of this study was not only to mitigate the adverse impact of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae on public health but also to establish a sustainable balance among humans, animals, and the environment. Phenotypical measurements were conducted using the broth microdilution technique to determine the drug sensitivity of bacterial strains. Additionally, a genotypical approach was employed, involving traditional RNA sequencing analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and the computational ANNOgesic tool to detect noncoding RNAs. This study revealed the existence of various pathways and regulatory RNA elements that form a functional network. These pathways, characterized by the expression of specific genes, contribute to the combined treatment effect and bacterial survival strategies. The connections between pathways are facilitated by regulatory RNA elements that respond to environmental changes. These findings suggest an adaptive response of bacteria to harsh environmental conditions.IMPORTANCENoncoding RNAs were identified as key players in post-transcriptional regulation. Moreover, this study predicted the presence of novel small regulatory RNAs that interact with target genes, as well as the involvement of riboswitches and RNA thermometers in conjunction with associated genes. These findings will contribute to the discovery of potential antimicrobial therapeutic candidates. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the synergistic effects of chemical compounds and antibiotics, highlighting the role of regulatory RNA elements in bacterial response, and survival strategies. The identification of novel noncoding RNAs and their interactions with target genes, riboswitches, and RNA thermometers holds promise for the development of antimicrobial therapies.

Low-level Arctic clouds: a blind zone in our knowledge of the radiation budget

Abstract. Quantifying the role of clouds in the earth's radiation budget is essential for improving our understanding of the drivers and feedback mechanisms of climate change. This holds in particular for the Arctic, the region currently undergoing the most rapid changes. This region, however, also poses significant challenges to remote-sensing retrievals of clouds and radiative fluxes, introducing large uncertainties in current climate data records. In particular, low-level stratiform clouds are common in the Arctic but are, due to their low altitude, challenging to observe and characterize with remote-sensing techniques. The availability of reliable ground-based observations as reference is thus of high importance. In the present study, radiative transfer simulations using state-of-the-art ground-based remote sensing of clouds are contrasted with surface radiative flux measurements to assess their ability to constrain the cloud radiative effect. Cloud radar, lidar, and microwave radiometer observations from the PS106 cruise in the Arctic marginal sea ice zone in summer 2017 were used to derive cloud micro- and macrophysical properties by means of the instrument synergy approach of Cloudnet. Closure of surface radiative fluxes can only be achieved by a realistic representation of the low-level liquid-containing clouds in the radiative transfer simulations. The original, most likely erroneous, representation of these low-level clouds in the radiative transfer simulations led to errors in the cloud radiative effect of 54 W m−2. In total, the proposed method could be applied to 11 % of the observations. For the data, where the proposed method was utilized, the average relative error decreased from 109 % to 37 % for the simulated solar and from 18 % to 2.5 % for the simulated terrestrial downward radiative fluxes at the surface. The present study highlights the importance of jointly improving retrievals for low-level liquid-containing clouds which are frequently encountered in the high Arctic, together with observational capabilities both in terms of cloud remote sensing and radiative flux observations. Concrete suggestions for achieving these goals are provided.

N atoms regulate heterogeneous crystal phase engineering of mesoporous magnetic FexN nanofibers to promote electromagnetic wave dissipation of magnetic composite aerogel absorbers

One dimensional (1D) soft magnetic nanomaterial and its lightweight porous composites are highly needed in promoting electromagnetic wave absorption for the high-frequency magnetic response and low density. In this study, lightweight magnetic composite aerogels were fabricated through the process of heterogeneous crystal phase, involving the modulation of 1D mesoporous magnetic FexN nanofibers with N atoms. The promotion of electromagnetic wave dissipation was achieved through meticulous composition design and interface optimization. The multi-mode magnetic resonance of 1D heterogeneous crystal FexN magnetic nanofibers, along with the N-doped reduced graphene/amorphous carbon three-dimensional conductive network, greatly enhances electromagnetic wave dissipation through the magnetic-dielectric synergistic effect. Consequently, the resulting composite absorber demonstrates remarkable microwave absorption capabilities, achieving a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 6.63 GHz at a thickness of 2.13 mm, and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −63.3 dB. In addition, the composite magnetic aerogel with the best microwave absorption performance shows a low density of 11.25 mg/cm3. This electromagnetic synergy approach is anticipated to serve as a guide for the development of highly efficient lightweight magnetoelectric composite for wideband microwave absorption in the future.

Performance of a Novel Muscle Synergy Approach for Continuous Motion Estimation on Untrained Motion (March 2024).

When applying continuous motion estimation (CME) model based on sEMG to human-robot system, it is inevitable to encounter scenarios in which the motions performed by the user are different from the motions in the training stage of the model. It has been demonstrated that the prediction accuracy of the currently effective approaches on untrained motions will be significantly reduced. Therefore, we proposed a novel CME method by introducing muscle synergy as feature to achieve better prediction accuracy on untrained motion tasks. Specifically, deep non-smooth NMF (Deep-nsNMF) was firstly introduced on synergy extraction to improve the efficiency of synergy decomposition. After obtaining the activation primitives from various training motions, we proposed a redundancy classification algorithm (RC) to identify shared and task-specific synergies, optimizing the original redundancy segmentation algorithm (RS). NARX neural network was set as the regression model for training. Finally, the model was tested on prediction tasks of eight untrained motions. The prediction accuracy of the proposed method was found to perform better than using time-domain feature as input of the network. Through Deep-nsNMF with RS, the highest accuracy reached 99.7%. Deep-nsNMF with RC performed similarly well and its stability was relatively higher among different motions and subjects. Limitation of the approach is that the problem of positive correlation between the prediction error and the absolute value of real angle remains to be further addressed. Generally, this research demonstrates the potential for CME models to perform well in complex scenarios, providing the feasibility of dedicating CME to real-world applications.

Combined Treatment with Host-Directed and Anticytomegaloviral Kinase Inhibitors: Mechanisms, Synergisms and Drug Resistance Barriers.

Despite the availability of currently approved antiviral drugs, infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) still cause clinically challenging, sometimes life-threatening situations. There is an urgent need for enhanced anti-HCMV drugs that offer improved efficacy, reduced dosages and options for long-term treatment without risk of the development of viral drug resistance. Recently, we reported the pronounced anti-HCMV efficacy of pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), in particular, the potential of utilizing drug synergies upon combination treatment with inhibitors of host CDKs and the viral CDK-like kinase pUL97 (vCDK/pUL97). Here, we expand this finding by further assessing the in vitro synergistic antiviral interaction between vCDK and CDK inhibitors towards HCMV as well as non-human cytomegaloviruses. An extension of this synergy approach was achieved in vivo by using the recombinant MCMV-UL97/mouse model, confirming the high potential of combination treatment with the clinically approved vCDK inhibitor maribavir (MBV) and the developmental CDK7 inhibitor LDC4297. Moreover, mechanistic aspects of this synergistic drug combination were illustrated on the levels of intracellular viral protein transport and viral genome replication. The analysis of viral drug resistance did not reveal resistance formation in the case of MBV + LDC4297 combination treatment. Spanning various investigational levels, these new results strongly support our concept, employing the great potential of anti-HCMV synergistic drug treatment.

Pathways towards power shifts: State-society synergy

Policy reformers often make bold promises to improve government responsiveness to citizen demands. Yet such proclaimed openings from above often fall short, get diverted, or are blocked. This study uses the state-society synergy approach to analyze exceptional cases when reformers within the state managed to deliver openings for citizen action that tangibly empowered otherwise excluded or marginalized groups. What happens when these reform strategies are attempted? We used process tracing, combined with qualitative comparative analysis, to identify patterns across 19 cases in the global South where state actors created a more enabling environment for citizens’ collective action. The study compares the triggers and scope of enabling state actions, the breadth and intensity of collective action, roadblocks within the state, and whether or not these interactive processes led to substantive power shifts in favor of the excluded. We find that half of these openings led to shifts towards greater power for either citizens or reformist actors within public institutions, in spite of both structural obstacles and governmental roadblocks. Notably, power shifts occurred where reformers’ initiatives to enable collective action were themselves most intensive (often but not always backed by political change). Windows of opportunity were often open only briefly, until reformers lost power, and the pathways that led to power shifts combined collaborative and adversarial relationships. The power shifts identified were all incremental and uneven, and many were limited to subnational arenas. Though some later stalled or were partly rolled back, from the point of view of socially and politically excluded groups they represented tangible improvements in the balance of power. While tangible openings from above are rare and conventional theory would expect little institutional change, the state-society synergy framework shows how state actions to reduce the risks or costs of collective action can enable pathways to power shifts.

Pentahelix Implementation Based on “KISS” (Collaboration, Integration, Synchronization, and Synergy) in Local Policy on Flood Management Strategy of the Bodri Kuto River Basin

Collaboration, integration, synchronization, and synergy approaches in water resources management offer more diverse water resources management efforts to deal with flood disaster issues at Bodri Kuto River Basin. The Penta helix-based approach is relevant and essential in the Bodri Kuto River Basin. This study aims to identify stakeholders in the Penta helix elements, determine the impact of the KISS variables in flood management strategies, and determine priority strategies in flood management in the Bodri Kuto River Basin. Pentahelix stakeholders in flood management at Bodri Kuto River Basin consist of parties from the government, private sectors, academics, non-governmental organizations, and the mass media. Based on the results of the KISS index analysis, it is known that the variable synchronization score is included in the "good" criteria. In contrast, the "average" criteria include the other three variables. These results come in with some concerns and recommendations that the WS Bodri Kuto flood management needs to implement several strategies to increase the KISS variables and short and long-term response strategies based on the SWOT component.

National University's Strategy For Preventing The Threat Of Radicalism To Support Non-Military Defence

The problem of the threat of the Radicalism movement in the Campus environment is a form of non-military threat that can shake the joints of community life. This research discusses the strategy and synergy of the National University in Preventing the Threat of Radicalism in Higher Education seen from three aspects namely Ways, Means and Ends as a way through existing facilities and infrastructure to ward off acts of radicalism in the campus environment that can affect the non-military defence system. This research was conducted to answer 2 research questions related to how strategies and synergies were carried out by the National University in preventing potential threats of radicalism to support the non-military defence system. The results showed that 3 aspects must be considered when the National University Campus makes efforts to prevent the threat of radicalisation among students through the Organizational Synergy, Policy Synergy and Operational Synergy approaches. All three will form an answer resulting from the research. The suggestion that needs to be done is how the campus can implement and integrate campus policies/policy strategy and student activities/operational strategy in the Student organisation/organizational strategy.

Community re-education on the urgency of keeping the river clean and sorting waste in Desa Cikole Kec. Lembang

Lembang area is one of the contributors to water pollution in the Cibeureum and Cikapundung rivers which empties into the Citarum river. One of the things that pollute it is animal waste because some residents habitually throw it directly into the river. The program's dedication in the form of Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN), published in this article, aims to increase the awareness of residents and students about the importance of sorting and processing waste. Also, providing education that maintaining cleanliness in Cikole has helped reduce the problem of the Citarum river. It includes education about composting as a way to process animal manure. The method used is value planting and a synergy approach. Some of the programs carried out are the Harum Citarum Seminar by the TNI SATGAS, river carcasses, composting, making organic, inorganic, and B3 trash cans, social services or cooperation, and the commemoration of the Republic of Indonesia's anniversary. After implementing the program, most residents and school students realized the importance of protecting the environment, as seen by the amount of waste disposed of carelessly in several areas. The community has also understood the importance of keeping the environment clean, especially around the river.

GIS-based modeling of landslide susceptibility zonation by integrating the frequency ratio and objective–subjective weighting approach: a case study in a tropical monsoon climate region

Accurate detection of landslide spatial patterns is vital in susceptibility, hazard, and risk disaster mapping. Geographic Information System (GIS)-based quantitative approaches provide a rigorous procedure for gaining deep insight into natural and anthropogenic landslides from different scales. This study aims to implement a comprehensive solution for retrieving the landslide susceptibility index. For that purpose, a landslide inventory was performed in a tropical monsoon climate region, with a magnitude of elevation spanning from −65 m to 1,900 m above the sea, considering 15 fundamental causative factors belonging to the groups of topography, hydrology, geology, land cover conditions and anthropogenic activities, and weather. The frequency ratio (FR) was implemented to rank subclasses in each causative factor. For factor weight estimation, different approaches were applied, including the subjective-based analytic hierarchy process (AHP), objective-based Shannon entropy (SE), and a synergy of both methods (AHP–SE), built on these two approaches. Out of the 271 identified landslide locations, 70% (196 points) were used for training and the remaining 30% (71 points) were applied for validation. The results showed that the integrated AHP–SE outperformed the two individual approaches, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) reaching 0.876, following SE (AUC = 0.848) and AHP (AUC = 0.818). In the synergy approach, the climate pattern under tropical monsoons was confirmed as the most crucial landslide-predisposing factor. The research contributes to a novel discussion by integrating knowledge-based consultation and statistical data analysis of accurate geospatial data, incorporating significant explanatory factors toward a reliable landslide-prone zonation over space and time dimensions.

Mapping Irrigated Areas in China Using a Synergy Approach

In China, irrigation plays a fundamental role in food production, which is hampered by water security, rising population and climate change. To ensure food security and formulate agricultural and irrigation policies, decision-makers need detailed grid-level information on the location of irrigated areas. Unfortunately, this information is not easily available as national irrigation maps are frequently outdated and often have a coarse spatial resolution. In this paper, we present new irrigation maps for China at a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds (~1 × 1 km) that cover the period between 2005 and 2015. The maps were created using a synergy approach, which combines and integrates regional and global irrigation maps, cropland maps and subnational statistics. The maps were calibrated to subnational irrigation statistics and validated using an external dataset with geocoded information on the location of irrigated areas. The maps show, at the detailed spatial level, how much irrigation expanded over the period of 2005–2015. The proposed synergy approach is flexible and can easily be applied to create irrigation maps for other regions.

Molecular interactions, binding stability, and synergistic inhibition on Acetylcholinesterase activity of Safranin O in combination with Quercetin and Gallic acid: In vitro and in silico study

The clinical management of multifactorial diseases, especially in neurodegenerative disorders, requires the identification of potent synergistic interactions between therapeutic molecules. In this context, the current study was carried out to evaluate the synergistic inhibitory effect on Acetylcholinesterase activity by Safranin O in combination with Quercetin and Gallic acid in vitro and in silico. Anti-AChE activity was assessed using Ellman's colorimetric method, while the Synergistic and antagonistic interactions were calculated by Loewe, Zip, Bliss and HSE statistical models and plotted using synergyfinder plus tool. Molecular docking of complexed ligands was performed by auto-dock vina tool, Discovery studio and MOE softwares. Molecular dynamic simulations were carried out using Desmond Schrödinger software and the essential parameters were analyzed in 100 ns of simulation time. Our results showed potent inhibitory activities for all tested compounds Safranin O (IC50=15.76±1.15 µM), Quercetin (IC50=21.41±0.25 µM), Gallic acid (IC50=77.59±0.44 µM) in comparison with Galantamine (IC50=2,14±0.07 µM). The binary combination (1/1 ratio) Exhibited a significant improvement in IC50 values, Safranine O - Quercetin (9.07±0.82 µM), Safranine O-Gallic acid (3.46±0.12 µM) and became statistically comparable to standard. The interactive dose-response matrixes and the interaction scores were developed and quantified; the latter showed potent synergistic forms in particular doses for each ligand. Moreover, in molecular docking analysis, Quercetin exhibited the highest binding energy (-10,7 Kcal/mol) followed by Safranin O (-9,3 Kcal/mol) and Gallic acid (-6,5 Kcal/mol) respectively in comparison with Reference drugs, Galantamine (-10,2 Kcal/mol), Donepezil (-10,5 Kcal/mol) and Rivastigmine (-7,5 Kcal/mol). In parallel, the studied ligands interacted with both PAS and CAS active site regions of AChE through different stable and strong interactions during molecular dynamic simulations. These findings appreciate the importance of the synergy approach to developing new potent combinations for A.D. management.

Synergy Panorama of the Doctoral Process

There is a set of problems that emerges before the contemporary organization of the doctoral studies in economic sciences and their resolution is determined by the factors of employing the systemic, cybernetic and synergy approach. Evolution and catastrophic leap are the two paths of contemporary development that are based on the richness of scientific insight. Its grounds are laid in the field of doctoral studies as the starting phase of each science. The object of this piece of research is the doctoral process, while its research topic is the latter’s synergy panorama. A basic assumption held is that the synergistic reflection should be interpreted as the dictatorship of the integrity of the examined process. In its standard form, the interrelated behaviour of self-organization is interpreted in terms of hierarchization (obedience), parameters of order (order and chaos), cyclical reason (obligatory feedback) that are all targeted at establishing a natural order in doctoral studies – self-sufficiency with the presumption of growth.

The Number and Structure of Muscle Synergies Depend on the Number of Recorded Muscles: A Pilot Simulation Study with OpenSim.

The muscle synergy approach is used to evaluate motor control and to quantitatively determine the number and structure of the modules underlying movement. In experimental studies regarding the upper limb, typically 8 to 16 EMG probes are used depending on the application, although the number of muscles involved in motor generation is higher. Therefore, the number of motor modules may be underestimated and the structure altered with the standard spatial synergy model based on the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In this study, we compared the number and structure of muscle synergies when considering 12 muscles (an "average" condition that represents previous studies) and 32 muscles of the upper limb, also including multiple muscle heads and deep muscles. First, we estimated the muscle activations with an upper-limb model in OpenSim using data from multi-directional reaching movements acquired in experimental sessions; then, spatial synergies were extracted from EMG activations from 12 muscles and from 32 muscles and their structures were compared. Finally, we compared muscle synergies obtained from OpenSim and from real experimental EMG signals to assess the reliability of the results. Interestingly, we found that on average, an additional synergy is needed to reconstruct the same R2 level with 32 muscles with respect to 12 muscles; synergies have a very similar structure, although muscles with comparable physiological functions were added to the synergies extracted with 12 muscles. The additional synergies, instead, captured patterns that could not be identified with only 12 muscles. We concluded that current studies may slightly underestimate the number of controlled synergies, even though the main structure of synergies is not modified when adding more muscles. We also show that EMG activations estimated with OpenSim are in partial (but not complete) agreement with experimental recordings. These findings may have significative implications for motor control and clinical studies.

A Reconstruction of Irrigated Cropland Extent in China from 2000 to 2019 Using the Synergy of Statistics and Satellite-Based Datasets

Irrigated agriculture has undergone rapid developments in China, which has greatly increased food production but overexploited water resources as well. Spatial information on irrigated cropland is critical to balance irrigation yield gains against the negative impact on water resources. However, remote-sensing-based maps on irrigated areas with short temporal coverage often suffer from undermined accuracy in humid areas and inconsistency with statistics, which limit their applications in food policy and water management. The following study integrates existing irrigation maps, observed data on irrigated cropping system, and statistics by a synergy approach to map irrigated areas in China from 2000 to 2019. We also incorporate past information on actual irrigation to avoid divergence between observations and statistics from its fluctuation. Afterwards, 614 reference samples across mainland China have been used to validate resultant maps, which show that outperformance was above overall accuracy and Kappa coefficients. Moreover, our maps share a similar spatial pattern with Irrimap-Syn maps rather than remote-sensing-based maps (CCI-LC). Irrigated areas have grown rapidly from 55.42 Mha in 2000 to 71.33 Mha in 2019 but with different growth trends in different regions. Simultaneous large-scale expansion and abandonment occur in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and Yangtze River Basin, while the Northwest Inland Region and the Northeast Plain are the two largest net area gains. Rainfed croplands are dominant sources of expansion, followed by pastures, respectively, with over 70% and 20% contributions in total gains. This not only is a shift from rainfed to irrigated systems but also indicates an intensification of agriculture, which might contribute to agricultural drought reductions in the north and wide soil suitability. Other efforts on agricultural sustainability also have been detected, such as geographical shifts from vulnerable to relatively suitable areas, grain for green, cropland protection, and cropland protection in the competition of urbanization.

The human well-being and environmental degradation nexus in Africa.

Environmental degradation continues to attract interest from academics, policymakers, and other stakeholders. However, empirical studies have been limited in the choice of human well-being indicators. Therefore, this study extends the literature by broadening the nexus between human well-being and environmental degradation in 29 African countries from 1970 to 2019. Preliminary tests adaptable to effects of cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity in panel dataset were adopted, alongside the cross-sectional auto-regressive distributed lag model. Findings from the study showed that the adopted human well-being indicators such as globalisation, life expectancy, and human capital development were environmentally enhancing both in the short and long terms. In contrast, income growth was environmentally degrading in the short and long terms. At the same time, urbanisation was only environmentally detrimental in the long term with no significant short-term effect. Natural resource rent which served as a control variable was environmentally degrading both in the short and long terms. Consequently, this study confirms the synergy approach between the environment and human well-being and the trade-off hypothesis in African countries. Thus, African countries' general resource management policy significantly determines the impact their path to human well-being enhancement has on the environment.

Promoting natural cycle and environmental resilience: A pathway toward sustainable development

Disruption of ecosystem, following biodiversity loss, have all been attributed to climate change. Sustaining the natural cycle, amid environmental vulnerability, is a great task facing many nations today, most importantly, developing countries of the world. Several measures, earlier proposed in the literature, appear not to have mitigated the overbearing impact of climate change, in which their resultant catastrophes are now prevalent and unprecedented. The use of natural resources to produce lighter weight materials for building and automobile industries, have helped to conserve fossil fuel energy, no doubt, but this is without its shortcomings. These natural resources, which ought to be protected, are now been encroached, and in some cases, being a harbor for modern innovation. Adaptation of natural resources as a conservative measure, requires a synergy and clear-cut approach in the material value chain, in order to produce a comparative lighter component part. The use of biodegradable materials as the replacement part in many metallic materials, remains the best approach, no doubt, but how do we protect and conserve these natural resources, as they are being depleted for energy saving measures? In this scientific paper, the authors review existing practices, leading to environmental vulnerabilities and several measures fueling climate change crisis. Substantial part of the contributing factors are material composition and energy use. As human activities increase, the attendant interference on biodiversity and environment would be far-reaching and unpredictable, resulting in further disruption in the ecosystem. Natural resources, being our last resort, is now faced with extinction of large scale, and it is now of essence to bridge the identifiable gaps before the mother nature is completely destroyed. Some of these effects have already been felt in climatic weather changes, land degradation, greenhouse gas emission, contamination of underground water and biodiversity loss. The other leg of the gap is energy use, and how effective would developing and emerging countries leverage on energy transition in the face of technological and trust rivalry among nations of the world? This paper provides further measures in tandem with current realities, on how some of the existing conservation methods could be reinforced, in the light of myriad of ecological challenges threatening human existence. If natural resources, i.e., natural fibers, were to be used as energy saving measures, what would be the replenishment strategies and environmental impact assessment of such action, considering the dependence of man on these natural resources? Findings and conclusions drawn from this paper could be useful to researchers and would-be stakeholders in the climate adaptation policies and several other interest groups on preservation advocacy.