Symptoms Of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Research Articles

Different Eco-Friendly Spectrophotometric Approaches Including Direct and Manipulations of Zero and Ratio Spectra for Simultaneous Determination of Novel Nasal Spray Combination Used in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.

The presentation of rhinitis has drawn increasing attention in recent years due to the possibility of overlap or confusion between allergic rhinitis symptoms and those of COVID-19. Azelastine hydrochloride (AZH) and mometasone furoate (MOF) are two of the most efficient combinations for enhancing the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This work concerns applying and validating different accurate and simple spectrophotometric approaches for simultaneous quantification of the binary mixture of AZH and MOF in raw material, laboratory-prepared mixtures, and pharmaceutical preparation. Moreover, assessment of the environmental impact of the applied approaches on the environment was also a key goal of this study. AZH was determined using the direct spectrophotometric (D0) method, while four reliable spectrophotometric approaches namely, induced dual wavelength (IDW), ratio subtraction (RS), ratio difference (RD), and ratio derivative (1DD) were used for MOF determination. The methods were validated in line with the International Conference of Harmonization standards. In the AZH range of (5-56 µg/mL) and MOF range of (2-20 µg/mL), the linearity of the proposed approaches was investigated with high accuracy findings. There were no significant differences between the obtained results and those of the reported method when compared statistically. Furthermore, the applied spectrophotometric methods were deemed to be eco-friendly according to Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) assessment metrics. The applied spectrophotometric methods are simpler, more eco-friendly, and take a shorter time to precisely estimate many measurements compared to the only reported chromatographic analysis. Neither publications of novel spectrophotometric methods nor reported green ones have been available for simultaneous determination of the binary mixture of AZH and MOF, so this work has a great significance and novelty in the area of pharmaceutical analysis.

Pollen food allergy syndrome secondary to molds and raw mushroom cross-reactivity: a case report

BackgroundPollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction that causes oropharyngeal pruritus or angioedema due to homologous proteins present in the culprit food as well as a sensitizing aeroallergen. This cross-reactivity has been well established between pollen and fruits/vegetables. Given the evolutionary similarity between all fungi; cross-reactivity between spore forming microfungi and edible macrofungi have been suggested, however only a limited number of case reports have ever been published on this phenomenon. We present a case of a patient who experiences pollen food allergy syndrome-like symptoms following lightly cooked mushroom ingestion who otherwise was able to tolerate cooked mushrooms. We then review the literature to highlight the limited studies of an underrecognized PFAS cross-reactivity between molds and mushrooms.Case presentationA 15-year-old male presents with symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis was found to have multiple environmental sensitizations to molds via skin prick testing (C.gramineum, A.Pullulans and B.cinerea) and ImmunoCAP serum-specific IgE (A.alternata, C. herbarum, and P. notatum). He developed throat pruritus and subjective throat tightness following ingestion of mushroom containing pizza. ImmunoCAP serum specific IgE to whole mushroom was negative but fresh food prick testing to fresh portobello mushroom and cremini mushroom were both positive with a negative test to canned mushroom. The patient then underwent a graded oral challenge and successfully tolerated canned mushrooms.ConclusionThis case highlights the potential cross-reactivity between microfungi aeroallergens and edible fungi, leading to PFAS-like reactions in susceptible individuals. The patient’s ability to tolerate canned mushrooms suggests a possible heat-labile protein as the cause of the reaction, similar to PFAS patients tolerating cooked but not raw fruits/vegetables. Positive skin prick test to both spore-forming fungi and edible fungi with negative and whole mushroom IgE results further support the hypothesis of cross-reactivity and sensitization. Further research is needed to identify the specific allergenic proteins involved in these cross-reactions and the susceptible species of mold and mushroom. Understanding these components will contribute to improved diagnosis and management of mold and mushroom allergies, and enhance our knowledge of allergenic cross-reactivity in general.

Probiotic treatment (Enterococcus faecalis) improves symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Probiotic treatment (Enterococcus faecalis) improves symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Olopatadine/Mometasone (Ryaltris) for Allergic Rhinitis

The FDA has approved Ryaltris (Hikma), a fixed-dose combination nasal spray containing the H1-antihistamine olopatadine hydrochloride (Patanase, and generics) and the corticosteroid mometasone furoate (Nasonex 24 HR Allergy, and generics), for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms in persons ≥12 years old.

Role of Montelukast on Vitamin D Levels in Asthma and Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis in Eastern India

Background: Allergic rhinitis and asthma are both chronic heterogeneous disorders, with an overlappingepidemiology of prevalence, health care and social costs in quality of life. Both are inflammatory disorders with asimilar pathophysiology and vitamin D has a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease.Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of serum vitamin D in patients withsymptomatic allergic rhinitis and active asthma during the allergy season and observe the effect of montelukast10 mg daily as treatment.Materials and methods: This study included 130 asthmatic and seasonal allergic rhinitis patients following asingle-blind, placebo run-in period of 3 days–5 days, patients were randomized to oral montelukast 10 mg (n = 68)or placebo (n = 62) daily during the 2-week, double-blind, active-treatment period. The serum vitamin D was alsoevaluated in both the groups.Results: The serum vitamin D levels were found to be higher in patients taking monteleukast compared to placeboafter 2 weeks (p< 0.001). Montelukast reduced the Total Nasal symptoms score which includes Daytime nasalsymptoms and Nighttime symptoms compared to placebo after 2 weeks (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Montelukastprovides significant relief from symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, while also conferring a benefit for asthma,in patients with both allergic rhinitis and asthma. Further, it has a beneficial role in improving vitamin D levels.

Regional differences in the prevalence of oral allergy syndrome among Japanese children: A questionnaire-based survey.

Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is characterized by an immediate allergic reaction that mainly or partially affects the oral mucosa, pharynx, or lips, and it is usually caused by ingesting fresh fruits or vegetables. Most patients with OAS also have allergic rhinitis due to pollen. As allergic rhinitis is increasingly prevalent in the Japanese population and the age at disease development is decreasing, morbidity associated with OAS among the younger population is likely to increase. However, there is little information about the prevalence of this disease among Japanese children, specifically the influences of residency in regions with different environments. To investigate the prevalence of OAS and seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) among Japanese children and evaluate the relationship between OAS and SAR. We administered a questionnaire-based survey among children aged 7-15 years, living in 4 cities in central Japan. The questionnaires were administered to 4103 children and completed by 3365 (82.0%). Overall, 524 children (15.6%) reported OAS-like symptoms after ingesting fruits or vegetables. The prevalence of seasonal SAR and oral symptoms significantly differed among the 4 cities. The total prevalence of oral symptoms co-occurring with SAR was 24.4%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence of symptoms occurring without SAR (10.2%, p < 0.001). Herein, oral symptoms were more likely to occur in patients with SAR than in those without SAR. The prevalence of SAR and food-induced oral symptoms significantly differed among the regions, suggesting they might be affected by regional differences in lifestyles and flora.

Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride

Levocetirizine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, is prescribed to treat uncomplicated skin rashes associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria as well as the symptoms of both seasonal and continual allergic rhinitis. In this monograph, the practicality of using Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) based methodologies as a substitute for pharmacokinetic studies in human volunteers to appraise the bioequivalence of immediate-release (IR) oral, solid dosage forms containing levocetirizine dihydrochloride was investigated, using data from the literature and in-house testing.Levocetirizine's solubility and permeability properties, as well as its dissolution from commercial products, its therapeutic uses, therapeutic index, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic traits, were reviewed in accordance with the BCS, along with any reports in the literature about failure to meet bioequivalence (BE) requirements, bioavailability issues, drug-excipient interactions as well as other relevant information. The data presented in this monograph unequivocally point to classification of levocetirizine in BCS Class 1. For products that are somewhat supra-equivalent or somewhat sub-equivalent, clinical risks are expected to be insignificant in light of levocetirizine's wide therapeutic index and unlikelihood of severe adverse effects. After careful consideration of all the information available, it was concluded that the BCS-based biowaiver can be implemented for products which contain levocetirizine dihydrochloride, provided (a) the test product comprises excipients that are typically found in IR oral, solid drug products that have been approved by a country belonging to or associated with ICH and are used in quantities that are typical for such products, (b) data supporting the BCS-based biowaiver are gathered using ICH-recommended methods, and (c) all in vitro dissolution requirements specified in the ICH guidance are met by both the test and comparator products (in this case, the comparator is the innovator product).

Homeopathy for seasonal allergic rhinitis: rationale, design and methods of the three-armed randomized controlled HOMEOSAR trial

BackgroundPatients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) frequently use homeopathic therapy. Although there is some evidence that homeopathy may be effective in treating symptoms of SAR, there is a lack of high-quality clinical trials. Therefore, the aim of the homeopathy for SAR (HOMEOSAR) trial is to determine the efficacy of individualized or standardized homeopathic drug treatment compared to placebo regarding rhinitis-related quality of life in patients with SAR.MethodsThis randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-armed intervention study will be conducted at two university hospital outpatient clinics for complementary and integrative medicine in Berlin and in 12 office-based practices specializing in homeopathic treatment in Germany. A total of 270 patients with clinical symptoms of SAR and positive allergy test to birch and grass pollen will receive homeopathic anamnesis and subsequently be randomized into (a) standardized homeopathic drug treatment with Galphimia Glauca (potency D6), (b) individualized homeopathic drug treatment (D6), or (c) placebo. All three groups can receive on-demand rescue medication as needed. Treatment will consist of two consultations and daily intake of the study medication for 4 weeks during the pollen season. The primary outcome is the mean overall score of the Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) in weeks 3 and 4, analyzed using analysis of covariance (adjusted for baseline RQLQ overall score and study center). A closed testing procedure will be used to control the overall type I error comparing the 3 treatment groups. Secondary outcomes include the overall RQLQ and its seven domain scores, responder status (decrease in RQLQ overall score of at least 0.5 points compared to the baseline value), use of rescue medication, intensity of total and individual SAR symptoms based on visual analog scale, generic health-related quality of life, safety, utilization of health care resources and associated costs. In addition, a qualitative data analysis is planned.ConclusionThe results of our study will contribute to clarifying the possible therapeutic effects of homeopathic drug treatment for patients with SAR.Trial registrationThis study has been registered in the German Clinical Trial Registry with trial ID DRKS00018081 on June 09, 2020.

ONSET OF ACTION OF AZELASTINE HCL NASAL SPRAY 0.15% EVALUATED IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CHAMBER

<h3>Introduction</h3> Azelastine nasal spray is an effective treatment in managing seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The objective of this single center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the time to onset of efficacy of azelastine HCl 0.15% in the relief of nasal symptoms of SAR in an environmental exposure chamber (EEC). <h3>Methods</h3> 110 participants aged 18 to 65 years were randomized to receive azelastine HCl 0.15% or placebo nasal spray after being continuously exposed to ragweed pollen in an EEC. The primary efficacy parameter was the time to onset of efficacy of azelastine as measured by the change from baseline in total nasal symptom score (TNSS) versus placebo. <h3>Results</h3> Azelastine HCl 0.15% demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in TNSS compared with placebo starting from 30 minutes post-dose (p=0.0002), and the effect was sustainable at all time points throughout the end of the EEC session at 240 minutes post dose (p= <0.0001). Adverse events observed was consistent with known safety profile. No serious adverse events or other significant AEs were reported. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first study assessing the onset of action of azelastine HCl 0.15% in an EEC, demonstrating a fast onset in 30 minutes. Azelastine HCl 0.15% nasal spray was well tolerated and there were no safety concerns raised during this SAR study. The rapid onset of action for the relief of allergy symptoms combined with a safe side effect profile indicate azelastine HCl 0.15% is a valuable treatment option for allergic rhinitis.

Intranasal Olopatadine-Mometasone in the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.

To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of intranasal olopatadine hydrochloride-mometasone furoate (OM) combination in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: mometasone + olopatadine, GSP301, mometasone furoate, and olopatadine hydrochloride. Articles published in English between January 1987 and August 2022 related to pharmacology, safety, and clinical trials were assessed. In 2 phase II clinical trials, twice-daily (BID) and once-daily (QDay) intranasal OM demonstrated significant improvements in reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) (BID P < 0.001 and QDay P < 0.001) and instantaneous total nasal symptom score (iTNSS) (BID P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001; QDay P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001). In 2 phase III clinical trials, BID OM showed significant improvements in rTNSS vs. placebo (P < 0.001), olopatadine monotherapy (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003), and mometasone monotherapy (P = 0.02 and P = 0.059). OM is indicated for treatment of SAR symptoms. Caution with use must be considered for certain high-risk patients, existing tuberculosis; fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections; or ocular herpes simplex. Due to its quick and sustained onset of action, OM may be an ideal agent for initial treatment of moderate-severe SAR for patients 12 years and older. OM significantly improves SAR symptoms and is a viable treatment option in short-term SAR.

Efficacy and safety of GSP301 nasal spray in children aged 6 to 11 years with seasonal allergic rhinitis

BackgroundGSP301 nasal spray is a fixed-dose combination of the antihistamine olopatadine hydrochloride and the corticosteroid mometasone furoate. ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of GSP301 in pediatric patients (aged ≥6 to <12 years) with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). MethodsThis double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study randomized 446 eligible patients 1:1 (GSP301 [olopatadine hydrochloride 665 μg and mometasone furoate 25 μg] or placebo) as 1 spray/each nostril twice daily for 14 days. The primary end point was change from baseline in average morning and evening subject-reported 12-hour reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS) over a 14-day treatment period analyzed using mixed-effect model repeated measures. Additional assessments included instantaneous Total Nasal Symptom Score, Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, reflective Total Ocular Symptoms Score, instantaneous Total Ocular Symptoms Score, individual symptoms, Physician-assessed Nasal Symptom Score, and adverse events. ResultsGSP301 showed clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in rTNSS vs placebo (−0.6; 95% confidence interval, −0.9 to −0.2; P = .001). Statistically significant improvements favoring GSP301 were shown for all individual rTNSS symptoms, instantaneous Total Nasal Symptom Score, and most of its individual symptoms, Physician-assessed Nasal Symptom Score (P = .01), and Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (P < .001). For ocular symptoms, numerical improvements favoring GSP301 were observed, with statistical significance achieved only for reflective “tearing/watering eyes” (P = .04). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 12.0% and 10.4% of patients in the GSP301 and placebo groups, respectively. One subject (0.5%) (placebo group) experienced a serious adverse event (suspected viral meningitis) that was not related to the study treatment and was resolved. ConclusionGSP301 was well tolerated and efficacious for treating SAR symptoms in pediatric patients and showed a favorable safety profile.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03463031.

MONTELUKAST AND LEVOCETERIZINE FIXED DOSE COMBINATION-AN EVIDENCE REVIEW

Indian pharma market is flooded with various fixed drug combinations. Among them, one of the widely used FDC is montelukast + levocetirizine. This is prescribed for the patients of any age group (paediatrics, adults and geriatric) and used as a long term therapy for the treatment of conditions such as prophylaxis, acute and chronic types of asthma, relief of symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, prevention of exercise induced bronchoconstriction and chronic idiopathic urticaria. It is very essential to check the rational use of this FDC. Generally fixed dose combinations create confusions among physicians, because it contains more than one drug in various doses and it is very difficult to remember all these details and another issue with the FDCs are that the entire FDC cannot be used if the patient is contraindicated to any of the drug in the FDC. And patient specific dose calculation is also difficult with FDCs. There are very less clinical trial data available about the safety and efficacy of this agent. Objective of this review article is to check the rational use of montelukast levocetirizine FDC. To achieve the objective, all the literatures related to montelukast levocetirizine FDC were collected and analysed. The study concluded that some differences are there in the pharmacokinetic parameters of both these agents includes duration of action. In dosing also, levocetirizine dose can vary from 2.5mg to 10mg once daily whereas montelukast dosing is 10mg. Rationality of this FDC can be further supported by more clinical trial data to conform the rationality of these FDC.

5-grass-pollen SLIT effectiveness in seasonal allergic rhinitis: Impact of sensitization to subtropical grass pollen.

BackgroundTemperate grass (eg, ryegrass) pollen is a major driver of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and asthma risks, including thunderstorm asthma. Data for the effectiveness of temperate grass pollen allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in SAR patients from the southern hemisphere, who are frequently polysensitized to subtropical grass pollens, are limited. The 300 IR 5-grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy tablet (300 IR 5-grass SLIT) is known to be effective in polysensitized SAR patients with primary allergy to temperate grasses, however, the influence of polysensitization to subtropical grass pollen on treatment responses has yet to be specifically addressed. Key aims of this study were to measure patient treatment satisfaction during 300 IR 5-grass SLIT treatment and evaluate how polysensitization to subtropical grass pollens affects treatment responses.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in 63 patients (aged ≥5 years) in several temperate regions of Australia prescribed 300 IR 5-grass SLIT for SAR over 3 consecutive grass pollen seasons. Ambient levels of pollen were measured at representative sites. Patient treatment satisfaction was assessed using a QUARTIS questionnaire. Rhinoconjunctivitis Total Symptom Score (RTSS) and a Hodges-Lehmann Estimator analysis was performed to evaluate if polysensitization to subtropical grass pollen affected SAR symptom intensity changes during SLIT.ResultsA diagnosis of ryegrass pollen allergy was nearly universal. There were 74.6% (47/63) polysensitized to subtropical and temperate grass pollens. There were 23.8% (15/63) monosensitized to temperate grass pollens. From the first pollen season, statistically significant improvements occurred in SAR symptoms compared with baseline in both monosensitized and polysensitized patients, particularly in those polysensitized (P = 0.0297). Improvements in SAR symptoms were sustained and similar in both groups in the second and third pollen seasons, reaching 70–85% improvement (P < 0.01). Polysensitized patients from both northerly and southerly temperate regions in Australia showed similar improvements. Grass pollen counts in both regions were consistently highest during springtime.Conclusions300 IR 5-grass SLIT is effective in a real-life setting in SAR patients in the southern hemisphere with primary allergy to temperate grass pollen and predominantly springtime grass pollen exposures. Importantly, SLIT treatment effectiveness was irrespective of the patient's polysensitization status to subtropical grass pollens.

Amaranthaceae is an Underestimated Summer Allergen with Sensitization Often Underappreciated

Amaranthaceae pollen causes seasonal allergies in summer, blossoming coincident with the flowering of other weeds of allergenic importance including ragweed and mugwort. Amaranthaceae contribution to seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms can be underestimated. This study assesses sensitization to amaranth family plants using molecular allergodiagnostics.

RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Quantification of Fexofenadine in Pharmaceutical Products

Fexofenadine belongs to the antihistamine family of drugs. It is used to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms. In this study, a rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of fexofenadine was optimized and validated. Agilent Extend C18 column was used to perform the separation. The optimum chromatographic separation was achieved by the mobile phase consist of acetonitrile and 20 mM KH2PO4 solution (pH 7.5) in 35:65 ratios respectively. The flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 with a standard retention time of 3.5 min at a wavelength 220 nm was optimized. The developed method has been validated in terms of their linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection and quantification, and robustness as per I.C.H. guidelines. The developed method has shown excellent linearity, precision, and recovery. There were no spectral or chromatographic interferences from non-medicinal ingredients found. Within a concentration range of 10–60 g mL-1, the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. Low relative standard deviation values were obtained in the results of intra-day and inter-day precision tests. The method's accuracy ranged from 99.45 to 100.52 %. The present analytical method can be used to quantify fexofenadine in pharmaceutical preparations.

New Progress in Pharmacodynamics and Application of Lupatadine

Lupatadine has dual antagonistic effect, which can play an obvious antagonistic effect on histamine H1 receptor and platelet activating factor receptor. It is a new type of anti allergic drug, which can effectively inhibit inflammation in all stages of allergic reaction. This drug has the characteristics of rapid onset and long-lasting effect. It is recommended to take orally once a day in clinical application. Clinical studies have shown that oral low-dose of lupatadine can effectively relieve the symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. With the deepening of relevant research in recent years, it has been found that lupatadine has good therapeutic effect on skin diseases such as chronic urticaria, and patients have better tolerance to this drug. In this paper, through the relevant literature review, summarize and analyze the new progress of pharmacodynamics and application of lupatadine, mainly from the drug effect and clinical application.

Acupressure in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled exploratory trial

BackgroundAcupuncture has shown beneficial effects for seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR); however, it is time and cost intensive. We investigated feasibility and effects of self-administered body acupressure as a self-care technique that stimulates acupuncture points with manual pressure in SAR patients.MethodsWe conducted a two-armed randomized controlled exploratory trial to compare effects of self-administered acupressure over 4 weeks at five acupuncture points plus rescue medication (RM) with cetirizine compared to RM alone in SAR patients. Among other outcome parameters, we assessed disease-related quality of life (Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire [RQLQ]), overall SAR symptoms by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a rescue medication score (RMS) after 4 and 8 weeks.ResultsForty-one SAR patients (mean age 38.5 ± 10.0 years, n = 21, 51.2% women) were randomized. Compared to RM alone (n = 21), acupressure plus RM (n = 20) was associated with relevant improvements after 4 weeks, shown by the difference between groups in adjusted means of RQLQ: − 0.9 points (95% CI − 1.6 to − 0.2; p = 0.011) and VAS overall SAR symptoms: − 21.6 mm (95% CI − 36.3 to − 6.8; p = 0.005). The RMS was lower in the acupressure group than in the control group: 1.9 points (95% CI − 3.8 to − 0.1; p = 0.120). Group differences decreased slightly until week 8. The acupressure was feasible and safe.ConclusionResults of this exploratory study indicate that self-applied acupressure is feasible, may improve disease-specific quality of life and reduce disease-related symptoms as well as anti-allergic medication intake in SAR patients. High-quality confirmatory studies including a sham-control group are needed in the future.Trial registration DRKS-ID: DRKS00014310. Date of registration in DRKS: 2018/04/24. Investigator sponsored/initiated trial (IST/IIT): yes. Ethics approval/approval of the ethics committee: Approved (leading) Ethics Committee No. EA1/033/18, Ethik-Kommission der Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin. URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00014310

Heterogeneous validity of daily data on symptoms ofseasonal allergic rhinitis recorded by patients using thee-diary AllergyMonitor®.

BackgroundPatient‐generated symptom and medication scores are essential for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Previous studies have shown solid consistencies between different scores at population level in real‐life data and trials. For clinicians, the evaluation of individual data quality over time is essential to decide whether to rely on these data in clinical decision‐making.ObjectiveTo analyze the consistency of different symptom (SS) and symptom medication scores (SMSs) at individual level in two study cohorts with different characteristics and explore individual patient trajectories over time.MethodsWithin the pilot phase of the @IT.2020 project on diagnostic synergy of mobile health and molecular IgE assessment in patients with SAR, we analyzed data of 101 children and 93 adults with SAR and instructed them to record their symptoms and medication intake daily via the mobile app AllergyMonitor®. We then assessed the correlation between different SMS and a visual analogue scale (VAS) on the impact of allergy symptoms on daily life at population and individual level.ResultsAt population level, the Rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS) correlated better with VAS than the combined symptom and medication score (CSMS). At individual level, consistency among RTSS and VAS was highly heterogeneous and unrelated to disease severity or adherence to recording. Similar heterogeneity was observed for CSMS and VAS.ConclusionsThe correlation of clinical information provided by different disease severity scores based on data collected via electronic diaries (e‐diaries), is sufficient at population level, but broadly heterogeneous for individual patients. Consistency of the recorded data must be examined for each patient before remotely collected information is used for clinical decision making.

Face masks during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and self-reported seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms.

Face masks during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and self-reported seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms.

Modern H1- antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: focus on bilastine

The second generation of H1-antihistamines is approved for the stepwise treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children by international and national guidelines. They reduce the severity of nasal and ocular symptoms of rhinitis and improve the quality of life of patients.&#x0D; Bilastine, a piperidine derivative, is a novel H1-antihistamine. It has a potent and selective effect on H1- receptors and a rapid onset and long duration of action and substantially reduces nasal and ocular symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Bilastine has no clinically substantial hepatic metabolism and has a high safety profile: it has no sedative effect, does not affect cognitive functions, has no cardiotoxic effects, and does not interact with alcohol and benzodiazepines in normal and high doses. Tachyphylaxis does not develop despite long-term (up to 1 year) use.&#x0D; Bilastine is registered for clinical use in adults and children aged 12 years. The results of clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that bilastine has many of the features of modern H1-antihistamines recommended by international guidelines.