Synbiotic Supplementation Research Articles

Prevention and Treatment of Neonatal Infections in Facility and Community Settings of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Descriptive Review

Introduction: We present a robust and up-to-date synthesis of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and treat newborn infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Newborn infection prevention interventions included strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR), prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), clean birth kits (CBKs), chlorhexidine cleansing, topical emollients, and probiotic and synbiotic supplementation. Interventions to treat suspected neonatal infections included prophylactic systemic antifungal agents and community-based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections (PSBIs). Methods: A descriptive review combining different methodological approaches was conducted. To provide the most suitable recommendations for real-world implementation, our analyses considered the impact of these interventions within three distinct health settings: facility, mixed, and community. Results: In facility settings, the strongest evidence supported the implementation of multimodal stewardship interventions for AMR reduction and device-associated infection prevention bundles for HAI prevention. Emollients in preterm newborns reduced the risk of invasive infection compared to routine skin care. Probiotics in preterm newborns reduced neonatal mortality, invasive infection, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) risks compared to standard care or placebo. There was insufficient evidence for synbiotics and prophylactic systemic antifungals in LMICs. In mixed settings, CBKs reduced neonatal mortality risk compared to standard care. In community settings, chlorhexidine umbilical cord cleansing reduced omphalitis risk compared to dry cord care. For the treatment of PSBIs, purely domiciliary-based antibiotic delivery reduced the risk of all-cause neonatal mortality when compared to the standard hospital referral. Conclusion: Strategies for preventing HAIs and reducing AMR in healthcare facilities should be multimodal, and strategy selection should consider the feasibility of integration within existing newborn care programs. Probiotics are effective for facility-based use in preterm newborns; however, the establishment of high-quality, cost-effective mass production of standardized formulations is needed. Chlorhexidine cord cleansing is effective in community settings to prevent omphalitis in contexts where unhygienic cord applications are prevalent. Community-based antibiotic delivery of simplified regimens for PSBIs is a safe alternative when hospital-based care in LMICs is not possible or is declined by parents. More randomized trial evidence is needed to establish the effectiveness of CBKs, emollients, synbiotics, and prophylactic systemic antifungals in LMICs.

The effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplements on anthropometric measures and respiratory infections in malnourished children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundMalnutrition remains a significant concern in many societies. This study systematically reviewed the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on anthropometric measures in malnourished children, focusing on changes in weight, height, and respiratory infections (primary outcomes), and head circumference, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and body mass index (BMI) as secondary outcomes.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis involved searching various databases in both Persian and English, including Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and PubMed up to October 5, 2024. Non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were excluded. The Cochrane Handbook Risk of Bias Version 2 tool was used to assess risk of bias, and RevMan 5.3 software was employed for analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of supplement received. Meta-regression was applied to identify factors influencing results, and the GRADE approach was used to evaluate evidence certainty.ResultsTwelve studies with a total of 3,086 children (aged up to 6 years, equally distributed between boys and girls) were included. All children were malnourished without underlying illnesses. Limitations of the study included variations in intervention type, dose, duration, and timing of outcome measurement. Meta-analysis revealed that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may increase weight (6 trials, mean difference: 0.33 kg, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.50, low certainty of evidence), while probiotics and synbiotics may increase height compared to control groups (5 trials, mean difference: 0.44 cm, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.85, low certainty of evidence). However, probiotics and synbiotics did not show a statistically significant effect on lower respiratory tract infections (5 trials, risk ratio: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.04, moderate certainty of evidence). Meta-regression indicated that intervention type, sample size, and follow-up duration were not significant moderators for outcomes related to weight, height, or respiratory infections.ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplements may help manage malnutrition-related outcomes in malnourished children, but further research with stronger study designs is needed to confirm these findings due to the low certainty of evidence.

Efficacy of High-Dose Synbiotic Additives for Deoxynivalenol Detoxification: Effects on Blood Biochemistry, Histology, and Intestinal Microbiome in Weaned Piglets

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin observed in cereal grains, and feed contamination poses health risks to pigs. Biological antidotes, such as synbiotics (SYNs), have garnered attention for mitigating DON toxicity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of SYNs by comparing the blood biochemistry, histology, and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. A 4-week trial was conducted on 32 weaned piglets. After a week of diet and environmental adaptation, the pigs were divided into four groups: (1) control (CON, n = 8); (2) SYN (n = 8); (3) DON (n = 8); and (4) DON+SYN (n = 8). The SYN supplementation of weaned piglets increased the final body weight (21.71 ± 0.93 vs. 20.73 ± 0.84), average daily gain (0.38 ± 0.02 vs. 0.34 ± 0.02), and gain-to-feed ratio (0.49 ± 0.04 vs. 0.43 ± 0.02), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (2.14 ± 0.14 vs. 2.39 ± 0.13) compared to the DON group. A high dose of DON induced liver and colon fibrosis and liver and cecum apoptosis, which were alleviated by SYNs. Glucose in the DON group (84.9 ± 3.7) was significantly lower than in the control (101.3 ± 4.2). Additionally, both the DON and DON+SYN groups exhibited higher creatine (0.9 ± 0.0 and 0.9 ± 0.1) and lower cholesterol (88.3 ± 3.2 and 90.0 ± 4.8) levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SYNs alleviated DON toxicity, indicating its potential as an antidote for specific biomarkers.

Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and scGOS/lcFOS Supplementation to Dams Ameliorates Infant Rotavirus Infection in Early Life.

The immune system of newborns is underdeveloped, leaving them susceptible to infections like rotavirus (RV). Despite vaccines, RV remains a leading cause of child mortality, especially in developing countries. Maternal immunity is transferred during pregnancy and breastfeeding to the offspring providing protection against RV infection. This study aims to explore how the maternal diet can enhance the newborn's ability to fight early infections. Pregnant rats received orally Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and short chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS)/long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS). At day 5 of life pups are infected with RV and at day 8, samples are collected for the infection analysis. Pups whose mothers received the synbiotic have lower RV infection severity. The levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) IgG2c and IgA are raised in pups' plasma and digested milk, respectively. Synbiotic supplementation improves intestinal maturation and increases gene expression of immune-related genes. In conclusion, the administration of this synbiotic to gestating and lactating mothers ameliorates the incidence and severity of the pup's diarrhea caused by the RV infection by improving their immunity.

Investigating the effect of synbiotic supplementation on inflammatory indices in critically ill septic children: a protocol study for randomized control trial

BackgroundSepsis, a severe inflammatory response to infection, is a global health priority due to its high mortality and long-term disability rates. Its pathophysiology involves both inflammation and immune suppression. Managing sepsis requires significant healthcare resources and expenditure, with sepsis being a leading cause of hospital costs. Gut microbiotas play a crucial role in sepsis, and probiotics show promise in managing it by restoring microbial balance. Despite advances, targeted therapies for sepsis remain elusive, necessitating innovative approaches such as probiotic therapy.MethodFifty-four eligible patients with sepsis will be randomly assigned to either the synbiotic or placebo group. The synbiotic supplement, KidiLact, comprises ten probiotic strains and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides. Participants will receive two sachets daily for 7 days, mixed with sterile water and administered orally or via gavage. Inflammatory factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) will be evaluated. Anthropometric measurements, nutritional assessment, biochemical analysis, and clinical evaluation will be conducted to assess treatment outcomes. Statistical analysis will be performed to compare results between the two groups, employing SPSS version 19 with a significance level of P < .05.ConclusionThis randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate synbiotic supplementation effects on inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in pediatric sepsis patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Probiotics have shown promise in reducing proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP, which are vital in the inflammatory response. Synbiotics can enhance gut integrity, preventing pathogen translocation and reducing inflammation. If our expectations regarding the effects of probiotics are correct, we can use them as a cost-effective supplement to improve the condition of pediatric sepsis in hospitals.Trial registrationIRCT,IRCT20230523058266N1 Registered 30 October 2023, https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/71397.

Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects various organs in the body. In SLE, inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory process. Synbiotics may help modulate these inflammatory cytokines. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the impact of synbiotics intervention on interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels, disease activity, and inflammatory factors in patients with SLE. Fifty SLE patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard therapy plus synbiotics (consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides) or standard therapy alone for 2 months. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in both protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A, as well as in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 score, within the synbiotics group after the intervention compared to baseline. In contrast, the placebo group did not experience significant changes in IL-17A levels or disease activity. Synbiotic supplementation shows potential as an adjunctive therapeutic approach for SLE management; however, further research is needed to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study explores the use of synbiotics as a supplementary treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus, which is typically managed with immunosuppressive therapies.

Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Gastric Cancer: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Applications-A Literature Review.

Emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of gastrointestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection stands out as a primary pathogenic factor. However, interventions such as anti-H. pylori therapy, gastric surgeries, immunotherapy, and chronic inflammation significantly remodel the gastric microbiome, implicating a broader spectrum of microorganisms in cancer development. These microbial populations can modulate gastric carcinogenesis through various mechanisms, including sustained chronic inflammation, bacterial genotoxins, alterations in short-chain fatty acids, elevated gastrointestinal bile acids, impaired mucus barrier function, and increased concentrations of N-nitrosamines and lactic acid. The dynamic changes in gut microbiota also critically influence the outcomes of anti-cancer therapies by modifying drug bioavailability and metabolism, thus affecting therapeutic efficacy and side effect profiles. Additionally, the effectiveness of radiotherapy can be significantly impacted by gut microbiota alterations. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome, such as dietary interventions, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are showing promise in cancer treatment. Understanding the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and gastric cancer is essential for developing new, evidence-based approaches to the prevention and treatment of this malignancy.

The impact of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements on CD4, CD8 counts and inflammatory markers in HIV patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The impact of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements on CD4, CD8 counts and inflammatory markers in HIV patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

There is scarce evidence about which probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic supplementation is the most appropriate to improve sarcopenia parameters, and this presents a challenge. The effects of consumption of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on sarcopenia, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance and function were assessed in this study. In addition, another aim of the study was to determine the best probiotic, prebiotic, and/or synbiotic for the management of sarcopenia in older adults. A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS databases, and other sources (eg, references obtained from articles identified in databases). The search was limited from 2000 to 2023 and was based on sarcopenia parameters, and probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics supplementation. The quality of each included study also was assessed. A meta-analysis was performed with the Review Manager program and publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review and 4 in the meta-analysis. Results showed that probiotics supplementation improved muscle strength and physical performance and function and suggested a beneficial effect on muscle mass. Prebiotics are suggested to be effective on muscle strength. The meta-analysis also determined that probiotic interventions were effective in increasing muscle strength by handgrip strength (mean difference [MD], 2.50 kg [95% CI, 1.33-3.66]; P < .0001) and physical performance and function by gait speed (MD, 0.10 m/s [95% CI, 1.33-3.66]; P < .0001) and physical performance and function by gait speed (MD, 0.10 m/s [95%CI, 0.03-0.16]; P = .003), but when sensitivity analysis was applied, the effectiveness was only maintained for gait speed. Nutritional strategies based on probiotic supplementation seem to improve muscle strength and physical function. More robust research is needed with high-quality RCTs to confirm probiotics' effects. There is still limited evidence about prebiotic and synbiotic strategies, and more evidence is needed to elucidate their effects on sarcopenia parameters. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022360514.

Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundAntipsychotic drugs may have adverse effects on the components of metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have shown that changes in the intestinal microbiome are associated with metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of synbiotics on the components of metabolic syndrome as primary outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. Secondary outcomes were HbA1c, insulin resistance, LDL-c, and anthropometric measurements.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, seventy patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic drugs who had at least two criteria of metabolic syndrome were randomly divided into two groups to receive either two capsules of a synbiotic supplement or a placebo daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after the intervention.ResultsFifty-five patients completed the study. The synbiotic supplement significantly decreased waist circumference and HbA1C compared to placebo (-2.66 ± 4.20 vs. 3.03 ± 4.50 and − 0.26 ± 0.54 vs. 0.20 ± 0.75, respectively). Although BMI did not change significantly in the synbiotic + antipsychotic group, it increased in the placebo + antipsychotic group (-0.37 ± 1.00 vs. 0.61 ± 1.09 P < 0.5). LDL-c and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased significantly in the synbiotic + antipsychotic group, but the change was not significantly different from that of the placebo + antipsychotic group. FBS, HDL-c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and total cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups after intervention.ConclusionSynbiotic supplement may decrease waist circumference, HbA1c, LDL and TG and prevent BMI increase in patients receiving antipsychotic drugs.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT Number: IRCT20090901002394N45), Date: 26-12-2019.

Synbiotic supplementation may globally improve non-motor symptoms in patients with stable Parkinson’s disease: results from an open label single-arm study

Gut microbiota changes and brain-gut-axis (BGA) dysregulation are common in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Probiotics and prebiotics are emerging as a potential therapeutic approach for PD patients. The aim of this paper was to assess the neurological and gastroenterological effects in PD patients with constipation after the administration of a synbiotic product, with a focus on behavioral and cognitive symptoms. We enrolled patients with stable PD who met diagnostic criteria for functional constipation and/or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation according to Rome IV Criteria. Patients received a synbiotic treatment (Enterolactis Duo, containing the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG and the prebiotic fiber inulin) for 12 weeks. A neurological and a gastroenterological evaluation were collected before and after the treatment. In addition, 16S rRNA gene profiling and short chain fatty acid quantification were performed to characterize the microbial ecosystem of fecal samples collected before (n = 22) and after (n = 9) the synbiotic administration. 30 patients were consecutively enrolled. After treatment, patients performed better in MDS-UPDRS part 1 (p = 0.000), SCOPA-AUT (p = 0.001), TAS-20 (p = 0.014), HAM-D (p = 0.026), DIFt (p = 0.003), PAS-A (p = 0.048). Gastroenterological evaluations showed improvements in PAC-SYM score (p < 0.001), number of complete bowel movement (p < 0.001) and BSFS (p < 0.001). After the synbiotic administration, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of the order Oscillospirales, as well as the Oscillospiraceae family and the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii within this order in fecal samples. Synbiotic treatment demonstrates potential efficacy in ameliorating non-motor features in PD patients.

The impact of pre-, pro- and synbiotics supplementation in colorectal cancer treatment: A systematic review

The impact of pre-, pro- and synbiotics supplementation in colorectal cancer treatment: A systematic review

The impact of a 3-month synbiotic supplementation on patient-reported outcomes, exercise tolerance, and brain and muscle metabolism in adult patients dealing with post-COVID-19 chronic fatigue syndrome

The impact of a 3-month synbiotic supplementation on patient-reported outcomes, exercise tolerance, and brain and muscle metabolism in adult patients dealing with post-COVID-19 chronic fatigue syndrome

Does the Composition of Gut Microbiota Affect Chronic Kidney Disease? Molecular Mechanisms Contributed to Decreasing Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very prevalent and insidious disease, particularly with initially poorly manifested symptoms that progressively culminate in the manifestation of an advanced stage of the condition. The gradual impairment of kidney function, particularly decreased filtration capacity, results in the retention of uremic toxins and affects numerous molecular mechanisms within the body. The dysbiotic intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in the accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins such as p-cresol (pC), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS) through the ongoing fermentation process. The described phenomenon leads to an elevated level of oxidative stress and inflammation, subsequently resulting in tissue damage and complications, particularly an increase in cardiovascular risk, representing the predominant cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, exploring methods to reduce uremic toxins is currently a pivotal therapeutic strategy aimed at reducing the risk of organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to summarize recent discoveries on modifying the composition of the intestinal microbiota through the introduction of special probiotic and synbiotic supplements for CKD therapy. The potential to connect the gut microbiota with CKD opens the possibility for further extensive research in this area, which could lead to the incorporation of synbiotics and probiotics into the fundamental treatment and prevention of CKD.

Exploring the synergistic effects of vitamin D and synbiotics on cytokines profile, and treatment response in breast cancer: a pilot randomized clinical trial.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D and/or synbiotics on the response to treatment, cytokines profile and hormonal biomarkers in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. A total of 76 patients were recruited and completed the course of the intervention between 2019 and 2021 in Kerman, Iran. breast cancer patients were randomly enrolled in this study. Patients divided into four groups to receive one of the following regimens: placebo, vitamin D, synbiotics and a combination of vitamin D and synbiotics. clinicopathologic parameters, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and hormonal levels were measured at the baseline and four months after intervention. The study results found no clear link between the interventions and achieving pathological complete response (pCR), and a similar trend was observed in Ki-67 index examination. After neoadjuvant therapy, TNF-α concentrations decreased, with vitamin D supplementation moderating this decline. Vitamin D supplemented groups showed a significant increase in serum IL-6 levels. While IL-10 levels decreased in the placebo group, all intervention groups were protected from this decline. Moreover, there was a notable increase in the anti-inflammatory index, particularly in the group receiving both vitamin D and synbiotic supplementation, suggesting potential synergistic anti-inflammatory effects from their combined administration. The outcomes suggest a potential anti-inflammatory function of this combination. Consequently, more extensive studies with prolonged follow-up periods and substantial sample sizes are warranted to thoroughly evaluate their potential benefits for breast cancer patients.

Synbiotic supplementation ameliorates anxiety and myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in hyperglycaemic rats by modulating gut microbiota.

Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity are the main risk factors affecting the development and prognosis of ischaemic heart disease, which is still an important cause of death today. In our study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high fat and high carbohydrate diet (HF-HCD) for 8weeks and streptozotocin (STZ) was injected at the seventh week of the feeding period. In one set of rats, a mixture of a prebiotic and probiotics (synbiotic, SYN) was administered by gavage starting from the beginning of the feeding period. Experimental myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (30min/60min) was induced at the end of 8weeks. Hyperglycaemia, hypertension and increased serum low-density lipoprotein levels occurred in SD- and HF-HCD-fed and STZ-treated rats followed for 8weeks. Increased density of the Proteobacteria phylum was observed in rats with increased blood glucose levels, indicating intestinal dysbiosis. The severity of cardiac damage was highest in the dysbiotic HF-HCD-fed hyperglycaemic rats, which was evident with increased serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels, along with a decrease in ST-segment resolution index. SYN supplementation to either a normal or a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet improved gut dysbiosis, reduced anxiety, decreased CK-MB and cTnI levels, and alleviated myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in hyperglycaemic rats.

Effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on circadian clock in rats with fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver

BackgroundThe rate of NAFLD in the general population is estimated to be 25.2%. NAFLD is affected by lifestyle, diet, and inflammation. In this study, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics was aimed to modulate the circadian clock in the liver and improve metabolic disorder through the gut–liver axis.MethodsSix-week-old, healthy, 43 Wistar albino rats were included in the study and their average weight was determined as 140.50 g (95.00–177.00) at the beginning of the study. Before the study, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 8 animals were placed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups and 11 animals were placed in the 2nd group. Rats in group 1 were fed standard food for 13 weeks. Rats in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with 10% fructose water during the 1-week adaptation period and then 20% fructose water. After the 7th week, probiotic treatment (2 × 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) was administered to rats in group 3rd via gavage for 6 weeks, and prebiotic treatment was administered to rats in group 4th with feed containing 10% grape seed extract. Rats in the 5th group were given a feed consisting of 10% grape seed extract and 2 × 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG via gavage.ResultsIt was determined that the use of prebiotics as a treatment option in fatty liver had a more positive effect on glucose, ALT, melatonin, and ZO-1 values. In addition, it was observed that synbiotic use had more positive effects on histopathological findings, NAS score, and the expression level of circadian clock genes. While there was no significant difference between the mRNA levels of circadian clock genes, it was observed that gene expression levels increased with fructose consumption and decreased especially with synbiotic treatment.ConclusionIt has been observed that fructose modulates the circadian rhythm by affecting some biochemical and genomic pathways as a result of synbiotic use in order to prevent the negative effects of fructose on fatty liver.

Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on The Growth and Hematological Attributes of Broiler Chicken (Gallus Gallus) Infected with Coccidiosis

Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on The Growth and Hematological Attributes of Broiler Chicken (Gallus Gallus) Infected with Coccidiosis

Efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundThere is a contradiction in the use of microbiota-therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, to improve the condition of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of microbiota-therapy on liver injury, inflammation, and lipid levels in individuals with NAFLD.MethodsUsing Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles on the use of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic for the treatment of patients with NAFLD up to March 2024.ResultsThirty-four studies involving 12,682 individuals were included. Meta-analysis indicated that probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation significantly improved liver injury (hepatic fibrosis, SMD = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.09; aspartate aminotransferase, SMD = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.15; alanine aminotransferase, SMD = -0.48; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.25; alkaline phosphatase, SMD = -0.81; 95% CI: -1.55, -0.08), lipid profiles (triglycerides, SMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.02), and inflammatory factors (high-density lipoprotein, SMD = -0.47; 95% CI: -0.88, -0.06; tumour necrosis factor alpha, SMD = -0.86 95% CI: -1.56, -0.56).ConclusionOverall, supplementation with probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic had a positive effect on reducing liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and inflammatory cytokines in patients with NAFLD.

Synbiotic supplementation with xylooligosaccharide derived probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri and prebiotic mixture exerts antidiabetic effects via collaborative action

The guts of young humans and animals are abundant in various beneficial bacteria, and certain probiotics have a remarkable blood glucose-regulating impact on diabetic mice. This study adopts a novel approach based on the separation and purification after prebiotics enrich probiotics entering the stable stage to explore synbiotics, which is more rapid and circumvents difficulties such as difficult intestinal entry, long time consumption, and challenges in finding matching synbiotics. Through measuring the inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro and its probiotic characteristics, Lactobacillus gasseri Y11 is screened and identified. Utilizing a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin to establish a diabetic mouse model, the hypoglycemic mechanism of synbiotics in type 2 diabetic mice is investigated. The association between the gut microbiota and serum indices and genes is analyzed using the Mantel test and Spearman correlation analysis. The findings indicate that different intervention groups can ameliorate body weight and HDL-C, and reduce FBG, TG, TC, LDL-C, HbA1C, INS, HOMA-IR, and QUICK1 levels, enhancing blood glucose homeostasis, blood lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity of mice, and regulating the expression of genes like GIP, GLP-1, PPARγ, PEPCK, G6PASE, MTOR-S6K1, and GLUT-2 in the ileum and liver. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is employed to analyze the gut microbiota. In the Synbiotics group, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia is increased. In summary, this study devises a new synbiotics screening strategy, explores its potential in treating type 2 diabetes, and provides a new research direction for the anti-diabetic mechanism.