Synergistic Effect Of Halide Ions Research Articles

Adsorptive and Inhibitive Potential of Halide Ions and Plant Extracts from <i>Cucurbita Maxima</i> as Stainless Steel Inhibitors

By utilizing weight loss measurements and electrochemical technique, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Cucurbita maxima peel and seed extracts on Grade 304 austenitic stainless steel in 1 M sulphuric acid solution was examined. The efficacy of C. maxima extracts' inhibition increased with concentration while decreasing with temperature. At 0.7 g/L extract concentration for 3 hours of immersion, the inhibitor's greatest efficiency was 95.21% for PCM and 94.26% for SCM. Stainless steel corrosion was successfully inhibited by C. maxima peel and seed extracts, according to the results, and it was discovered that the presence of halide ions enhanced the efficacy of the inhibition. The synergistic effect of halide ions was found to follow the order: KI > KCl. According to the polarization curve, C. maxima functions as a mixed-type inhibitor. Due to the extract components' adsorption on the stainless steel surface, peel and seed extracts exhibit an inhibitory effect. The activation energy of the corrosion reaction increases by the presence of both extracts. The physical adsorption is shown by the negative values of ΔGads, which range from -12 kJ/mol to -18 kJ/mol. These values show the spontaneity of the adsorption process. Adsorption is a physical process that adheres to Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The results of a study using scanning electron microscopy to examine the surface morphology of stainless steel in inhibited and uninhibited acid solutions revealed that the presence of extract and halide inhibitors remarkably lowers the corrosion rate. This is as a result of the extract and halide inhibitor molecules adhering to the surface and forming a barrier that prevents an acid attack.

Synergistic effect of halide ions and gum arabic for the corrosion inhibition of API5L X70 pipeline steel in H2SO4

This paper aims to increase the inhibition efficiency of gum arabic (GA) for the corrosion of API5L X70 pipeline steel in sulfuric acid through the addition of halide ions (potassium iodide [KI], potassium chloride [KCl], and potassium bromide [KBr]). The synergistic effect of GA and halide ions has been studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and surface analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that substantial corrosion inhibition (99%) using 2 g L−1 GA and 0.5 mM KI can be obtained in synergistic manner. The adsorption of GA in combination with iodide ions follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. GA combined with KI acts as a mixed‐type inhibitor in sulfuric acid.

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF HALIDE IONS ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN SULPHURIC ACID USING METHYL, N-METHYL ETHYL AND ETHYL SUBSTITUTED γ-2,c-6-DIPHENYL PIPERIDIN-4-ONE SEMICARBAZONES

The synergistic effect of halide ions such as KCl, KBr and KI on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 N sulphuric acid by [Formula: see text]-2,c-6-diphenyl-t-3-methyl piperdin-4-ones with semicarbazone (01[Formula: see text]SC), [Formula: see text]-2,c-6-diphenyl-N-methyl-t-3-ethyl piperdin-4-ones with semicarbazone (02[Formula: see text]SC) and 2,6-diphenyl-t-3-ethyl piperdin-4-one with semicarbazone (03[Formula: see text]SC) has been examined by weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical AC impedance spectroscopy. Results show that substituted [Formula: see text]-2,c-6-diphenyl piperidin-4-ones with semicarbazone act as the perfect corrosion inhibitors and their inhibition efficiency increases with the addition of halide ions. The inhibitor (01[Formula: see text]SC) shows the inhibition efficiency of 78.28% (0.2[Formula: see text]mM) by using a weight loss method. The influence of I[Formula: see text], Br[Formula: see text] and Cl[Formula: see text] anions raises the inhibition efficiency of the substituted 2,6-diphenyl piperidin-4-ones with semicarbazone due to the synergistic effect. The synergistic effect of halide ions was formed in the following order: KI [Formula: see text] KBr [Formula: see text] KCl.

Synergistic Effect of Halide Ions on the Corrosion Inhibition of Zinc in Hydrochloric Acid using Schiff base compound, 1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl-4-(benzylamino)pyrazole-5-one

The inhibitive effect of1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(benzylamino) pyrazole-5-one (PD(B)PO) on zinc corrosion in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution was studied using gravimetric method. The influence of halides viz., KCl, KBr and KI on the corrosion inhibition of PD(B)PO were also investigated. Results show that PD(B)PO alone provided satisfactory inhibition on the corrosion of zinc and it was also found that the inhibition efficiency increased synergistically in the presence of halide ions. The synergistic effect of halide ions was found to follow the order: KI > KBr > KCl. The inhibitor reduced the corrosion rate through adsorption process and obeyed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

Luffa aegyptiaca leaves extract as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

The performance of methanol extract of Luffa aegyptiaca leaves (MLA) as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Polarization measurements showed that the MLA acts as a mixed inhibitor. It was found that the percentage inhibition efficiency increased with MLA concentration and decreased with temperature. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneous adsorption of MLA on MS surface. In addition, it has been established that the adsorption process obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Additions of halide ions considerably increase the inhibition efficiency. Synergistic parameters confirm the synergistic effect of halide ions. The adsorption of the chemical constituents of MLA on MS surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy.

Evaluation of the inhibitive characteristics of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives for the corrosion of mild steel in 1M <TEX>$H_2SO_4$</TEX>

The present investigation deals with the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M <TEX>$H_2SO_4$</TEX> with 1, 4-dihydro pyridine and its derivatives prepared using microwave activation method. The synthesis of inhibitor was confirmed by IR spectra. The effect of 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M <TEX>$H_2SO_4$</TEX> was studied using weight loss and electrochemical polarization techniques. Influence of temperature (303-333K) and synergistic effect of halide ions (<TEX>$I^-$</TEX>, <TEX>$Br^-$</TEX> and <TEX>$Cl^-$</TEX>) on the inhibition behaviour was also studied. Corrosion products on the metal surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a possible mechanism of inhibition by the compounds is suggested. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated using weight loss data in order to elaborate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. Polarization measurements revealed that the studied compounds acted as mixed type inhibitor but slightly anodic in nature. Electrochemical impedance measurements revealed that the compounds were adsorbed onto the carbon steel surface and the adsorption obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The synergistic effect of halide ions on the IE increases with increase in concentration. The IE obtained from atomic absorption spectrophotometric studies was found to be in good agreement with that obtained from the conventional weight loss method. SEM revealed the information of a smooth, dense protective layer in presence of the inhibitors.

Synergistic Effect of Halide Ions on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid using Mangrove Tannin

Synergistic Effect of Halide Ions on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid using Mangrove Tannin

Synergistic effect of halide ions on improving corrosion inhibition behaviour of benzisothiozole-3-piperizine hydrochloride on mild steel in 0.5 M H 2SO 4 medium

The synergistic effect of iodide ions and benzisothiozole-3-piperizine hydrochloride (BITP) on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M H 2SO 4 solution has been studied by both chemical and electrochemical methods. The corrosion performance of BITP in 1.0 M HCl and 0.5 M H 2SO 4 media was examined and compared. The adsorption of BITP and its combination with iodide ions on mild steel surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm via chemisorption mechanism. The calculated values of synergism parameter ( S θ ) were found to be greater than unity. This result clearly showed the existence of synergism between iodide ions and BITP molecules.

Synergistic effect of halide ions and polyethylene glycol on the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in alkaline medium

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition of aluminium in alkaline medium was studied at 30 and 40°C in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using gravimetric (weight loss) and thermometric techniques. The effect of halides (KCl, KBr, and KI) on the inhibitory action of PEG was also studied. It was found that PEG acted as inhibitor for aluminium corrosion in the alkaline medium. Inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. An increase in temperature led to increase in both the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency in the absence and presence of inhibitor and halides. Phenomenon of chemical adsorption mechanism is proposed from the values of Ea, Qads, and ΔG obtained. The adsorption of PEG on the surface of aluminium was found to obey Flory–Huggins and Temkin adsorption isotherms. The synergism parameter, S1 evaluated was found to be greater than unity indicating that the enhanced inhibition efficiency caused by the addition of halides is synergistic in nature. The inhibition efficiency, surface coverage and synergism parameter increased in the order; I−&gt; Br−&gt; Cl− showing that a joint adsorption of PEG and halide ions on aluminium plays a significant role in the adsorption process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

Synergistic effect of halide ions on the corrosion inhibition of aluminum in acidic medium by some polymers

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition of aluminum in H2SO4 in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the effect of addition of halides (KCl, KBr, KI) was studied using the hydrogen evolution technique at 30 and 40°C. Inhibition efficiency (%I) increases with concentration of PVA and PEG—‐but with PEG having higher %I. The %I decrease with increase in temperature from 30 to 40°C in the absence and presence of inhibitor and halides. PVA and PEG were found to obey Freundlish adsorption isotherm. Phenomenon of physical adsorption is proposed from the obtained Ea, ΔGads, and Qads values obtained. The synergism parameters (SI) obtained were found to be greater than unity for both PVA and PEG, which indicates that the enhanced inhibition efficiency caused by the addition of halides is only due to synergism. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2889–2894, 2006

The inhibition of aluminium corrosion in potassium hydroxide by “Congo Red” dye, and synergistic action with halide ions

PurposeTo investigate the inhibitive effect of Congo red dye (CR) for aluminium corrosion in strong alkaline solutions and evaluate the synergistic effect of halide ions on the inhibition efficiency.Design/methodology/approachCorrosion rates of aluminium test coupons were determined by gravimetric technique at 30 and 60°C. Inhibition efficiencies of the additives (0.01‐5.0 mM CR and 5.0 mM CR+0.5 mM halides) were evaluated by comparing corrosion rates of the test coupons in 2 M KOH solution in the absence and presence of the additives.FindingsCR inhibited aluminium corrosion in 2 M KOH by physical adsorption of the dye molecules on the corroding metal surface. Maximum efficiency at 30 and 60°C was 31.72 and 19.32 per cent, respectively. Dye adsorption was enhanced in the presence of halides in the order KCl &lt; KBr &lt; KI, with KI increasing efficiency up to 48.63 and 41.70 per cent at 30 and 60°C, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies to involve variation of dye and halide concentrations for CR+halide systems to determine the best combination for optimum inhibition synergism.Originality/valueThis paper forms part of an extensive database on the inhibition characteristics of organic dyes for corrosion of different metals in various aggressive environments. This is to serve as a guide to possible applications in metal‐surface anodizing and as additives in surface coatings for service in different environments.

Co-adsorption effect of polyaniline and halide ions on the corrosion of iron in 0.5 M H 2SO 4 solutions

The synergistic effect of halide ions on the inhibition of corrosion of iron in 0.5 M H 2SO 4 solutions by polyaniline has been studied by polarization and impedance methods. Addition of 0.5 × 10 −3 M I − ions enhanced the inhibition efficiency of polyaniline at 10 ppm from 53% to 90%. However in the case of bromide and chloride ions, the inhibition efficiency of polyaniline at 50 ppm has been increased from 71% to 90%. The synergism parameter in all cases is found to be greater than 1. The synergistic effect is attributed to enhanced adsorption of polyaniline by the adsorbed halide ions.

Synergistic effect of halide ions on the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in H 2SO 4 using 2-acetylphenothiazine

The corrosion inhibition of aluminium in H 2SO 4 in the presence of 2-acetylphenothiazine (2APTZ) at temperature range of 30–60 °C was studied using the weight loss and thermometric techniques. The effect of addition of halides (KCl, KBr, KI) is also reported. The inhibition efficiency ( I, %) increased with increase in concentration of 2APTZ. The addition of the halides increased the inhibition efficiency to a considerable extent. The temperature increased the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency in the range 30–60 °C in the absence and presence of the inhibitor and halides. Phenomenon of chemical adsorption is proposed. Flory–Huggins adsorption isotherm equation was obeyed at all the concentrations studied. The decrease in inhibition efficiency (and surface coverage values) was found to be in the order I −>Br −>Cl − which clearly indicates that the radii and the electronegativity of halides play a significant role in the adsorption process. All the data acquired reveal that 2APTZ acts as an inhibitor in the acid environment from the two techniques used. The synergistic effect of 2APTZ and halide ions is discussed.

The synergistic effect of halide ions and some selected thiols as a combined corrosion inhibitor for pickling of mild steel in sulphuric acid solution

The effect of halide ions on the electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of mild steel in sulphuric acid solution with and without some selected thiols, viz. 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, has been studied. Each of the halide ions and the investigated thiols were found to inhibit the corrosion process of mild steel when added separately to the corrosive medium, while the inhibition efficiency of thiols is higher than that of halides. It was found that the presence of halide ions together with the different thiols in the corrosive medium decreases the inhibition effect, specially at low concentrations. The surface coverage values which are obtained both from weight loss and polarization studies are approximately the same. The decrease in corrosion rate associated with an increase in the cathodic overvoltage and a positive shift in the corrosion potential, in the presence of the investigated thiols, denotes inhibition of a mixed type (predominantly anodic). Synergism of the investigated thiols and halides is discussed from the viewpoint of a model of co-adsorption of halide ions and thiols. Adsorption of the inhibitor was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm.

The synergistic effect of Halide ions on the corrosion inhibition of zinc by n-decylamine

The effect of halide ions on the spontaneous dissolution and the anodic and cathodic polarization of zinc in perchloric acid solution with and without n-decylamine has been studied. Halide ions enhanced the corrosion of zinc, whereas n-decylamine inhibited the corrosion of zinc. The inhibitor efficiency of n-decylamine is increased significantly by the presence of halide ions. A consistent surface coverage value is obtained both from weight loss and polarization studies. n-decylamine acts mainly as a cathodic inhibitor. The change in the free energy of adsorption of n-decylamine in the presence of halide ions is explained in terms of a change in the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. Synergism of n-decylamine and halide ions is discussed from a view point of a model of co-adsorption of halide ions and n-decylamine.