Symptoms Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Research Articles

Active Case Finding among Adults using an Individual's Vulnerability Score for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Rural Village of Goa: A Cross-sectional Study.

"Detect-Treat-Prevent-Build" to achieve tuberculosis (TB)-free India is envisaged in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP). To be able to achieve this, it is important to address the fact that the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups need to undertake screening. The present review aimed to examine the vulnerability in connection with TB disparities faced by distinct sub-populations generally viewed as vulnerable and follow these for testing. The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of sub-center Carambolim in a rural area of Goa for 3 months. The households were visited, and data collected via personal interviews were recorded on the questionnaire study tool. Based on the data, the participants' vulnerability mapping was done per the parameters identified. Among 223 households, 528 persons were screened for vulnerability. The 47 highly vulnerable participants were advised sputum CBNAAT, of which 9 (19%) tested positive for pulmonary TB, while of the 86 moderately vulnerable participants, 4 (5%) tested positive for pulmonary TB. Among the 34 with symptoms suggestive of TB, 3 (9%) tested positive for pulmonary TB. The study detected 16 new TB patients from the population and found a higher incidence of pulmonary TB among the vulnerable group with no symptoms of Pulmonary TB. A further state-wide survey is recommended to diagnose such cases.

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra versus mycobacterial growth indicator tube liquid culture for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in symptomatic adults: a diagnostic accuracy study

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) is an automated molecular test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. We compared the sensitivity of Ultra to that of mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid culture, considered the most sensitive assay in routine clinical use. In this prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study, we used a non-inferiority design to assess whether the sensitivity of a single Ultra test was non-inferior to that of a single liquid culture for detection of Mtuberculosis in sputum. We enrolled adults (age ≥18 years) with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms in 11 countries and each adult provided three sputum specimens with a minimum volume of 2 mL over 2 days. Ultra was done directly on sputum 1, and Ultra and MGIT liquid culture were done on resuspended pellet from sputum 2. Results of MGIT and solid media cultures done on sputum 3 were considered the reference standard. The pre-defined non-inferiority margin was 5·0%. Between Feb 18, 2016, and Dec 4, 2019, we enrolled 2906 participants. 2600 (89%) participants were analysed, including 639 (25%) of 2600 who were positive for tuberculosis by the reference standard. Of the 2357 included in the non-inferiority analysis, 877 (37%) were HIV-positive and 984 (42%) were female. Sensitivity of Ultra performed directly on sputum 1 was non-inferior to that of sputum 2 MGIT culture (MGIT 91·1% vs Ultra 91·9%; difference -0·8 percentage points; 95% CI -2·8 to 1·1). Sensitivity of Ultra performed on sputum 2 pellet was also non-inferior to that of sputum 2 MGIT (MGIT 91·1% vs Ultra 91·9%; difference -0·8 percentage points; -2·7 to 1·0). For the detection of M tuberculosis in sputum from adults with respiratory symptoms, there was no difference in sensitivity of a single Ultra test to that of a single MGIT culture. Highly sensitive, rapid molecular approaches for M tuberculosis detection, combined with advances in genotypic methods for drug resistance detection, have potential to replace culture. US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Clinical manifestations and prognosis of tuberculous spondylitis in an adolescent with disseminated tuberculosis: a case report

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. Around 10-20% of adolescents with TB infection progress to pulmonary TB, and less than 0.5% develop miliary or central nervous system TB. TB spondylitis occurs in only 5.6% of extrapulmonary TB patients. The clinical manifestations of disseminated and TB spondylitis are heterogeneous and insidious, with several potential risk- and prognostic factors. We report the case of a 16-year-old male admitted with abdominal distension, paraplegia, and urinary retention. He was diagnosed with disseminated TB with TB spondylitis. This case was unique because the patient had no classic symptoms of pulmonary TB. This report focuses on the diagnosis, comprehensive management, and prognosis of TB spondylitis, as well as the risk factors for disseminated TB. The management consisted of antituberculous agents and surgery. The prognosis is influenced by the patient’s age, severity of kyphosis deformity, number of vertebrae involved, lesion site, and patient’s health status, including nutritional status.

Analysis of the awareness rate and correlates of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in elderly in Chinese

Objective: To understand the awareness and influencing factors of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly population in China. Methods: The study included all participants aged ≥60 from the "13th Five-Year" National Tuberculosis Control Plan end-term assessment in 2020, with 13 706 valid questionnaires obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly. Results: The total awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly aged ≥60 was 78.4%, with the highest for "suspicious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis" (85.4%) and the lowest for "whether pulmonary tuberculosis can be cured" (65.3%). The complete awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly was 41.3%, and the proportion of those who received tuberculosis health education is 67.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that factors associated with low awareness of core information included females (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.86-1.00), ages 70- (OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.98) and ≥80 (OR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.68-0.87) and minority ethnicity (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.99). Factors associated with high awareness of core information included educational levels of junior high school (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.34-1.58), high school (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.45-1.81), junior college (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.68), and an undergraduate degree or higher (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.09-2.11), and receiving tuberculosis health education (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.97-2.27). Conclusions: In 2020, the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in Chinese older adults aged ≥60 was lower than the national planning target. Therefore, there should be an increased focus on health education about tuberculosis for elderly females, those aged ≥70, ethnic minorities, and those with lower education levels.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria hybridisation profiles in the GenoType MTBDRplus assay: experience from a diagnostic routine of a high-throughput laboratory.

Introduction. Disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emergent problem. Because NTM pulmonary disease and tuberculosis (TB) have similar clinical presentations, many cases of NTM may be misdiagnosed as TB before laboratory identification of the NTM species.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Clinical laboratories should always perform differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and NTM to guide patients' correct treatment.Aim. To describe the characteristics and to identify mycobacterial isolates presumptively classified as MTBC by macroscopic characteristics in culture media that tested negative in GenoType MTBDRplus.Methodology. All cultures from February 2019 to December 2021 showing MTBC macroscopic characteristics were processed by GenoType MTBDRplus. MTBC-negative cultures underwent species identification by immunochromatography, line probe assays and PRA-hsp65. Patients' data were obtained from Brazilian surveillance systems.Results. Only 479 (3.1%) of 15 696 isolates presumptively identified as MTBC were not confirmed by GenoType MTBDRplus and were then subjected to identification. A total of 344 isolates were shown to be NTM, of which 309 (64.5%) and 35 (7.3%) were identified to the species and genus levels, respectively. Of the 204 NTM isolates with MTBC characteristics, the most frequent species were M. fortuitum (n=52, 25.5%), M. abscessus complex (MABC; n=27, 13.2%) and M. avium complex (MAC; n=26, 12.7%). Regarding the GenoType MTBDRplus results from NTM isolates, there were diverse hybridisation profiles with rpoB gene's different wild-type (WT) probes. Seventy-six (16.1%) of the 473 patients were classified as having NTM disease, the most frequent being MAC (n=15, 19.7%), MABC (n=13, 17.1%), M. kansasii (n=10, 13.2%) and M. fortuitum (n=6, 7.9%).Conclusion. Because the signs and symptoms of pulmonary TB are similar to those of pulmonary mycobacteriosis and treatment regimens for TB and NTM are different, identifying the disease-causing species is paramount to indicate the correct management. Thus, in the laboratory routine, when an isolate presumptively classified as MTBC is MTBC-negative, it is still essential to perform subsequent identification.

Molecular epidemiology and drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in homeless individuals in the Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia

Although homeless segment of the society could be the hotspots for tuberculosis (TB) transmission, there is little data on TB in homeless individuals in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) isolated from homeless individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was conducted on 59 M. tuberculosis isolates, which were recovered by the clinical screening of 5600 homeless individuals and bacteriological examination of 641 individuals with symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Region of difference-9 (RD9) based polymerase-chain reaction (PCR), Spoligotyping and 24-loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing were used for genotyping of the isolates. In addition, drug sensitivity test was performed on the isolates using BD Bactec Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition Tube (MGIT) 960. Fifty-eight of the 59 isolates were positive by spoligotyping and spoligotyping International type (SIT) 53, SIT 37, and SIT 149 were the dominant spoligotypes; each consisting of 19%, 15.5%, and10.3% of the isolates, respectively. The majority of the isolates (89.7%) were members of the Euro-American (EA) major lineage. MIRU-VNTR identified Ethiopia_3, Delhi/CAS, Ethiopia_2, TUR, X-type, Ethiopia_H37Rv-like strain, Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM) sub lineages. The proportion of clustering was 77.6% (45/58) in spoligotyping while it was 39.7% (23/58) in 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing. Furthermore, the proportion of clustering was significantly lowered to 10.3% (6/58) when a combination of spoligotyping and 24-loci MIRU-VNTRplus was used. The recent transmission index (RTI) recorded by spoligotyping, 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing, and a combination of the two genotyping methods were 58.6%, 27.6% and 5.2%, respectively. Young age and living in groups were significantly associated with strain clustering (P < 0.05). The drug sensitivity test (DST) result showed 8.9% (4/58) of the isolates were resistant to one or more first line ant-TB drugs; but multidrug resistant isolate was not detected. Clustering and RTI could suggest the transmission of TB in the homeless individuals, which could suggest a similar pattern of transmission between homeless individuals and the general population. Hence, the TB control program should consider homeless individuals during the implementation of TB control program.

Prevalence of anaemia among symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Weija Gbawe Municipal Hospital in Accra, Ghana

In Ghana, TB remains a substantial healthcare challenge, with an incidence rate of 136 cases per 100,000 people. Anaemia is prevalent among TB patients, impacting their health and recovery. Anaemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, and compromised immunity, all critical concerns for TB patients. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anaemia among pulmonary TB patients at Weija Gbawe Municipal Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Among the participants, 22.6% were found to have pulmonary TB, with the majority not showing resistance to rifampicin (95.5%), a primary treatment drug. Females had a higher prevalence of TB (53.3%), possibly due to hormonal and social factors. Participants over 66 years had a high prevalence, likely due to weakened immune systems associated with aging. Anaemia was prevalent among participants, especially females, and it was more common among TB patients (68.8%) compared to non-TB patients. Normocytic anaemia was the most common type among TB patients, followed by microcytic anaemia, suggesting potential iron metabolism issues. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of anemia among TB patients and the distribution of different types of anaemia in this population. Understanding these factors can aid in better management and treatment of TB patients.

Factors Influencing Adherence to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment among Adult Patients at St Francis’ Hospital-Katete, Zambia

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a contagious bacterial infection of the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, also known as tubercle bacilli. The symptoms of PTB can appear gradually and vary in severity. Malnutrition, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDs), age (young and old), diabetes mellitus, substance abuse, low socioeconomic status, malignancies, and or overcrowding are some of the common risk factors for PTB. According to the Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS, 2021), Zambia’s prevalence rate of PTB stood at 455 cases per 100,000 population. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended Direct Observation of Treatment (DOT) by a trained supervisor (WHO, 2019). However, implementing DOT in Zambia is challenging for both the patient and healthcare provider as it has been observed that a daily visit to a health facility for the first two months by PTB patients was very difficult for a range of reasons which included severe illness at the initiation of treatment, distance too far for walking, and high transportation costs. Objective: The study aimed at determining Factors Influencing Adherence to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment among Adult PTB Patients at St Francis’ Hospital-Katete, Zambia. Methods and materials: Data was collected using a questionnaire and the study sample was one hundred (100) Adult PTB patients, who were selected by simple random sampling method. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant association between ‘level of information and knowledge, individual motivational support, behavioural skill’ and ‘Adult PTB patients’ adherence to PTB treatment’. Level of Information and knowledge (p-value 0.001), Individual .........

Prevalence and incidence of symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis based on repeated population screening in a district in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

ObjectiveIn Ethiopia, one-third of the estimated tuberculosis cases are not detected or reported. Incidence estimates are inaccurate and rarely measured directly. Assessing the ‘real’ incidence under programme conditions is useful...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: A Forgotten Disease?

Even today, tuberculosis in childhood is a disease that is often undiagnosed and undertreated. In the absence of therapy with antituberculosis drugs, children in the first years of life have a high degree of severe forms and mortality. In these children, symptoms are often not very specific and can easily be confused with other diseases of bacterial, viral or fungal etiology, making diagnosis more difficult. Nevertheless, the introduction of new diagnostic techniques has allowed a more rapid identification of the infection. Indeed, Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is preferred to the Mantoux, albeit with obvious limitations in children aged <2 years. While the Xpert Mtb/RIF Ultra test is recommended as an initial diagnostic investigation of the gastric aspirate and/or stools in children with signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. The drugs used in the treatment of susceptible and resistant TB are the same as those used in adults but doses and combinations are different in the pediatric age. In children, brief therapy is preferable in both the latent infection and the active disease, as a significant reduction in side effects is obtained.

Use of standardised patients to assess tuberculosis case management by private pharmacies in Patna, India: A repeat cross-sectional study.

As the first point of care for many healthcare seekers, private pharmacies play an important role in tuberculosis (TB) care. However, previous studies in India have showed that private pharmacies commonly dispense symptomatic treatments and broad-spectrum antibiotics over-the-counter (OTC), rather than referring patients for TB testing. Such inappropriate management by pharmacies can delaye TB diagnosis. We assessed medical advice and OTC drug dispensing practices of pharmacists for standardized patients presenting with classic symptoms of pulmonary TB (case 1) and for those with sputum smear positive pulmonary TB (case 2), and examined how practices have changed over time in an urban Indian site. We examined how and whether private pharmacies improved practices for TB in 2019 compared to a baseline study conducted in 2015 in the city of Patna, using the same survey sampling techniques and study staff. The proportion of patient-pharmacist interactions that resulted in correct or ideal management, as well as the proportion of interactions resulting in antibiotic, quinolone, and corticosteroid are presented, with standard errors clustered at the provider level. To assess the difference in case management and the use of drugs across the two cases by round, a difference in difference (DiD) model was employed. A total of 936 SP interactions were completed over both rounds of survey. Our results indicate that across both rounds of data collection, 331 of 936 (35%; 95% CI: 32-38%) of interactions were correctly managed. At baseline, 215 of 500 (43%; 95% CI: 39-47%) of interactions were correctly managed whereas 116 of 436 (27%; 95% CI: 23-31%) were correctly managed in the second round of data collection. Ideal management, where in addition to a referral, patients were not prescribed any potentially harmful medications, was seen in 275 of 936 (29%; 95% CI: 27-32%) of interactions overall, with 194 of 500 (39%; 95% CI: 35-43%) of interactions at baseline and 81 of 436 (19%; 95% CI: 15-22%) in round 2. No private pharmacy dispensed anti-TB medications without a prescription. On average, the difference in correct case management between case 1 vs. case 2 dropped by 20 percent points from baseline to the second round of data collection. Similarly, ideal case management decreased by 26 percentage points between rounds. This is in contrast with the dispensation of medicines, which had the opposite effect between rounds; the difference in dispensation of quinolones between case 1 and case 2 increased by 14 percentage points, as did corticosteroids by 9 percentage points, antibiotics by 25 percentage points and medicines generally by 30 percentage points. Our standardised patient study provides valuable insights into how private pharmacies in an Indian city changed their management of patients with TB symptoms or with confirmed TB over a 5-year period. We saw that overall, private pharmacy performance has weakened over time. However, no OTC dispensation of anti-TB medications occurred in either survey round. As the first point of contact for many care seekers, continued and sustained efforts to engage with Indian private pharmacies should be prioritized.

STUDI KASUS: HIPERTERMIA DENGAN KOMPRES HANGAT PADA PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS

One of the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis is hyperthermia which is the body response to infection process. Tuberculosis sufferers are usually subfebrile, resembling fluenza, but sometimes they can be infected by influenza with body temperature ranging between 38,0oC and 38,5oC. The effort made to overcome hyperthermia is by giving warm compresses to reduce fever. Method this is descriptive research using case study approach that focuses on hyperthermia with warm compresses in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Tk II Putri Hijau Hospital, Medan. Results after nursing interventions in patients 1 dan 2 with warm compresses on the forehead, axilla, tibia fibula, for 4 days, the patients body temperature decreases from 38oC to 37oC. Conclusion it is concluded that there is a nursing problem in patient 1 and patient 2, namely hyperthermia. Suggestions It is expected that the health workers improve their nursing skills in providing nursing care, especially in taking actions to reduce patients fever, so as to reduce is incidence.

Studi Kasus: Hipertermia dengan Kompres Hangat Pada Pasien Tuberculosis

One of the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis is hyperthermia which is the body response to infection process. Tuberculosis sufferers are usually subfebrile, resembling fluenza, but sometimes they can be infected by influenza with body temperature ranging between 38,0oC and 38,5oC. The effort made to overcome hyperthermia is by giving warm compresses to reduce fever. Method this is descriptive research using case study approach that focuses on hyperthermia with warm compresses in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Tk II Putri Hijau Hospital, Medan. Results after nursing interventions in patients 1 dan 2 with warm compresses on the forehead, axilla, tibia fibula, for 4 days, the patients body temperature decreases from 38oC to 37oC. Conclusion it is concluded that there is a nursing problem in patient 1 and patient 2, namely hyperthermia. Suggestions It is expected that the health workers improve their nursing skills in providing nursing care, especially in taking actions to reduce patients fever, so as to reduce is incidence.

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in homeless individuals in the Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia.

Homeless individuals are at a high risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) as compared to the general population. The number of homeless individuals has been increasing in Addis Ababa City during the last three decades due to the migration of rural inhabitants to the City for better living conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and evaluate associated risk factors in homeless individuals in Addis Ababa City. A total of 5,600 homeless individuals were screened for PTB symptoms using WHO guideline between February 2019 and December 2020. Sputum samples were cultured from individuals with symptoms of PTB for mycobacterial isolation. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with PTB. The prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed cases was 1.1% (59/5,600) or 10.54 per 1000 population. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that being homeless for more than 5 years, body mass index (BMI) < 18.5, smoking cigarette, living in a group of more than five individuals, close contact with chronic coughers, imprisonment and HIV infection were significantly associated with the prevalence of PTB in homeless individuals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the result of this study indicated that the prevalence of PTB in homeless individuals was higher than the prevalence of PTB in the general population of Addis Ababa City requiring for the inclusion of the homeless individuals in the TB control program.

A Study to Determine The Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Urban Slum Areas of Ram Nagar (North Belagavi) - An Observational Study

Background Tuberculosis is one of most prominent mycobacterium diseases. It kills more people than any other infectious disease in the world. The worldwide mortality rate of tuberculosis is around 2 million per year and nearly 0.5 million people die from it. Low socio-economic status is considered a significant risk factor for tuberculosis. Objectives To determine the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in urban slum areas of Ram Nagar North Belagavi.Methods This observational study included 70 families 325 subjects of both sexes and all age groups in urban slum areas of Ram Nagar Belagavi. Subjects were interrogated with a self-structured questionnaire related to symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis and categorized into three parameters i.e. positive cases suspected cases and cases already on tuberculosis medication. Results The study revealed that out of 325 interrogated subjects seven were suspected of tuberculosis. Out of seven suspected cases three were found to be tuberculosis-positive and out of the three positive cases one subject was already taking medication. Conclusion In this study 2ndash3 of people were suspected of tuberculosis. This shows the relation between low socio-economic status and tuberculosis as reported in slum areas of Ram Nagar Belagavi. Therefore preventive programs are necessary to tackle such rising tubercular infections.

Association between depression and malnutrition in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUNDDepression has been reported to be prevalent in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Moreover, several clinical symptoms of PTB and depression overlap, such as loss of appetite and malnutrition. However, the association between depression and malnutrition in TB patients has not been fully elucidated.AIMTo explore the association between depression and malnutrition in patients with PTB.METHODSThis hospital-based cross-sectional study included patients with PTB in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from April 2019 to July 2019. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale was used to evaluate depre-ssion. The cut-off value was set at 10, and the nutritional state was determined by the body mass index (BMI). In addition, the Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases was employed to establish the quality of life (QOL). Univariable analysis and multivariable analysis (forward mode) were implemented to identify the independent factors associated with depression.RESULTSA total of 328 PTB patients were screened for analysis. Eight were excluded for missing demographic data, four excluded for missing nutrition status, and sixteen for missing QOL data. Finally, 300 PTB patients were subjected to analysis. We found that depressive state was present in 225 PTB patients (75%). The ratio of malnutrition in the depressive PTB patients was 45.33%. Our results revealed significantly lower BMI, hemoglobin, and prealbumin in the depression group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the social status differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the groups. In addition, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in the depression group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.163-1.257, P < 0.001] and poor social function (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.926-0.974, P = 0.038) were independently associated with depression.CONCLUSIONMalnutrition and poor social function are significantly associated with depressive symptoms in PTB patients. A prospective large-scale study is needed to confirm these findings.

Effect of Baihe Gujin decoction combined with Shengmai powder on the expression of IL-1β and IL-1Ra in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of taking Baihe Gujin decoction combined with Shengmai powder on IL-1β and IL-1Ra expression in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. For this purpose, one hundred adult patients with primary pulmonary tuberculosis were selected for the study. The age of the enrolled cases ranged from 18 to 60 years old, with a controlled male to the female sex ratio of about 1:1. The Chinese medical evidence was considered to be a qi-yin deficiency type of pulmonary consumption. The patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, 50 cases each. In addition, 50 cases of healthy people were selected as a healthy control group, totaling 150 cases. In the experimental group, patients were given Baihe gujin decoction and Shengmai powder based on conventional western medicine, 1 dose for 1 day, 150mL/time for 2 times. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine. 2 mL of fasting elbow venous blood from the subjects was taken in the morning. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density centrifugation. Monocytes were obtained after incubation with 5 μL of CD14+ immune magnetic beads at 4°C. The relative expression of IL1β and IL1R genes were measured using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. Results showed that the relative expression of IL1β and IL1R genes was significantly lower in the experimental group after 3 months compared with the control group, and the statistical difference was highly significant (p<0.01). It was concluded that the administration of Baihe gujin decoction and Shengmai powder was closely related to the relative expression of IL1β and IL1R genes in patients' serum, indicating that Baihe gujin decoction and Shengmai powder have an important role in improving the clinical symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Identifikasi Jamur Pada Pasien Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

Pulmonary tuberculosis’s an inflammation of the lung parenchrose caused caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary mycosis’s a disease that’s often undiagnosed because the typical clinical symptom for this disease’re unknown. A person with pulmonary mycosis will show non-specific symptom of chronic cough which is often regarded as a symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. The study aims to identify Aspergillus sp in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in H. Adam Malik Central Public Hospital Medan. Tye type of research used’s descriptive research that will describe about Aspergillus sp in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in H. Adam Malik Central Public Hospital Medan. The population was all patients of Tuberculosis Lung at H. Adam Malik Central Public Hospital. The results of this study from 5 sampel show that sampel number 1 found a Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger, sampel number 4 found a Aspergillus flavus, sampels number 2,3 and 5 found a Candida albicans. Based on the results of the study can be conclude that the factors that cause the growth of fungus is from the provision of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in a long time that only suppress the bacteria from Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Symptoms of dullness and retraction of the eye in pulmonary tuberculosis

Old authors (Yanovskiy, Kornet) noted vivid, phosphoric, shiny eyes as a symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. Often these lively, glowing and even sometimes sparkling eyes are replaced by a special shade, as if a slight veil, with dullness of the sclera and cornea, with a simultaneous retraction of the eyeball (enophthalmus).

Acquired Bartter Like Syndrome in a Patient of Multi Drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Secondary to Kanamycin Nephrotoxicity – A Case Report

India has the highest estimated burden of tuberculosis infection (TBI) globally caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis , with nearly 35-40 crores Indian population having TBI, of which 26 lakhs people (18-36 lakh) are estimated to develop Tuberculosis (TB) disease annually. An integrated and comprehensive ‘cascade of care’ approach and new advances in National Tuberculosis Elimination Program provided us with definitive management of tuberculosis infection and an active tuberculosis disease. Aminoglycosides are one of the cornerstones of drug resistant tuberculosis. Although highly effective they are very notorious for their dose dependent and independent nephrotoxicity . Our experience denotes a rare diagnosis of acquired Bartter like syndrome, in a 60-year man with long standing symp-tomatic pulmonary tuberculosis who received Kanamycin for a period of 5 months and subsequently presented with life threatening elec-trolyte imbalance. Subsequent prognosis showed improvement with conservative treatment and he was discharged in stable condition. It also highlights the importance of adherence to the standard guidelines under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) and the importance of the routine monitoring of electrolytes in Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients receiving treatment that includes Kanamycin.