Violence Symptoms Research Articles

Prediction of Disruptive Behavior over Time from Changes in Patients’ Global Functioning in Acute Psychiatric Care

Disruptive behavior of patients in acute psychiatric care is a problem for both patients and staff. Preventing a patient’s impending disruption requires recognizing and understanding early signals. There are indications that a change in a patient’s global functioning may be such a signal. The global functioning of patients is a multidimensional view on their functioning. It captures a patient’s psychological symptoms, social skills, symptoms of violence, and activities in daily living. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the predictive value of global functioning on the risk of disruptive behavior of patients in acute psychiatric care. Also assessed was the time elapsed between the change in global functioning and a patient’s disruptive behavior, which is necessary to know for purposes of early intervention. In a longitudinal retrospective study, we used daily measurements with the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) and the Kennedy Axis V (K-As) of each patient admitted to two acute psychiatric units over a period of six years. Data from 931 patients for the first 28 days after their admission were used for survival analysis and cox regression analysis. Disruptive behavior was mostly observed during the first days of hospitalization. Global functioning predicted disruptive behavior from the very first day of hospitalization. A cut-off score of 48 or lower on the K-As on the first admission day predicted a higher risk of disruptive behavior. If functioning remained poor or deteriorated substantially over three days, this was an additional signal of increased risk of disruptive behavior. Improvement in global functioning was associated with a decreased risk of disruptive behavior. More attention is needed for early interventions on global functioning to prevent disruptive behavior.

The Space of Disappearance: A Narrative Commons in the Ruins of Argentine State Terror by Karen Elizabeth Bishop

Reviewed by: The Space of Disappearance: A Narrative Commons in the Ruins of Argentine State Terror by Karen Elizabeth Bishop Erika Teichert Bishop, Karen Elizabeth. The Space of Disappearance: A Narrative Commons in the Ruins of Argentine State Terror. State U of New York P, 2020. 244 pp. ISBN: 9781438478524. Karen Elizabeth Bishop's book is a literary study of disappearance in late twentieth-century Argentine fiction. Reflecting on the country's dictatorial past, Bishop observes that disappearance "shows up as literary preoccupation, device, and mode in relation to the legacies of concealment, disavowal, and withholding of knowledge that enabled enforced disappearance to work as a tool of state terror" (3-4). Relying on her dexterous knowledge of literary theory and on close reading as her "principal methodology" (31), Bishop identifies "four modes of disappearance" (13) in works by Rodolfo Walsh, Julio Cortázar, and Tomás Eloy Martínez: "dissimulation," "doubling and displacement," "suspension," and "the embodiment of disappearance" (13). At the centre, lies an intriguing argument about the politics of disappearance: that "disappearance functions to construct a narrative commons," offering "a rich ethical common ground: at once a graveyard for those denied one, a textual meeting place, and a staging ground for new ways into text, world, and how we know" (27). Chapter 1 focuses on Walsh's short story 'Variaciones en rojo' (1953). Written before the last military dictatorship, Bishop suggests that this story "offers up an early version" of techniques of dissimulation (41). Thus, pursuing a political reading of Walsh's early detective fiction (46), Bishop asks what the crime committed in the story, together with its attempted cover-up and its subsequent resolution through the interpretation of artworks, can tell us about disappearance. While disappearance is posed in "aesthetic" terms (54), the story holds political lessons about how it operates in authoritarianism, and how it can be resisted. In Bishop's interpretation, "the [End Page 155] story gains in its capacity to function as cipher for understanding how dissimulation and disappearance work in concert as symptoms of violence and as catalysts for the production of new logic-based knowledge" (69). Walsh pushes the subject-matter to its rational limits, showing "that disappearance can be dismantled by logic and the careful parsing of spatial composition, and the violence at its core revealed" (69). As readers, we are asked to interpret disappearance "despite its dissimulation" and, more crucially, to "enact some sort of agency despite the epistemological instabilities that disappearance manifests" (54). Chapter 2 examines Cortázar's graphic novella Fantomas contra los vampiros multinacionales (1975). Bishop argues that Cortázar employs "doubling and displacement as part of a hermeneutics of catastrophe" to "disclose the constitutive parts of disappearance and reveal how it works to both signal and cover up for a larger network of violence" in the year before the 1976 coup (72). Bishop is interested in the "doubled" nature of the work, and how it manages to "displace" the reader into interpreting history-in-the-making. Doubling is present in different ways: in Cortázar's "doubled" identity —as an intellectual writer, and as a politically aware exile (78); in the novella's "double duty" (82)— as part "political intervention" disseminating the 1974 Russel Tribunal findings, and part "aesthetic undertaking" (85); and in the "doubled" storyline —the disappearance of books that acts as a "smokescreen" for the real crimes documented by the Tribunal (88). Cortázar, who recognises his present as a hinge political moment, wants his readers to do the same: to exercise a "split vision" (106) to identify "this moment as historically charged" (106), and act upon a "catastrophe in the making" (110). Disappearance, in the form of doubling and displacement, "is a self-reflective mode of revelation and commitment" (117). Chapter 3 looks at Martínez's La novela de Perón (1985). Bishop analyses Martínez's use of suspension, a kind of narrative bracketing or purposeful omission, to write a history that only fiction can access (122). Mainly, suspension resides in the figure of Perón himself: "Martínez effects a series of suspensions that keeps Perón in abeyance for the duration of this novel" (127). Thus, the author...

Upaya Deradikalisasi dalam Menangkal Ekstrimisme dan Radikalisme pada Mahasiswa

Extremism and radicalism are becoming one of our country's most pressing issues.When one radical group's goals are not achieved, violence symptoms become commonplace.The primary target audience for radical groups that spread extremism is children.As a result, the government is taking preventative measures, including through educational establishments, teachers, and curriculum, to raise a younger generation with a more nationalistic outlook as well as a more tolerant and moderate attitude.
 In an effort to combat extremism and radicalism, deradicalization can be accomplished through the provision of adequate explanations regarding Islam, the promotion of dialogue in Islamic religious education, the monitoring of activities and materials related to religious assistance, and the introduction and implementation of multicultural education.A solution to the problem of radicalism that targets today's younger generation is to strengthen the Islamic education curriculum in educational institutions based on Islamic moderation.

Determining the Levels of Recognition of the Symptoms of Violence Against Women by midwives

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ebelerin kadına yönelik şiddet belirtilerini tanıma düzeylerini belirlemektir. 
 Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipte bu araştırma Türkiye genelinde kamu kuruluşunda çalışan toplam 213 ebe ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, Ebe Tanıtım Formu ve Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Belirtilerini Tanımalarına İlişkin Ölçek (HEKYŞBTÖ) kullanılarak online olarak toplanmıştır. 
 Bulgular: Ebelerin toplam HEKYŞBTÖ puan ortalaması 19.94±2.96 (min=12, max=26), fiziksel belirtiler alt boyut puan ortalaması 8.12±1.53 (min=4, max=12), duygusal belirtiler alt boyut puan ortalaması 11.82±2.27 (min=6, max=16) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kadına yönelik şiddet belirtilerini tanıma konusunda eğitim alındığında şiddet belirtilerini tanıma düzeyi yükselmektedir. Ayrıca kadına yönelik şiddetle karşılaşan ebelerin nerdeyse yarısı konu ile ilgili herhangi bir bildirimde bulunmamıştır. 
 Sonuç: Özellikle birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşunda çalışan ebeler, 15-49 yaş kadın ve gebe izlemlerinde kadınlarla etkili bir iletişim kurma şansına sahiptir. Ebelerin farkındalıklarının artması ve böyle bir durumla karşılaştığında herhangi bir tereddüt yaşamadan bildirimde bulunması için konu ile ilgili düzenli eğitim verilmesi ve lisans eğitim müfredatlarına eklenmesi önerilmektedir.

Homoeopathic Treatment of a Case of Mania with Psychotic Features

AbstractMania is an abnormal feature of bipolar affective disorder, which can cause emotional, functional and cognitive impairment with a direct impact on the quality of life of the patient. A case reported in the outpatient department of the National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health with symptoms of violence, hurting her sister and mother, abusiveness, irritability, anger, impulsiveness, gesturing with hands, self-laughing and self-talking, tendency to run away from home, sleeplessness, fear of being poisoned and reduced appetite. The case was diagnosed by the consultant psychiatrist as manic episode with psychotic feature as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research. At the time of admission, the Young Mania Rating Scale scored 36. Carcinosinum 200 was prescribed, but no relief was obtained. So, Sepia officinalis 200 was selected as the second prescription. The social functioning and quality of life of the patient improved. There is no recurrence of a manic episode in the past 1 year. The outcome report of this case shows that the individualised homoeopathic treatment for mania with psychotic features got full remission without the support of any adjunctive therapy or conventional medication.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers trained in responding to violence against women: a pre- and post-intervention study

BackgroundViolence against women is a serious public health concern, and is highly prevalent globally, including in India. Health-care providers [HCPs] can play an important role in addressing and reducing negative consequences of violence against women. We implemented a pre-post intervention study of HCP training in three tertiary care facilities in Maharashtra, India.MethodsThe study used a pre-post intervention design with assessment of HCPs’ (n = 201) knowledge, attitudes, perceived preparedness and practice at three time points: before training, after training and at 6 months follow- up.ResultsTotal median score of knowledge about common signs and symptoms of violence (8.89 vs, 10.00), attitudes towards acceptability of violence (9.05 vs. 10.00), individual (6.74 vs. 10.00) and system level preparedness (6.11 vs. 8.14) improved from pre to post- training. The generalized estimating equation [GEE] model, adjusted for age, sex, site and department, showed an improvement in knowledge, attitudes and preparedness post- training. The change from pre to 6 months follow- up was not significant for attitude.ConclusionsThis package of interventions, including training of HCPs, improved HCPs’ knowledge, attitudes and practices, yet changes in attitudes and preparedness did not sustain over time. This study indicates feasibility and positive influence of a multi-component intervention to improve HCP readiness to respond to violence against women in a low-resource setting. Future phases of intervention development include adapting this intervention package for primary and secondary health facilities in this context, and future research should assess these interventions using a rigorous experimental design. Finally, these results can be used to advocate for multi-layered, systems-based approaches to strengthening health response to violence against women.

Teen-dating violence: conception of adolescents in a Brazilian metropolis

:Background:Teen-dating violence (TDV) can lead to health problems for those involved, especially females, including homicides and is predictive of intimate partner violence in adulthood. Methods:To analyze the adolescents' perception of definitions, justifications and consequences of TDV, a qualitative study through 13 focus groups with 132 high school students from public and private schools of Rio de Janeiro city, including 70 girls and 62 boys was conducted. We followed a guide with questions about interpersonal violence and participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic data. The data analysis included reading and comprehension of the textual data; coding of the reports according to the emerged categories; identification of the meanings attributed by the subjects to the questions raised; comparative dialogue with literature; and elaboration of interpretative synthesis. Results:Most adolescents affirmed that TDV is not justifiable. However, in practice, they found it acceptable in certain situations. The narratives of the boys were based on the role of the perpetrator and the girls on that of the victim. Violence occurs when the man feels his power challenged and is influenced by situations of violence experienced in his own family as victims or witnesses. The TDV consequences are for the women and include, in addition to physical and psychological damage, relational problems in other spheres such as family, friends and school. The experience of violence was more common among public school students.Conclusions:The adolescents’ narratives reflect the gender patterns of society in which violence results from inequality of power. The data of this study offer subsidies to policies on TDV prevention and its consequences. They can contribute to training primary care professionals to identify on clinical consultations signs and symptoms of violence and to develop interventions to reduce the health problems of victims.

Teen-dating violence: conception of adolescents in a Brazilian metropolis.

Teen-dating violence (TDV) can lead to health problems for those involved, especially females, including homicides and is predictive of intimate partner violence in adulthood. To analyze the adolescents' perception of definitions, justifications and consequences of TDV, a qualitative study through 13 focus groups with 132 high school students from public and private schools of Rio de Janeiro city, including 70 girls and 62 boys was conducted. We followed a guide with questions about interpersonal violence and participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic data. The data analysis included reading and comprehension of the textual data; coding of the reports according to the emerged categories; identification of the meanings attributed by the subjects to the questions raised; comparative dialogue with literature; and elaboration of interpretative synthesis. Most adolescents affirmed that TDV is not justifiable. However, in practice, they found it acceptable in certain situations. The narratives of the boys were based on the role of the perpetrator and the girls on that of the victim. Violence occurs when the man feels his power challenged and is influenced by situations of violence experienced in his own family as victims or witnesses. The TDV consequences are for the women and include, in addition to physical and psychological damage, relational problems in other spheres such as family, friends and school. The experience of violence was more common among public school students. The adolescents' narratives reflect the gender patterns of society in which violence results from inequality of power. The data of this study offer subsidies to policies on TDV prevention and its consequences. They can contribute to training primary care professionals to identify on clinical consultations signs and symptoms of violence and to develop interventions to reduce the health problems of victims.

Family Dynamics of Boys Victims of Sexual Abuse

Abstract The family represents a privileged place for the detection of signs and symptoms of violence against children and adolescents, especially against boys, phenomenon underreported. The purpose of this paper was to broaden the understanding about issues related to family dynamics in sexual violence against boys by the use of qualitative method; in order to do so, it was made a documentary research of three cases of boys attended at a health service. Three main axes were highlighted in this article: the importance of family in the disclosure of sexual abuse, stigmas and prejudices, and the proximity of the offenders to the boys. It was observed that family dynamics actively influenced the abusive processes because of its possibility to favor protective or unprotected settings and also for the presence of issues such as transgenerationality and confusion in the family role plays. Thus, it is essential that interventions are also directed to the families, so that they are instructed to better protect the boys.

Gendered pattern of burn injuries in India: a neglected health issue

There are an estimated 7 million burn injuries in India annually, of which 700,000 require hospital admission and 140,000 are fatal. According to the National Burns Programme, 91,000 of these deaths are women; a figure higher than that for maternal mortality. Women of child bearing age are on average three times more likely than men to die of burn injuries. This paper reviews the existing literature on burn injuries in India and raises pertinent issues about prevalence, causes and gaps in recognising the gendered factors leading to a high number of women dying due to burns. The work of various women’s groups and health researchers with burns victims raises several questions about the categorisation of burn deaths as accident, suicide and homicide and the failure of the health system to recognise underlying violence. Despite compelling evidence, the health system has not recognised this as a priority. Considering the substantial cost of burns care, prevention is the key which requires health systems to recognise the linkages between burn injuries and domestic violence. Health systems need to integrate awareness programmes about domestic violence and train health professionals to identify signs and symptoms of violence. This would contribute to early identification of abuse so that survivors are able to access support services at an early stage.

Domestic violence during pregnancy: Midwives׳ experiences

Objectivethe aim of this qualitative study was to explore midwives׳ knowledge and clinical experience of domestic violence among pregnant women, with particular emphasis on their perceptions of their professional role. Designthe data collected for this phenomenological-hermeneutical qualitative study were collected using semi-structured interviews, and analysed according to Denzin and Lincoln (2011). Setting and participantsfifteen hospital and community midwives working in the local health district of Monza and Brianza in northern Italy were recruited between July and October 2012. Findingsthree main themes emerged: ‘it is difficult to recognise domestic violence’ because of a limited knowledge of the most common signs and symptoms of violence, a lack of training, cultural taboos, and the women׳s unwillingness to disclose abuse; ‘we have a certain number of means of identifying violence’, such as relationships with the woman, specific professional training and screening tools, which have advantages and disadvantages; ‘the professionals involved’ in identifying and managing family violence highlight the importance of a interdisciplinary approach. Key conclusions and implications for practicemidwives acknowledge their crucial role in identifying and managing domestic violence but are still unprepared to do so and indicate various barriers that need to be overcome. There is a need to implement basic university education on the subject and provide specific professional training.

Bullying entre pares na escola: desafio aos enfermeiros que atuam na atenção básica à saúde

Bullying entre pares na escola: desafio aos enfermeiros que atuam na atenção básica à saúde

Peacemaking in Burundi: Conflict Resolution versus Conflict Management Strategies

ABSTRACT. Peacemakers are faced with a difficult decision when engaging in negotiations to end conflict: should they adopt a conflict resolution strategy that seeks to address the fundamental drivers of conflict (root causes) or pursue a more limited strategy of conflict termination that seeks to respond to the symptoms of violence? This article investigates this question through a case study of the Burundian civil war of the 1990s. It analyzes externally facilitated peace negotiations in order to explore the types of issues that were brought into the process, to ask when and why certain issues were or were not considered, and to investigate the effects of the choices made in negotiating strategies. The lessons of the Burundi case suggest that fundamental issues must be addressed if a conflict is to be fully resolved rather than just managed. Delaying the resolution of root causes until after peacemakers have exited the situation can enable powerful groups to avoid addressing the issues. After the peacemaking and negotiations process ends, there is less international attention and pressure, so the ability to perpetuate the status quo is enhanced. The difficulty is that the issues that fomented conflict in the first place may prove too sensitive to be introduced into negotiations when the conflict is either ongoing or very recent.

Terorisme: Antara Kolonialisme dan Fundamentalisme

Terrorism which is also known as violence and repressiveness up until today is still being an actual issue around the world. Even though, the symptoms of violence, discourtesy, cruelty, and inhumanity cases are actually as old as the history of men. Why does terrorism then emerges, and then are there any approaches available at least to decrease this disease, will be examined in this paper. After any studies had been conducted, terrorism becomes disease of society nowadays, at first it appears because of greedy that develops to colonialism, second appear from Islam fundamentalism, which basically is the counter of, colonialism impact. There is one offer to decrease this terrorism with supreme dialogue culture for all people, which can be creating the new fair international order. However, there are some foundations of respecting plurality or multiculturalism of human rights which have to be obeyed in order to have a dialogue.

The Internist's Role in Addressing Violence

Approximately 25,000 people die in the United States each year as the result of intentional homicide, and many millions more suffer the physical and emotional consequences of nonfatal interpersonal violence. Violence affects everybody's quality of life. The cost to the health care system is in the billions of dollars annually. Over the past 2 decades epidemiologic studies have defined risk factors for violence, and a number of physicians and medical groups have made recommendations for preventive action. As the largest physician group in the United States, internists have a clear role to play in carrying out the medical responsibility to help prevent violence. Internists should be aware of the signs and symptoms of violence in patients and be prepared to assist victims. To facilitate action against violence, a model for intervention is proposed that involves screening, counseling, and treatment for patients at greatest risk.

Carbamazepine in Treatment of the Violent Psychotic Patient

Violence in th e psychiatric setting may be perpet rated by patients with a var ie ty of diagnoses including characte r d isorders, episodic dyscontrol syndromes, and drug or a lco hol intoxication . The vio lent behavio r of ag gressive psychotic patients is typicall y the most bi zarre , unpred ictable , and th e least responsive to intervention with neuroleptics or lithium carbonate. Carbamazepine , an estab lished anticonvulsant , has ac h ieved growing prominence as an adj unc t ive measure in treatment of th e vio lent psych o tic . This paper will review th e literature and summar ize th e posited p ha r maco logica l mech anisms, reported sid e effects, and clinical experience wit h carbamazepine in controll ing th e symptoms of vio lence and aggression in psychosis . An ticonvul san ts were first used in the treatment of aggressive psych o tic patients in 1943 (1). Carbamazepine , introduced in 1963 as an anticonvulsant particularly effec tive in temporal lobe epilepsy, has been reported to be useful in treating aggressio n associated wit h psych osis in patients with bipolar affective di sorder, schizoaffec tive di sorder , and sch izophrenia with and without EEG ab no r malit ies . T he first successfu l open clin ical tria ls in patients with bipolar d isorde r were co nd ucted in Japan in the early 197 0 's. Two groups o f in vestigators demonstrat ed anti-man ic and sligh t anti-depressive effects in 75% (2) and 55%, respectively, of th eir patients with bipolar affective disorder, and prophylactic effects in both manic (7 1%) and depressive (64 %) episodes (3 ,4), although some patients recei ved combinat ions of carbamazepine and lith ium and/or other drugs. A ser ies of double-blind controlled trials foll owed these stu d ies . Okuma et a l. compared chlorpromazin e and car ba mazepine and reported equivalent anti-manic effects (5) . Ballenger and Post cond uc ted double-bl ind , placebocontrolled trials of carbamazepine in nine manic patients, seven of whom had partial to marked therapeutic responses (6); a n additio nal pati ent who had been unresponsive to lithium and other anticonvulsants a lso improved on carbamazepine (7). Subsequent published case s and open stud ies reported the efficacy of ca rbamazepine combined with lithium carbonate (815), par ticul arl y in pati ents in whom lithium was less effect ive or who exper ie nced a contin uo us circular or a rapidly cycling course . Post et al. also provid ed case reports wh ich suggest th at car bamazep ine ma y have prophylacti c e ffec ts (16). Okuma et a l. conducted a