Symptoms Of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Research Articles

Correlation Between Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Bruxism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background The common conditions bruxism and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) have a major impact on dental health and quality of life. Even though both disorders have been thoroughly examined, there is still discussion and research surrounding their association. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship, possible risk factors, and therapeutic consequences of the interaction between bruxism and TMD. Methods To summarize the available data on the relationship between bruxism and TMD, a thorough literature review was carried out. Furthermore, information was gathered to look at the connection between TMD symptoms and self-reported bruxism. We searched several databases for the relevant literature. These included; PubMed, Cochrane Google Scholar, etc. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria a group of researchers collaborated to “include” and “exclude” the studies and a total of n=11 studies were considered for final review and analyses. Results The primary endpoint of the current analysis was to evaluate the correlation between temporomandibular joint disorders and bruxism. 10/11 (91%) of the studies advocated for a significant correlation; whereas, only 1/11 (9%) favored that there is a negative association between the two. The overall Odds ratio value was =5.66, CI=95% (4.63-6.91). The overall heterogeneity was found to be Tau2=0.05; Chi2=26.00; df=8; I2=69%. The overall effect size was found to be, Z=16.97 (p<0.00001) which was significant. Conclusion In conclusion, our research shows an important association between temporomandibular joint abnormalities and bruxism, emphasizing the significance of identifying and treating these diseases in clinical settings. When patients report similar symptoms, healthcare practitioners should think about screening for both bruxism and TMD. Multidisciplinary approaches may also be helpful for a thorough examination and course of therapy. To further inform preventive and treatment measures, more study is required to clarify the underlying processes and causal links between bruxism and TMD. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1008-1019

Correlations of temporomandibular joint morphology and position using cone-beam computed tomography and dynamic functional analysis in orthodontic patients: A cross-sectional study.

To correlate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology and position with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA), and Jaw Tracker (JT) to develop a radiation-free, dynamic method for screening and monitoring the TMJ in orthodontic patients. A total of 236 orthodontic patients without symptoms of TMJ disorders who had undergone CBCT were selected for the JVA and JT tests in this cross-sectional study. TMJ position and morphology were measured using a three-dimensional analysis software. JT measurements involved six opening-closing cycles, and JVA measurements were performed using a metronome to guide the mouth opening-closing movements of the patients. The correlations among the three measuring devices were evaluated. Abnormalities in condylar surface morphology affected the mandibular range of motion. The cut-off value results show that when various measurement groups are within a certain range, abnormalities may be observed in morphology (area under the curve, 0.81; P < 0.001). A 300/< 300 Hz ratio ≥ 0.09 suggested abnormal morphology (P < 0.05). Correlations were observed among the maximum opening velocity, maximum vertical opening position, and joint spaces in the JT measurements. Correlations were also observed between the > 300/< 300 Hz ratio, median frequency, total integral, integral < 300 Hz, and peak frequency with joint spaces in the JVA measurements. JT and JVA may serve as rapid, non-invasive, and radiation-free dynamic diagnostic tools for monitoring and screening TMJ abnormalities before and during orthodontic treatment.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: A Tool to the Therapeutic Approaches for Patients With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders.

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is characterized by symptoms such as clenching, clicking, and locking of the jaw, often due to improper positioning affecting occlusion. Nearly half of TMD patients rarely require treatment, as symptoms typically diminish on their own within a year.Nevertheless, a significant majority of persons who are diagnosed with TMD do necessitate therapy, and it may take up to three years for complete remission to occur. This study aims to determine the extent to which a healthy nutritional model, specifically the Mediterranean diet, can enhance the effectiveness of existing therapeutic treatments, like physiotherapy with warm pads. An interventional study design was implemented. Baseline scores were obtained pre- and post-intervention, while Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated once at the beginning. A dependent samples t-test and a one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to test the experimental hypotheses. There is a statistically significant difference (p=0.04) between the three groups associated with Mediterranean diet adherence, as indicated by the mean differences on the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-20) questionnaire. Participants following a medium or high level of Mediterranean diet (≥18) reported fewer problems with jaw functionality both before and after the intervention compared to those with low (<18) adherence to the diet. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet appears to have a therapeutic effect on patients with TMD, offering a new dimension to their treatment. The primary benefit is the low cost of treatment, as the diet is easily accessible. This dietary approach could significantly enhance the management of TMD symptoms.

Genetic change investigation in DOCK1 gene in an Iranian family with sign and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD).

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a complex condition with pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint and related muscles. Scientific evidence indicates both genetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in TMD. In this study, we aimed to discover the genetic changes in individuals from 4 generations of an Iranian family with signs and symptoms of TMD and malocclusion Class III. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed in 4 patients (IV-8, IV-9, V-4, and V-6) with TMD according to (DC/TMD), along with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Then, PCR sequencing was performed on 23 family members to confirm the WES. In the present study, WES results analysis detected 6 heterozygous non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) in 5 genes, including CRLF3, DNAH17, DOCK1, SEPT9, and VWDE. A heterozygous variant, c.2012T > A (p.F671Y), in Exon 20 of the DOCK1 (NM_001290223.2) gene was identified. Then, this variant was investigated in 19 other members of the same family. PCR-Sequencing results showed that 7/19 had heterozygous TA genotype, all of whom were accompanied by malocclusion and TMD symptoms and 12/19 individuals had homozygous TT genotype, 9 of whom had no temporomandibular joint problems or malocclusion. The remaining 3 showed mild TMD clinical symptoms. The 5 other non-synonymous SNVs of CRLF3, DNAH17, SEPT9, and VWDE were not considered plausible candidates for TMD. The present study identified a heterozygous nonsynonymous c.2012T > A (p.F671Y) variant of the DOCK1 gene is significantly associated with skeletal class III malocclusion, TMD, and its severity in affected individuals in the Iranian pedigree. The role of genetic factors in the development of TMD has been described. The present study identified a nonsynonymous variant of the DOCK1 gene as a candidate for TMD and skeletal class III malocclusion in affected individuals in the Iranian pedigree.

Effects of Mask Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sign and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: A Survey Study.

To evaluate possible temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms that may occur due to mask use in dentists during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic period and identify potentially effective factors. An online questionnaire consisting of three parts was sent to dentists and clinical dental students. The first part included questions regarding sociodemographic information. In the second part, questions were asked to evaluate stress levels, TMD symptoms, and treatment of TMD, if any, before (T0) and during the pandemic (T1). In the last part, professional mask choice, mask-related parafunctional movements, and breathing patterns while wearing a mask were evaluated. TMD symptoms and stress levels were significantly higher at T1. An increase in mouth breathing and mask-related parafunctional movements was reported during the use of N95 masks compared with daily life in dentists whose professional mask selection was an N95 respirator. The change in temporomandibular joints pain and muscle pain at rest between T0 and T1 was higher in those whose professional mask choice was N95 respirators than in those who chose to wear one surgical mask. The increase in mouth breathing and mask-related parafunctional movements during the use of N95 respirators may increase TMD.

Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Temporomandibular Symptoms Associated with Sleep Bruxism: A Systematic Review.

Sleep bruxism, characterized by involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep, poses significant challenges in management due to its potential to induce temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and other related symptoms. The use of Botulinum toxin Type A (BoNT-A), also known as Botox®, has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BoNT-A in the management of sleep bruxism, focusing on pain reduction, improvement in jaw function, reduction in bruxism episodes, and the incidence of adverse effects. An exhaustive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to January 2024, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Nine randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving 137 participants were analyzed for efficacy and safety outcomes. The studies demonstrated a significant reduction in mean pain scores (from 7.1 to 0.2 at 6 months and 1 year post-treatment in one study) and a notable decrease in the number of bruxism events (from 4.97/h to 1.70/h in the BoNT-A group in another study). Additionally, improvements were observed in jaw stiffness and total sleep time. Adverse effects varied but were generally mild and transient, including injection site pain in 20% of participants in one study and cosmetic changes in smile in 15.4% of patients in another. These findings suggest that BoNT-A injections may provide some benefits for treating nocturnal bruxism, potentially reducing TMD symptoms like pain and improving jaw function. However, these findings are preliminary due to variability in study designs and the absence of detailed statistical analysis.

Epidemiology of Bruxism and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD) in Iranian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: The prevalence of bruxism in the literature has been reported differently. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of bruxism in patients aged 25–40 who were referred to Kerman Dental School. Methods: This analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 320 patients referred to the Department of Oral Medicine of Kerman Dentistry Faculty in the age range of 25 to 40 years old. The prevalence of bruxism as well as TMJ disorders were evaluated. Data were collected in a questionnaire and entered into SPSS version 24. Analyzing was done by a chi-square test at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The prevalence of bruxism was 23.8%, with superiority in women. Although clenching was observed in 95.5% of the patients, 84.4% showed premature contacts on teeth, most of them related to the non-working side, and 82.9% presented premature contacts on restorations, especially on the non-working side. Regarding TMD symptoms, pain was the most common (83.4%), and clicking and crepitus were seen in 42% and 6% of the patients, respectively. Also, in 63.7% of the subjects with bruxism, jaw deviation was observed, and 18.7% showed restricted jaw movement. Conclusion: The prevalence of bruxism in the studied population is in the range of similar studies. Regarding TMD, troublesome symptoms such as pain, jaw deviation, and limited mouth opening were the only ones significantly related to bruxism.

Effectiveness of Occlusal Splint Therapy in Moderating Temporomandibular Joint Disorders With Joint Displacement: A Retrospective Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Background Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) represent a prevalent group of conditions impacting the temporomandibular joint. Among the therapeutic interventions, occlusal splint therapy has gained recognition for its potential to address TMD symptoms, particularly in cases involving joint displacement. Objective This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy in cases of moderate TMD with joint displacement, focusing on changes in condylar position, joint morphology, and patient-reported outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 148 participants who underwent occlusal splint therapy between January 2018 and December 2020. Data were collected through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging for precise assessments of condylar position and joint morphology. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants provided informed consent. Baseline characteristics, medical history, and TMD severity were recorded. Occlusal splint therapy included individualized fabrication, occlusal analysis, adjustments for optimal fit, and prescribed wear schedules. Follow-up included CBCT scans at specified intervals (three months and six months), with participant-reported outcomes collected. The data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Paired t-tests or nonparametric equivalents were employed to assess changes in condylar position and joint morphology. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential factors influencing treatment outcomes. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all statistical tests. Results The entire cohort (n = 148) had a mean age of 32.5 years (± 8.1), with a balanced gender distribution. Changes in condylar position revealed a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.03), with a mean decrease of 0.2 mm posttreatment. Joint morphology changes indicated increased joint space width (p = 0.01), improved disc position (p = 0.02), and nonsignificant alterations in bony structures (p = 0.10). Patient-reported outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in pain levels, jaw functionality, and satisfaction (all p < 0.001). Age and gender subgroup analyses showed consistent improvements in condylar position, joint morphology, and patient-reported outcomes across different groups. Conclusion Occlusal splint therapy demonstrated effectiveness in improving condylar position, joint morphology, and patient-reported outcomes in cases of moderate TMD with joint displacement. The findings underscore the potential of occlusal splint therapy as a viable intervention for managing TMD, providing valuable insights for clinicians and researchers.

Does Liquid/Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Help in the Arthrocentesis Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Compared to Other Infusion Options? A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are prevalent musculoskeletal conditions involving pain and dysfunction of jaw mobility and function, which have proven difficult to treat satisfactorily. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a liquid platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) infusion during arthrocentesis versus other options using coadjuvant materials to reduce TMD symptoms. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov for RCTs published before January 2024, comparing i-PRF to any other TMD treatment. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023495364). The searches generated several recent RCTs that compared i-PRF injection combined with arthrocentesis (AC) to AC-only or AC with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The outcomes analyzed included measures of pain (visual analog scale, VAS), maximum mouth opening, joint sounds, and MRI-verified changes in joint structure. Across the RCTs, the addition of i-PRF injection to AC resulted in significant improvements in pain relief, joint function, mouth opening, and structural changes compared to AC-only or with PRP over follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 12 months. Current clinical evidence favors using i-PRF as an adjunct to AC rather than AC-only or AC with PRP for the treatment of TMDs. The improvements in subjective and objective outcome measures are clinically meaningful. Still, additional high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are required to strengthen the evidence base and better define the role of i-PRF in TMD management guidelines.

The epidemiological profile of temporomandibular joint disorders in the Tunisian population: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the prevalence, signs, and symptoms of different types of TMD (Temporomandibular joint disorders) disorders in Tunisian patients. MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the clinical records of patients from the Department of Functional Exploration, Pain, and Orofacial Dysfunction of the Dental Clinic of Monastir. ResultsTMD is associated with a female predominance, with a peak prevalence among those aged between 20 and 40 years. Pain and a limited range of motion were significantly more prevalent in women (p = 0.019 and p = 0.012, respectively). Clicking sounds were the most frequent joint noises (38.2 %). Crepitus was more prevalent among older adults (33 %). Of the different types of TMD, disk displacement with reduction was the most prevalent (n = 216, 39 %). Sleep bruxism was more prevalent than awake bruxism (20.7 % VS 9.5 %). Due to the heterogeneous TMD signs and symptoms, patients tend to seek medical attention from various specialties (e.g. neurology and otolaryngology). ConclusionThe prevalence of different types of TMD, and the different signs and symptoms varied depending on sociodemographic characteristics, such as sex, age and lifestyle. Diagnosis is challenging and TMD may be confused with other orofacial pain conditions.

Applications of hydrogels in tissue-engineered repairing of temporomandibular joint diseases.

Epidemiological studies reveal that symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) occur in 60-70% of adults. The inflammatory damage caused by TMDs can easily lead to defects in the articular disc, condylar cartilage, subchondral bone and muscle of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and cause pain. Despite the availability of various methods for treating TMDs, few existing treatment schemes can achieve permanent recovery. This necessity drives the search for new approaches. Hydrogels, polymers with high water content, have found widespread use in tissue engineering and regeneration due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, which resemble those of human tissues. In the context of TMD therapy, numerous experiments have demonstrated that hydrogels show favorable effects in aspects such as articular disc repair, cartilage regeneration, muscle repair, pain relief, and drug delivery. This review aims to summarize the application of hydrogels in the therapy of TMDs based on recent research findings. It also highlights deficiencies in current hydrogel research related to TMD therapy and outlines the broad potential of hydrogel applications in treating TMJ diseases in the future.

Orthodontic treatment of an open bite after splint therapy for a patient with idiopathic condylar resorption

In the treatment of orthodontic patients with idiopathic condylar resorption, symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders and constantly changing occlusions caused by an instability of mandibular position make it difficult for orthodontists to confirm definitive orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plans. Therefore, these patients' temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures need to be stabilized with splint therapy before active tooth movement to identify and maintain the true mandibular position. For some idiopathic condylar resorption patients, orthognathic surgery can cause further resorption on the vulnerable condyles of the mandible; thus, effective orthodontic camouflage treatment after joint stabilization should be considered. During the orthodontic camouflage treatment, adverse loads on the TMJ structures, which could change the position of condyles, should be avoided, and TMJ-friendly mechanics must be applied.

Investigating the Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Case-Control Study.

This study aims to explore the connection between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) through a case-control investigation. OSA is a sleep-related breathing disorder that affects breathing during sleep, whereas TMD involves pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint. Understanding any potential association between these two conditions could contribute to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A total of 50 participants were included in both the OSA group and the control group. Participants with diagnosed OSA constituted the OSA group, whereas individuals without OSA formed the control group. TMD symptoms were assessed using standardized diagnostic criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the prevalence of TMD symptoms between the two groups. In the OSA group, 36 out of 50 participants exhibited TMD symptoms, whereas in the control group, 18 out of 50 participants displayed such symptoms. The calculated P value was found to be 0.023, indicating a statistically significant association between OSA and TMD. The findings of this study suggest a notable association between OSA and TMD. Individuals with OSA are more likely to experience TMD symptoms compared to those without OSA. This underscores the importance of considering TMD symptoms in individuals with OSA and vice versa for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management.

Prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders and associated factors among Iranian dental student

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders include a number of clinical signs and symptoms that involve the muscles, temporomandibular joint, and teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in dental students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 1400-1401. Method: In this study, 193 dental students were selected from the population under study by available sampling method. First, the necessary information was collected through interviews and completing the checklist. Male and female students were randomly selected and were subjected to a complete examination in terms of the health of the temporomandibular joint. After data entry in SPSS software version 19, the data was described with the help of frequency and percentage and chi-score test. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: 193 students participated in this study, of which 98 were male and 95 were female. There were 30 first-year students, 30 second-year students, 39 third-year students, 32 fourth-year students, 26 fifth-year students, and 36 sixth-year students. The average age of the students was 24.5 years. Occlusion of class 1, class 2 and class 3 was seen in 156 people (80.8%), 29 people (15%) and 8 people (4.1%), respectively. A history of trauma to the jaw was reported in 14 people (7.3%). 17 people (8.8%) mentioned headache. Bruxism was observed in 13 people. The results of chi square test showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between related variables to TMJ disorder and gender. Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder among dental students, further studies are recommended to investigate other related factors.

Investigating the effect of obsessive-compulsive disorder on clinical symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of clinical conditions involving muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and related structures or both. TMD is characterized by facial pain in TMJ and muscles of mastication, limitation or deviation of jaw movement, and TMJ sounds during jaw movement and function. The highest risk of TMD prevalence is between 18 and 24 years, and a relationship is between chronic TMD and psychological disorders such as stress and depression. The knowledge of the function of this joint and those with TMD symptoms when visiting the dentist will help to provide an ideal treatment plan for the patient. Therefore, if the therapist is familiar with the various etiological factors of this disorder, he will provide better treatment, especially if the simultaneous effect of psychological factors such as stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) along with occlusal factors such as posterior cross-bite, overjet, and overbite is measured, it can be a valuable guide for clinicians. In this study, 385 patients were examined by DASS42 and Maudsley's test and classified into normal, with stress, and stress plus OCD groups. TMJ was examined for each of them by the TMD-RDC test. The presence or absence of TMD was noted in their file. The prevalence of TMD was 20.7% in the normal group, 30.70% in the stress group, and 44.68% in the stress and OCD group. After analyzing the data by SPSS 24 and performing analysis of variance and Duncan tests, no significant difference was found between the probability of TMD in normal and stressed groups, but the stress and OCD group has a higher chance of TMD. Although the co-occurrence of stress and OCD is associated with the prevalence of TMD, it cannot be considered a cause of TMD.

Correlation between mental well-being and severity of class II temporomandibular joint disorders, compared to non-temporomandibular joint disorders

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are one of the most common ailments encountered in the craniofacial region, with various clinical, radiological and psychological manifestations but often go undiagnosed due to lack of a diagnostic protocol to assess and correlate all these factors in order to create an effective management plan based on early diagnosis. The objectives of this research are to assess, compare and co-relate the severity of clinical and radiological findings with mental well-being in class II (vertical growth pattern) TMD cases as compared to class I non-TMD cases. Grading of skeletal class II cases on the severity of TMD will be done using Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD). Bilateral sagittal as well as coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images will be obtained. Evaluation and grading of mental well-being and anxiety will be done using the Warwick-Edinburgh and Hamilton scales, respectively. The expected results are a probable positive correlation between the severity of clinical and radiological symptoms of TMDs and deteriorating mental well-being in the form of stress, anxiety and depression. A cause-effect relationship may be evaluated with the aim of early diagnosis and management of TMDs as improving the quality of life of these cases. This study will aid in identifying the clinical symptoms and articular disc position on MRI as they correlate with the mental well-being status and anxiety levels in TMD cases. Further management and early intervention can be undertaken in such cases to prevent or stall the progression of TMD into severe forms while improving the quality of life (QoL) in such cases.

DIFFERENCES IN THE PREVALENCE OF SYMPTOMS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS IN FACULTY OF DENTISTRY UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI STUDENTS

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a common problem with various clinical signs and symptoms of the structures of the masticatory system, including the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint, often found in the age group of 20-40 years. People with TMD symptoms can show at least one symptom of the disorder. The prevalence of TMD was reported among dental students. This study aims to determine differences in the majority of symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder in students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Jenderal Achmad Yani University class of 2020 in 2021 and 2023. This research is an analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with 54 research subjects from the Faculty of Medicine class 2020. This study found that in 2021, there were 88.8% of students, while in 2023, 87% of students suffered from symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder with a score p=0.739. No significant difference in the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms in 2021 and 2023.

Balancing the bite: A comprehensive guide to temporomandibular joint disorder

This comprehensive article delves into temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), covering their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. The article highlights the TMJ's role in crucial functions like chewing and speech, underlining its anatomy with bony components, ligaments, muscles, and synovial cavity. TMD's disruptive impact on TMJ equilibrium, stemming from stress-induced habits, trauma, malocclusion, and joint conditions, is extensively discussed. The article unveils the diverse spectrum of TMD symptoms, including jaw pain, chewing difficulties, clicking sounds, headaches, earaches, and jaw locking. Diagnosis involves a detailed assessment, and treatments encompass lifestyle adjustments, orthodontics, medications, therapy, oral appliances, and surgeries. Emphasis is placed on prevention and regular dental check-ups. In conclusion, the article empowers readers to grasp TMD comprehensively, enabling informed decisions and effective management for a life free from TMD-related discomfort.

Comparative analysis of craniofacial asymmetry in subjects with and without symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of the study was to quantify and compare craniofacial asymmetry in subjects with and without symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). A total of 126 adult subjects were categorized into two groups (63 with a TMDs and 63 without a TMDs), based on detection of symptoms using the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder-Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) questionnaire. Posteroanterior cephalograms of each subject were traced manually and 17 linear and angular measurements were analyzed. Craniofacial asymmetry was quantified by calculating the asymmetry index (AI) of bilateral parameters for both groups. Intra- and intergroup comparisons were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively, with a P<0.05 considered statistically significant. An AI for each linear and angular bilateral parameter was calculated; higher asymmetry was found in TMD-positive patients compared with TMD-negative patients. An intergroup comparison of AIs found highly significant differences for the parameters of antegonial notch to horizontal plane distance, jugular point to horizontal plane distance, antegonial notch to menton distance, antegonial notch to vertical plane distance, condylion to vertical plane distance, and angle formed by vertical plane, O point and antegonial notch. Significant deviation of the menton distance from the facial midline was also evident. Greater facial asymmetry was seen in the TMD-positive group compared with the TMD-negative group. The mandibular region was characterized by asymmetries of greater magnitude compared with the maxilla. Patients with facial asymmetry often require management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology to achieve a stable, functional, and esthetic result. Ignoring the TMJ during treatment or failing to provide proper management of the TMJ and performing only orthognathic surgery may result in worsening of TMJ-associated symptoms (jaw dysfunction and pain) and re-occurrence of asymmetry and malocclusion. Assessments of facial asymmetry should take into account TMJ disorders to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

Relationship of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Psychological Distress in Young Adults

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) relate to dysfunctions that impact the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and connected structures. Psychological well-being can be among the various factors that TMD affects. Prior studies conducted in different countries have demonstrated a correlation between TMD symptoms and psychological distress in young adults. However, research on this topic is limited in Indonesia. Objective: To assess the association of symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder and psychological stress in young adults. Materials and Methods: This research employed an analytical cross-sectional design and involved 354 participants (141 males and 213 females) aged 19-21 from Kampus A of Universitas Trisakti. The subjects' general characteristics, including gender, age, and ethnicity, were described. The data were gathered through two types of questionnaires: DC/TMD axis I (Symptom Questionnaire) and axis II (Patient Health Questionaire-PHQ-4), and were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test administered through Google Form. Result: The study's findings revealed that 141 participants (39.8%) were male, while 213 (60.2%) were female. Among the research subjects, 91 individuals - 32 males and 59 females - experienced the most discomfort in the pain category, with the mean PHQ-4 score for pain being the highest at 4.68. The bivariate analysis demonstrated a moderate correlation coefficient value (r = 0.401) and a significant relationship (p 0.05) between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the pain category and psychological distress. The prevalence of TMD was 39.8% in males and 60.2% in females. Conclusions: TMD is a common problem among young adults aged 19-21 years, and pain associated with TMD can lead to psychological distress in this age group.