Synergetic Enhancement Effect Research Articles

Synergetic enhancement effect of MOF-derived porous ZnO/ Co3O4 cage Z-scheme heterostructure for high-performance photodegradation

Using solar energy for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is a clean and effective method for treating the increasingly severe problem of environmental pollution. Herein, porous ZnO/Co3O4 cages with improved charge separation ability was designed via a facile ZIF-8@ZIF-67-derived approach for tetracycline (TC) photodegradation. Great photodegradation performance and good stability were achieved. The degradation rate was as high as 97 % within 60 min. The enhancement mechanism of TC photodegradation was investigated. The porous structure of ZnO/Co3O4 produced a number of active sites. The effective utilized spectrum was extended from the ultraviolet to the red region. The presence of two mixed valence states of Cobalt, Co2+ and Co3+, increased the density of defect states and was conducive to the adsorption of TC. The composite had a Z-scheme heterojunction, in which strong oxidative capacity can be maintained, combination of electrons and holes was greatly reduced and efficient charge transfer occurred. This study would give new insights into the design of new photocatalysts with synergetic enhancement effect for TC photodegradation.

Synergetic enhancement effect of two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets and metal organic framework-derived porous ZnO nanorods for photodegradation performance.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and semiconductor metal oxides have shown great potential in photocatalysis. However, their stability and efficiency need to be further improved. In this paper, porous ZnO nanorods with high specific surface area were prepared from metal-organic framework ZIF-8 by a simple hydrothermal method. A MoS2/ZnO composite was constructed by loading MoS2 onto the surface of porous ZnO nanorods. Compared with ZnO materials prepared by other methods, MoS2/ZnO prepared in this paper exhibits superior photocatalytic performance. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS2/ZnO composite can be attributed to the formation of heterojunctions and strong interaction between them, which greatly facilitate the separation of electrons and holes at the contact interface. In addition, due to the wide absorption region of the visible spectrum, MoS2 can greatly broaden the light absorption range of the material after the formation of the composite material, increase the utilization rate of visible light, and reduce the combination of electrons and holes. This study provides a new way to prepare cheap and efficient photocatalysts.

Steric and Energetic Studies on the Synergetic Enhancement Effect of Integrated Polyaniline on the Adsorption Properties of Toxic Basic and Acidic Dyes by Polyaniline/Zeolite-A Composite.

The synergetic enhancement effect of the polyaniline (PANI) integration process on the adsorption properties of the PANI/zeolite-A composite (PANI/ZA) as an adsorbent for malachite green and Congo red synthetic dyes was evaluated based on classic equilibrium modelling in addition to the steric and energetic parameters of advanced isotherm studies. The PANI/ZA composite displays enhanced adsorption capacities for both methylene blue (270.9 mg/g) and Congo red (235.5 mg/g) as compared to ZA particles (methylene blue (179.6 mg/g) and Congo red (140.3 mg/g)). The reported enhancement was illustrated based on the steric parameters of active site density (Nm) and the number of adsorbed dyes per active site (n). The integration of PANI strongly induced the quantities of the existing active sites that have enhanced affinities towards both methylene blue (109.2 mg/g) and Congo red (92.9 mg/g) as compared to the present sites on the surface of ZA. Every site on the surface of PANI/ZA can adsorb about four methylene blue molecules and five Congo red molecules, signifying the vertical orientation of their adsorbed ions and their uptake by multi-molecular mechanisms. The energetic investigation of the methylene blue (-10.26 to -16.8 kJ/mol) and Congo red (-9.38 to -16.49 kJ/mol) adsorption reactions by PANI/ZA suggested the operation of physical mechanisms during their uptake by PANI/ZA. These mechanisms might involve van der Waals forces, dipole bonding forces, and hydrogen bonding (<30 kJ/mol). The evaluated thermodynamic functions, including enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy, validate the exothermic and spontaneous behaviours of the methylene blue and Congo red uptake processes by PANI/ZA.

Spatial-temporal evolution of the allometric growth between economic scale and carbon emissions in China's cities and its driving mechanism.

Exploring the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions is a hot issue of concern to academia. Taking Chinese cities as the research object, this study constructed an allometric growth model of economic scale and carbon emissions to analyze the spatial–temporal evolution of their allometric growth from 2000 to 2017. Additionally, the geographical detector model was used to reveal the driving mechanism of allometric growth. The findings were as follows. (1) The spatial–temporal patterns of economic scale and carbon emissions were dominated by hot spots. Additionally, their size distribution was in an equilibrium stage. (2) The gap between the economic growth rate of Chinese cities and the growth rate of carbon emissions grew, reflecting the remarkable achievements in carbon emission reduction in Chinese cities as a whole. The scaling exponent declined from east to the west during 2000–2008, but showed the opposite trend during 2009–2017. The proportion of cities with negative allometric growth in the sample cities increased from 76.49 to 97.86%. (3) The influence of city investment intensity, energy utilization efficiency, technological development level, social consumption level, fiscal investment level and economic development level on allometric growth gradually decreases. These factors were also the main factors affecting the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of allometric growth. (4) The impact of various factors had a synergetic enhancement effect. These factors can be classified as economic factors, environmental factors and a combination of them. Under the nonlinear coupling of multiple factors, a spatially differentiated pattern of allometric growth was formed.

Optimized Properties in Multifunctional Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites via Graphene Nanosheets/Boron Nitride Nanosheets Dual Segregated Structure under High Pressure.

The practical application of polymer composites in the electronic and communications industries often requires multi-properties, such as high thermal conductivity (TC), efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ability with low electrical conductivity, superior tribological performance, reliable thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties. However, the integration of these mutually exclusive properties is still a challenge, ascribed to their different requirement on the incorporated nanofillers, composite microstructure as well as processing process. Herein, a well-designed boron nitride nanosheet (BN)/graphene nanosheet (GNP)/polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite with a dual-segregated structure is fabricated via high-pressure molding. Rather than homogenous mixing of the hybrid fillers, GNP is first coated on PPS particles and followed by encapsulating the conductive GNP layers with insulating BN, forming a BN shell-GNP layer-PPS core composite particles. After hot-pressing, a dual segregated structure is constructed, in which GNP and BN are distinctly separated and arranged in the interfaces of PPS, which on the one hand gives rise to high thermal conductivity, and on the other hand, the aggregated BN layer can act as an “isolation belt” to effectively reduce the electronic transmission. Impressively, high-pressure is loaded and it has a more profound effect on the EMI shielding and thermal conductive properties of PPS composites with a segregated structure than that with homogenous mixed-structure composites. Intriguingly, the synergetic enhancement effect of BN and GNP on both thermal conductive performance and EMI shielding is stimulated by high pressure. Consequently, PPS composites with 30 wt% GNP and 10 wt% BN hot-pressed under 600 MPa present the most superior comprehensive properties with a high TC of 6.4 W/m/K, outstanding EMI SE as high as 70 dB, marvelous tribological performance, reliable thermal stability and satisfactory mechanical properties, which make it promising for application in miniaturized electronic devices in complex environments.

Performance improvement of packed bed thermochemical heat storage by enhancing heat transfer and vapor transmission

Thermochemical heat storage (TCHS) has the advantages of high storage density and low heat loss, which is attracting much attention in energy storage. But the reaction process is usually restricted by the poor heat transfer and vapor transmission of reaction beds. In present paper, to enhance the TCHS performance, the dehydration process of Ca(OH)2/CaO in a cylindrical reactor is numerically studied. Metal foam and vapor channel are used to enhance heat transfer and vapor transmission, respectively. Then the relative importance of enhancing heat transfer versus vapor flow and the combined effect of the two are analyzed under different conditions. The results show that improving both heat transfer and vapor transmission simultaneously can achieve synergetic enhancement effect, the heat storage rate can be enhanced up to 6.6 times and the heat storage density is only reduced by 18.06%. Besides, it is found that the relative importance of heat transfer and vapor flow enhancement mostly depends on the height-diameter ratio and porosity of reaction beds. When the porosity is small or height-diameter ratio is large, enhancing vapor flow is more effective, otherwise, enhancing heat transfer is more effective.

A Novel Biological Nano Confinement Inhibits Cancer Metastasis

Cancer is a complex genetic disease hallmarked with a strong competitive capacity in energy and utilization of substances compared to normal cells, which is partially due to the ability to adjust their metabolism in response to environmental changes. During the lifespan of cancer cells, either during carcinogenesis, progress, or metastasis, massive energy and other substances are essential prerequisites, however, the underlying mechanisms are controversial and still remain unclear. Understanding how cancer cells seize much of the energy and other substances than normal cells is of utmost importance for next-generation cancer therapy, along with the finding of novel drug target and drug design. Recent reports about ‘mitochondrial hijack’ of cancer cells through selfassembled protein nanotubes connected with normal cells and ‘graded messengers pool’ in cytoplasm have evoked a great interest. Considering the widely discussed ‘nanodomain’ in physical and chemical areas, we proposed the concept of biological nano confinement (BNC), by which we may rationally elucidate the priorities of solid tumors on utilization of energy and substances at hypoxia, and less nutrition supplying environments both extraand intra-cellular. The ultimate objective was to address the confusion that CAR-T therapies are effective for hematological cancers but less effective for solid tumors and also to reveal the fact that chimeric antigens receptor-T (CAR-T) adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy has synergetic enhancement effects. In turn, developing novel inhibitors to depolymerize biological nanoconfinement is urgently needed.

Synergy of B4C@MoS2 hybrid for significantly improved mechanical and tribological properties of PI/PTFE fabric composites

AbstractIn this study, a hierarchical B4C@MoS2 hybrid is constructed by growing MoS2 nanoflowers onto micro B4C (boron carbide) surface via an in situ hydrothermal process. Thereinto, the PDA/PEI (polydopamine/polyethyleneimine) co‐deposition coating covers over the micro B4C surface to serve as the interfacial interlayer responsible for assembling the B4C and MoS2 together strongly. The achieved B4C@MoS2 hybrid is used to strengthen the tribological performance of PI/PTFE fabric phenolic composites. Tests showed that the resultant B4C@MoS2/fabric composites exhibited effective enhancement in hardness because of the outstanding strength and modulus of B4C. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of B4C@MoS2/fabric composites significantly outperformed the MoS2/fabric composites resulting from the excellent thermal and barrier properties of B4C. Moreover, the tribological tests manifested that the wear rate of B4C@MoS2/fabric composites was decreased by 84% compared to that of pure composites. The synergetic enhancement effect between B4C and MoS2 was revealed by worn surfaces and tribofilms analysis. The B4C@MoS2/fabric composites possessed the optimal wear resistance ascribed to the excellent load‐bearing capacity of B4C and lubricating property of MoS2.

Enhancement of gas-liquid mass transfer and mixing in zigzag microreactor under ultrasonic oscillation

Ultrasonic oscillation can be leveraged to efficiently intensify the gas-liquid mass transfer in microreactors. This work aims at revealing the gas-liquid mass transfer enhancement mechanism in zigzag ultrasonic microreactors (zigzag USMRs). A rigorous and quantitative comparison of the O2 mass transfer performance and mixing efficiency inside the liquid slug during the Taylor bubbles flowing within the straight and zigzag USMRs was made. The synergetic effect of zigzag geometry and ultrasonic oscillation can enhance the mass transfer by an enhancement factor from 1.88 to 3.80. However, this synergetic effect would not have a significant impact on the mixing efficiency inside the liquid slug with an enhancement factor from 0.91 to 1.03. The synergetic enhancement effect of gas-liquid mass transfer performances could not be regarded as simply adding up the separate contribution of zigzag geometry and ultrasonic oscillation. Semi-empirical equations were established to predict the overall mass transfer coefficient in zigzag USMRs.

Probing boron thermite energy release at rapid heating rates

Boron (B) is a promising fuel for energetic materials due to its high gravimetric and volumetric energy density. The enhanced ignition and combustion of B in a thermite with CuO and Bi2O3 and their mixtures compared to single metal oxides was recently demonstrated. In this study, we compared the early-time reaction B-thermite mixtures using the laser-induced air shock from energetic materials (LASEM) technique, bomb calorimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The application of LASEM to B/metal oxide samples has enabled the quantification of their microsecond-timescale energy release and excitation temperatures under extremely high heating rates, and the elucidation of their chemistry differences on both the microsecond and millisecond timescales. The time to peak combustion determined by LASEM follows the trend B/CuO/Bi2O3 < B/Bi2O3 < B/CuO. The energy release measured by LASEM on both the microsecond- (laser-induced shock velocities) and millisecond- (combustion reactions) timescales was the highest for B/CuO/Bi2O3. These relative measurements are in agreement with the heat of reaction as measured by the bomb calorimetry and onset of DSC traces, which follow similar ordering and suggests that enhanced ignition of these composites is contributing to the early-time energy release. Finally, our morphology characterization revealed that CuO has a strong affinity for both B and Bi2O3; we suggest the CuO pulls the Bi2O3 into closer contact with the B particles in the binary metal oxide mixture, resulting in a synergetic enhancement effect compared to the single metal oxide.

Remarkable synergistic effects of Mg2NiH4 and transition metal carbides (TiC, ZrC, WC) on enhancing the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2

Nanostructuring and catalyzing are effective methods for improving the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2. In this work, transition-metal-carbides (TiC, ZrC and WC) are introduced into Mg–Ni alloy to enhance its hydrogen storage performance. 5 wt% transition-metal-carbide containing Mg95Ni5 (atomic ratio) nanocomposites are prepared by mechanical milling pretreatment followed by hydriding combustion synthesis and mechanical milling process, and the synergetic enhancement effects of Mg2NiH4 and transition-metal-carbides are investigated systematically. Due to the inductive effect of Mg2NiH4 and charge transfer effect between Mg/MgH2 and transition-metal-carbides, Mg95Ni5-5 wt.% transition-metal-carbide samples all exhibit excellent hydrogen storage kinetic at moderate temperature and start to release hydrogen around 216 °C. Among them, 2.5 wt% H2 (220 °C) and 4.7 wt% H2 (250 °C) can be released from the Mg95Ni5-5 wt.% TiC sample within 1800 s. The unique mosaic structure endows the Mg95Ni5-5 wt.% TiC with excellent structural stability, thus can reach 95% of saturated hydrogen capacity within 120 s even after 10 cycles of de-/hydrogenation at 275 °C. And the probable synergistic enhancement mechanism for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation is proposed.

Enhanced natural gas hydrates formation in the suspension with metal particles and fibers

The relatively slow gas storage rate as well as poor storage capacity of the static hydration system are still major challenges in the large-scale practical application of hydrate technology. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions containing suspended copper particles (CP) and stainless steel fibers (SSF) were used for natural gas storage in clathrate hydrates at 4.0–7.0 MPa and 274.15 K. The particles and fibers in the suspension provided a large number of metal nuclei for crystallization, especially the fibers acted as metal pathway for crystallization heat transfer. The enhanced effect of CP and SSF on gas capture in hydrates was concluded through kinetics comparison of hydrates formation in the suspension and in a simple surfactant solution. In the SDS/CP–SSF system, the time required to reach the storage capacity of 100 cm3·cm−3 was shorter not only than that in the SDS solution but also than that in the CP suspension at each pressure. The hybrid suspension exhibited higher gas storage capacities (112.6–149.2 m3·m−3) and larger storage rates (7.54–39.47 cm3·cm−3·min−1) at the applied pressures, increasing by 35.6–173.0% and 19.8–26.2%, respectively, over those of the simple surfactant solution. A “point (CP)–line (SSF) model” was proposed to illustrate the synergetic enhancement effect of the CP and SSF on hydrate nucleation and heat transfer.

A 3D mutilayer curved plasmonic coupling array with abundant and uniform hot spots for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Abundant and uniform hot spots are of critical importance to an ideal surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. However, their plasmonic structure still needs to be elaborately designed in detail to obtain the expected sensitive, uniform and reproducible SERS substrate for practical applications. In this study, a self-assembled SiO2 nanosphere array was employed to support a curved graphene@Ag film, and it was further coupled with the dense AuNPs to form a 3D hierarchical AuNPs/curved graphene@Ag film@SiO2 nanosphere array (HACGAA) SERS substrate. The curved structure could provide more landing-points to effectively couple with AuNPs. It not only contributed to the denser hot spots but also induced the synergetic enhancement effect of the bimetal, which was demonstrated in an experiment and a finite-different time-domain theoretical simulation. Based on these results, it was determined that a HACGAA SERS substrate could achieve a sensitive (limit of detection of 10−11 M for a rhodamine 6G molecule and 10−9 M for 4-Aminothiophenol), quantitative, uniform, and reproducible analysis, and that it possessed the enormous potential for practical applications.

Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets supported assembled Pd nanoflowers for efficient ethanol electrooxidation

Electrocatalyzing ethanol oxidation to convert chemical energy into electrical energy is significant for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution but still challenging because of the lack of highly efficient and low-cost catalysts. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of an advanced nanocatalyst constructed by uniformly distributing 3D palladium nanoflowers (NFs) on the surface of nitrogen-doped graphene (NG). Impressively, taking advantages of the morphological and structural advantages, the as-obtained Pd NFs/NG with high surface area can display greatly improved electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline media. More importantly, the introduction of NG support renders this composite high conductivity and fast electron transport, resulting in a large promotion in electrocatalytic activity and stability. This work provides facile synthetic concept to build multi-dimensional composite catalysts with synergetic enhancement effects for wide electrocatalytic reactions.

Highly sensitive microfluidic detection of carcinoembryonic antigen via a synergetic fluorescence enhancement strategy based on the micro/nanostructure optimization of ZnO nanorod arrays and in situ ZIF-8 coating

In this work, a synergetic fluorescence enhancement strategy based on micro/nanostructure optimization of ZnO nanorod arrays and in situ ZIF-8 coating was proposed for the highly sensitive microfluidic detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The glass capillary was chosen as the microfluidic channel, and controllable construction of ZnO nanorod arrays on the inner wall of the microchannel was conducted via the intermittent reaction method. Additionally, the application of the optimal ZnO nanorod array to glass capillary-based microfluidic fluorescence detection was demonstrated. The fluorescence enhancement characteristic of the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) towards organic fluorescence labels were investigated and successfully applied to protein marker detection. After formation of sandwich immunoassay on the ZnO/PAA nanorod arrays, the in situ ZIF-8 coating via a moderate chemical method could significantly improve the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent labels via direct contact. In CEA detection, the limit of detection (LOD) reached as low as 0.01 pg mL−1, and the dynamic range was 0.01 pg mL−1 to 100 pg mL−1. Hence, the microfluidic fluorescence detection strategy based on the ZnO nanorod arrays/PAA layers/ZIF-8 coating with a synergetic fluorescence enhancement effect provides a superior, promising, and highly sensitive approach for the detection of protein markers, including CEA.

Azobenzene-based derivative self-assembly: Optical limiting properties and enhancement mechanism

In order to further investigate the dependence of optical limiting properties on the molecular structures, especially the strong intermolecular effects, such as the effects of hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole interaction and the influences of their synergistic effect on the optical limiting properties, three polar D-π-A conjugated azobenzene derivatives (N1, N2 and N3) with different hydrogen-bond recognition abilities were designed and synthesized. Their molecular structure and properties were characterized and evaluated by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectrometry, and Z-scan technique with a Q-swithed ps Nd:YAG laser system continuum. The mechanism of optical limiting enhancement is investigated by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement based on molecular self-assembly synergistic effect of hydrogen bond and dipole-dipole interaction. The results show that the nonlinear optical properties of these polar D-π-A conjugated nonlinear optical materials were obviously affected by organic molecular structure, strong intermolecular interaction and their synergetic enhancement effect.

Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via Pt@Au NRs/C3N4 Nanotubes under Visible‐Light Irradiation

AbstractAu nanorods (NRs) decorated carbon nitride nanotubes (Au NRs/CNNTs) photocatalysts have been designed and prepared by impregnation–annealing approach. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks of Au NRs can be adjusted by changing the aspect ratios, and the light absorption range of Au NRs/CNNTs is extended to longer wavelength even near‐infrared light. Optimal composition of Pt@Au NR769/CNNT650 has been achieved by adjusting the LSPR peaks of Au NRs and further depositing Pt nanoparticles (NPs), and the photocatalytic H2 evolution rate is 207.0 µmol h−1 (20 mg catalyst). Preliminary LSPR enhancement photocatalytic mechanism is suggested. On one hand, LSPR of Au NRs is beneficial for visible‐light utilization. On the other hand, Pt NPs and Au NRs have a synergetic enhancement effect on photocatalytic H2 evolution of CNNTs, in which the local electromagnetic field can improve the photogenerated carrier separation and direct electron transfer increases the hot electron concentration while Au NRs as the electron channel can well restrain charge recombination, finally Pt as co‐catalyst can boost H+ reduction rate. This work provides a new way to develop efficient photocatalysts for splitting water, which can simultaneously extend light absorption range and facilitate carrier generation, transportation and reduce carrier recombination.

Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Polyelectrolyte Composite Film Decorated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Detection of Nitrite in Curing Food at Sub-Micromolar Level.

To ensure food quality and safety, developing cost-effective, rapid and precision analytical techniques for quantitative detection of nitrite is highly desirable. Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on the sodium cellulose sulfate/poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (NaCS/PDMDAAC) composite film modified glass carbon electrode (NaCS/PDMDAAC/GCE) was proposed toward the detection of nitrite at sub-micromolar level, aiming to make full use of the inherent properties of individual component (biocompatible, low cost, good electrical conductivity for PDMDAAC; non-toxic, abundant raw materials, good film forming ability for NaCS) and synergistic enhancement effect. The NaCS/PDMDAAC/GCE was fabricated by a simple drop-casting method. Electrochemical behaviors of nitrite at NaCS/PDMDAAC/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimum conditions, the NaCS/PDMDAAC/GCE exhibits a wide linear response region of 4.0 × 10−8 mol·L−1~1.5 × 10−4 mol·L−1 and a low detection 1imit of 43 nmol·L−1. The NaCS/PDMDAAC shows a synergetic enhancement effect toward the oxidation of nitrite, and the sensing performance is much better than the previous reports. Moreover, the NaCS/PDMDAAC also shows good stability and reproducibility. The NaCS/PDMDAAC/GCE was successfully applied to the determination of nitrite in ham sausage with satisfactory results.

Sensitive determination of fenitrothion in water samples based on an electrochemical sensor layered reduced graphene oxide, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)-Au and zirconia films

An efficient, highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was developed for determination of fenitrothion in tap water, cropland water and canal water samples. The synthesized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)-Au were introduced using their synergetic enhancement effect to improve the sensor sensitivity. Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles were electro-deposited onto modified gold electrode to selectively adsorb fenitrothion, which can be further captured by cyclic voltammetry or square wave voltammetry on the basis of its redox behavior of nitrobenzene group. The immobilization process was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, illustrating the enhancement of RGO/MoS2-Au composite and the successful electro-deposition of ZrO2. Systematical method validation was performed including linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, regeneration and stability. The current is linearly correlated with the fenitrothion concentration from 5.0 to 600 ng mL−1 with the limit of detection of 2.2 ng mL−1. The developed electrochemical sensor displayed satisfactory performance in real water samples analysis.

Label-free ECL immunosensor for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis based on asymmetric heterogeneous polyaniline-gold nanomaterial

Specific and sensitive detection method for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) is highly in demand for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this work, a label-free electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the detection of anti-CCP was proposed based on the application of an interfacially synthesized asymmetric heterogeneous nanomaterial. Dumbbell-like polyaniline-gold (PANI-Au) nanocomposite show excellent synergetic enhancement effect on the ECL behaviors of graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The formation of electrostatic complex between g-C3N4 and PANI-Au composite improves the interfacial stability of hydrophilic g-C3N4. The synergetic enhancement effect of PANI and Au NPs was confirmed by tailoring the morphology of the nanocomposite. An ECL immunosensor was constructed using asymmetric PANI-Au incorporated g-C3N4 as a sensing platform. The presence of Au NPs enables the facile immobilization of the recognition element for anti-CCP antibody. The simple preparation method endows the good reproducibility and stability for the proposed ECL immunosensor. A wide linear range of 0.001∼15ngmL−1 with a lower detection limit of 0.2pgmL−1 was obtained for the determination of anti-CCP antibody. The proposed ECL method may has promising application in other bioassays.