Symptoms In Psychotic Disorders Research Articles

Kesehatan Mental Dan Regulasi Diri Kebiasaan Makan Member Yoga Dan Gym

The productive period for men and women will face many challenges in life, starting from lifestyle, body image, career, quarter life crisis, education which can later lead to stress, anxiety disorders, depression, irregular eating patterns and not paying attention to the type of food consumed. The purpose of this study was to determine mental health and self-regulation of eating habits among yoga and gym members. The method used is descriptive quantitative and purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses the Self Reporting Questionnaire 29 questionnaire and the Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire. The results showed that the percentage of mental health in the yoga group in the category of anxiety and depression was 4%, symptoms of PTSD disorder were 4%. While the percentage of mental health results in the gym group with anxiety and depression categories was 23%, symptoms of psychotic disorders were 46%, and symptoms of PTSD disorders were 35%. Meanwhile, the percentage of results of self-regulation of eating habits in the yoga group was in the low category of 4%, medium 65% and high 31%. While the percentage of the results of self-regulation of eating habits in the gym group was in the low category of 8%, medium 58% and high 34%. The conclusion in this study is that the mental health of 20–30-year-old members of yoga is included in the good category and gym is included in the poor category. While the self-regulation of eating habits of yoga and gym members is mostly in the moderate category.

Spurious Autobiographical Memory of Psychosis: A Mechanistic Hypothesis for the Resolution, Persistence, and Recurrence of Positive Symptoms in Psychotic Disorders.

Psychotic disorders are complex disorders with multiple etiologies. While increased dopamine synthesis capacity has been proposed to underlie psychotic episodes, dopamine-independent processes are also involved (less responsive to dopamine receptor-blocking medications). The underlying mechanism(s) of the reduction in antipsychotic responsiveness over time, especially after repeated relapses, remain unclear. Despite the consistent evidence of dopamine overactivity and hippocampal volume loss in schizophrenia, few accounts have been provided based on the interactive effect of dopamine on hippocampal synapse plasticity mediating autobiographical memory processes. The present hypothesis builds upon previous works showing the potential effects of dopamine overactivity on hippocampal-mediated neuroplasticity underlying autobiographical memory, alongside known patterns of autobiographical memory dysfunction in psychosis. We propose that spurious autobiographical memory of psychosis (SAMP) produced during active psychosis may be a key mechanism mediating relapses and treatment non-responsiveness. In a hyperdopaminergic state, SAMP is expected to be generated at an increased rate during active psychosis. Similar to other memories, it will undergo assimilation, accommodation, and extinction processes. However, if SAMP fails to integrate with existing memory, a discontinuity in autobiographical memory may result. Inadequate exposure to normalizing experiences and hyposalience due to overmedication or negative symptoms may also impede the resolution of SAMP. Residual SAMP is hypothesized to increase the propensity for relapse and treatment non-responsiveness. Based on recent findings on the role of dopamine in facilitating hippocampal synapse plasticity and autobiographical memory formation, the SAMP hypothesis is consistent with clinical observations of DUP effects, including the repetition of contents in psychotic relapses as well as the emergence of treatment non-responsiveness after repeated relapses. Clinical implications of the hypothesis highlight the importance of minimizing active psychosis, integrating psychosis memory, avoiding over-medication, and fostering normalizing experiences.

Ecological momentary assessment of state fluctuations in mindfulness and symptoms in psychotic disorders

Mindfulness skills are a component of many modern cognitive-behavioral therapies that are used to treat a wide range of disorders, including psychotic disorders. While habitual (i.e., trait) mindfulness is associated with clinical outcomes, the effects of momentary (i.e., state) mindfulness are unclear. This is due in part to previous studies using cross-sectional designs relying on trait self-report questionnaires. Although such approaches are invaluable, they lack temporal specificity to evaluate momentary changes and effects of mindfulness. To address these limitations, the current study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to evaluate state levels of two mindfulness skills, acceptance and monitoring, and their association with state fluctuations in symptoms. Participants included individuals with affective and non-affective psychotic disorders (PD; n = 49) and healthy controls (CN; n = 53) who completed six days of EMA. Results indicated that the PD group endorsed lower state acceptance than CN; however, the groups did not significantly differ in monitoring. Further, greater state mindfulness skills in both acceptance and monitoring were associated with greater positive affect, reduced negative affect, and reduced negative symptoms. However, participants with a predominantly affective psychosis presentation showed differential effects compared to those with non-affective presentations. These findings suggest that mindfulness training for people with psychotic disorders may benefit from focusing on improving acceptance in order to improve emotional experience and build on existing monitoring skills. Further, mindfulness based psychosocial interventions may offer a novel means of treating negative symptoms in people with PD, which are currently stalled and largely unresponsive to other treatments.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in psychotic disorders: pathogenesis and treatment

Comorbid disorders often occur in psychoses from the schizophrenia spectrum and are an additional burden for patients' quality of life, render treatment and rehabilitation prognosis more difficult and can also contribute to suicidal ideation. Specifically, obsessive-compulsive syndrome (OCS) and OC disorder (OCD) have been reported. What is known about the epidemiology and pathogenesis and which conclusions can be drawn regarding the diagnostics and treatment? This review evaluated current reports on comorbid OCS during different stages of psychotic disorders, starting with the at-risk mental state (ARMS) via the first manifestation and up to chronic courses. The focus was on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic consequences. Patients with ARMS suffer much more often from OCS than the general population. The prevalence is even higher in patients with afirst manifestation of psychosis. During the chronic courses ca. 30% of patients are affected by comorbid OCS and 12% fulfill the diagnostic criteria of aOCD. The pathogenesis can most likely be explained by agenetic disposition in the glutamatergic system, shared structural and functional abnormalities of cortical and subcortical structures, pharmacological influences and psychosocial stressors. Clozapine and other antipsychotics may induce or aggravate OCS in adose-dependent manner. In order to alleviate symptoms clozapine should be reduced to aminimally sufficient level. This can be attempted through combination, for example with dopaminergic antipsychotics. In general, serotonergic antidepressants can be added. Cognitive behavioral therapy should be offered to every patient with comorbid OCS. For future research multimodal longitudinal studies investigating the efficacy of interventions and aimed at the subjective level will be important.

Machine Learning Identifies Digital Phenotyping Measures Most Relevant to Negative Symptoms in Psychotic Disorders: Implications for Clinical Trials.

Digital phenotyping has been proposed as a novel assessment tool for clinical trials targeting negative symptoms in psychotic disorders (PDs). However, it is unclear which digital phenotyping measurements are most appropriate for this purpose. Machine learning was used to address this gap in the literature and determine whether: (1) diagnostic status could be classified from digital phenotyping measures relevant to negative symptoms and (2) the 5 negative symptom domains (anhedonia, avolition, asociality, alogia, and blunted affect) were differentially classified by active and passive digital phenotyping variables. Participants included 52 outpatients with a PD and 55 healthy controls (CN) who completed 6 days of active (ecological momentary assessment surveys) and passive (geolocation, accelerometry) digital phenotyping data along with clinical ratings of negative symptoms. Machine learning algorithms classifying the presence of a PD diagnosis yielded 80% accuracy for cross-validation in H2O AutoML and 79% test accuracy in the Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross Validation feature selection model. Models classifying the presence vs absence of clinically significant elevations on each of the 5 negative symptom domains ranged in test accuracy from 73% to 91%. A few active and passive features were highly predictive of all 5 negative symptom domains; however, there were also unique predictors for each domain. These findings suggest that negative symptoms can be modeled from digital phenotyping data recorded in situ. Implications for selecting the most appropriate digital phenotyping variables for use as outcome measures in clinical trials targeting negative symptoms are discussed.

Mismatch negativity amplitude in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychotic disorders: Links with cognition and schizotypy

Mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude is reliably reduced in psychotic disorders. While several studies have examined this effect in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia, few have sought to quantify deficits in relatives of individuals with other psychotic disorders. While some conclude that, compared to healthy subjects, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia show reduced MMN, others contradict this finding. Furthermore, though MMN is often shown to be associated with cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms in psychotic disorders, to our knowledge no studies have sought to fully examine these relationships in studies of first-degree relatives. The present study sought to clarify the extent of MMN amplitude reductions in a large sample of siblings of individuals with diverse psychotic disorders (n = 67), compared to probands with psychosis (n = 221) and never psychotic comparison subjects (n = 251). We further examined associations of MMN amplitude with cognition and schizotypal symptoms across these groups. We found that MMN amplitude was intact in siblings compared to probands. MMN amplitude was associated with cognition and schizotypal symptoms dimensionally across levels of familial risk. The present results imply that MMN reductions do not reflect genetic risk for psychotic disorders per se, and instead emerge as a result of, or in conjunction with, clinical features associated with psychosis. Such findings carry important implications for the utility of MMN amplitude as an indicator of inherited risk, and suggest that this component may be best conceptualized as an endophenotype for clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments, rather than risk for psychosis per se.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL DISTANCING WITH MENTAL HEALTH OF INDONESIAN COMMUNITY DURING COVID-19

Background: The spread of the COVID-19 virus has spread widely throughout the world, which affects various aspects (Lebov et al., 2017). Several aspects affected by the transmission of the COVID-19 virus are psychological / mental health impacts caused by the implementation of policies from various countries in the form of a physical distancing system (Ornell, Schuch, Sordi, & Kessler, 2020).
 Objectives: Analyze the relationship between physical distancing and the mental health of Indonesian community during Covid-19.
 Methods: The cross-sectional study design. The sample of the study was the Indonesian people affected by the covid-19 pandemic who were taken based on purposive sampling with complete answer criteria as many as 1,090 respondents. The research instrument consisted of 2 questionnaires, including: a method questionnaire in physical distancing practices methods consisting of 11 items of physical distancing application to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus as recommended by World Health Organization. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-29 is a questionnaire issued by the Directorate of Mental Health Services of the Indonesian Ministry of Health with the domains of anxiety and depression, psychomatics, symptoms of psychotic disorders, trauma stress. Parametric statistical tests used the Pearson test (p-value < 0.05).
 Results: The results obtained a p-value of 0.03, which means that there is a physical distancing relationship with the mental health of the Indonesian people during Covid-19.
 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between physical distancing and the mental health of the Indonesian people. Recommendations for health workers, especially nurses in providing health services to the community, must be more comprehensive and recognize client responses to prevent psychological impacts.
 
 Keyword: Physical distancing; mental health; covid-19 pandemic.

P.518 Prodromal symptoms of psychotic disorder in non-help seeking population of Czech grammar and vocational schools. First phase of study

P.518 Prodromal symptoms of psychotic disorder in non-help seeking population of Czech grammar and vocational schools. First phase of study

A Comprehensive Review on Importance and Quantitation of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and their Active Metabolites in Commercial Dosage Forms

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects more than twenty-one million people throughout the world. Schizophrenia also causes early death. Schizophrenia and other related psychotic ailments are controlled by the prescription of antipsychotic drugs, which act by blocking certain chemical receptors in the brain and thus relieves the symptoms of psychotic disorder. These drugs are present in the different dosage forms in the market and provided in a certain amount as per the need of the patients. Objective: Since such medications treat mental disorders, it is very important to have a perfect and accurate dose so that the risk factor is not affected by a higher or lower dose, which is not sufficient for the treatment. For accurate assay of these kinds of drugs, different analytical methods were developed ranging from older spectrophotometric techniques to latest hyphenated methods. Results: The current review highlights the role of different analytical techniques that were employed in the determination and identification of antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites. Techniques such as spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry employed in the method development of such antipsychotic drugs were reported in the review. Different metabolites, identified using the hyphenated techniques, were also mentioned in the review. The synthesis pathways of few of the metabolites were mentioned. Conclusion: The review summarizes the analyses of different antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites. A brief introduction of illnesses and their symptoms and possible medications were highlighted. Synthesis pathways of the associated metabolites were also mentioned.

Contrasting metacognitive profiles and their association with negative symptoms in groups with schizophrenia, early psychosis and depression in a Russian sample.

Research has suggested that negative symptoms in psychotic disorders may be in part fueled by deficits in metacognition or the ability to form integrated ideas about oneself and others. One limitation of this work is that it has largely come from North America and Western Europe. To further the literature, we assessed symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Metacognition using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale - Abbreviated in a sample of outpatients with prolonged schizophrenia (n = 41), early episode psychosis (n = 37) and major depression (n = 30) gathered in Moscow, Russia. Verbal memory was assessed for use as a potential covariate. ANOVA revealed the two groups with psychosis had significantly poorer metacognitive function in terms of self-reflectivity and awareness of the other, than the group with depression. In both psychosis groups negative symptoms were more robustly related to metacognition than other forms of symptoms after controlling for neurocognition. Results support the possibility that metacognitive deficits are a psychological factor which cross culturally contributes to negative symptoms and point to metacognition as a potentially important target for intervention.

Perspective on medication decisions following remission from first-episode psychosis

While antipsychotics (APs) could provide rapid relief of positive symptoms in psychotic disorders, their usage is often associated with side effects, stigma and inconveniences. For these and other reasons, many psychosis patients, particularly those of first-episode psychosis (FEP) in remission, wish to discontinue maintenance treatment. The current review aims to discuss the strategies of AP treatment following remission from FEP, with particular emphasis on the evaluation of outcomes following AP discontinuation. Upon review of relevant literature, three potential strategies are put forth for treatment-responsive, remitted FEP patients: a) life-long maintenance treatment, b) AP discontinuation during second year of treatment, or c) AP discontinuation after three years of treatment. In theory, the first strategy presents the safest option for maximal symptom control. However, a rigorous RCT indicates that if AP discontinuation is to be attempted, the third strategy best prevents poor long-term clinical outcomes. Further data is needed to address the costs and benefits of each treatment strategy, compare AP-free patients with those on different types of APs, as well as explore even longer-term outcomes.

Sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment in psychotic disorders are related to both positive and negative symptoms

A large literature indicates that sleep disturbances are associated with paranoia and other positive symptoms in psychotic disorders. However, few studies have examined the potential association between sleep disturbances and negative symptoms and the results have been inconsistent. The current study examined the hypothesis that sleep problems would be associated with more severe positive and negative symptoms in a transdiagnostic sample of individuals with psychosis (N = 90). Further, we examined whether sleep would be related to negative symptoms above and beyond the contribution of paranoia, other positive symptoms, and depression-anxiety. Results replicated prior research in finding that both sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment were related to more severe paranoia, other positive symptoms and depression-anxiety. Consistent with our hypothesis, more severe sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment were related to greater negative symptoms; this was evident across both motivation-pleasure deficits and diminished expression. Sleep variables remained significantly related to motivation-pleasure deficits even after controlling for other non-negative symptoms. These results indicate the broad symptom impact of sleep disturbances and may suggest a novel treatment target to improve negative symptoms.

Insight across mental disorders: A multifaceted metacognitive phenomenon

Insight across mental disorders: A multifaceted metacognitive phenomenon

Impairment of the еmotion control and social functioning in psychoses with depressive-paranoid symptoms

Background. The problem of social functioning is one of the most relevant at the present stage. Over the past decades, first being in the sphere of interests of social psychiatry it has become one of the main focuses of research in clinical psychiatry. The number of works on this topic is increasing and motivating researchers to look for predictors of violations in social functioning. Recently, a lot of attention in these studies is devoted to the study of social cognition. Though, the studies are carried out within the framework of individual nosology types. At the same time, in our opinion, it would be interesting to expand the study using the syndromological approach in the "broad field" of psychotic disorders.
 Aim. Study of social cognition in patients with depressive-paranoid symptoms in psychotic disorders with the following nosology types: paranoid schizophrenia (F 20.0), schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (F25.1) and recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe with psychotic symptoms of inpatient treatment at the stage of remission.
 Materials and methods. 61 patients have been examined. They are divided into three groups according to nosology types: 1 group - 21 patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (F 20.0 - Sch), group 2 - 23 patients diagnosed with depressive type of schizoaffective disorder (F 25.1 - SchAD) ) and group 3 - 17 patients suffering from recurrent depressive disorder (F 33.3 - RDD). The evaluation of social cognition, namely the level of emotion management, was conducted using the Russian-language version of the test of J. Meier, P. Selovey and D. Caruso "Emotional Intelligence" (MSCEIT V. 2.0) in the adapted version of E.A. Sergienko, I.I. Vetrova [1] *. One of the four branches of the test was used, namely, "Emotion Management", as well as PANSS and PSP scales.
 Results. The MSCEIT test emotion control scales are within the normal range, but the ratios are different in three groups: in the group of patients with Sch (and is the highest among the three groups), the indicators of the regulation scale of their own emotional states in relation to the indicators of emotional regulation of the states of other people prevail. The opposite picture is observed in the group of patients with SchAD. At the same time, the group of patients with RDD has low rates on both scales, but they are close to the lower boundary of the norm. Consequently, at each of the nosology types there is a specificity of cognitive impairment caused by the major disease. It is also indicative that the clinical picture of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is similar but opposite in terms of MSCEIT indicators. The revealed link of indicators of the function of managing emotions and the level of social functioning allows us to determine the "targets" for rehabilitation programs in Sch (regulation of emotional states of other people) and RDD (regulation of their own emotional states). However, in this study, no such "targets" have been detected in the SchAD. There has been detected no clear link between the level of social functioning and the severity of the negative (deficient) symptoms, which for a long time has been considered the main factor of social maladaptation, but our data require additional research and more observations.
 Conclusion. The connection of certain psychopathological symptoms with the indicators of emotional management function allows to determine the "risk groups" among patients with each of the nosology types, which in advance can direct psychotherapeutic or psycho-rehabilitation measures focused on the correction of detected cognitive impairments.

Sex Differences in the Olfactory System: a Functional MRI Study

Olfactory dysfunction is an early marker of neurological disease and a common symptom in psychotic disorders. Previous anatomical and functional research suggests that sex effects may be crucial in the assessment of the olfactory system. Nonetheless, the neural mechanisms through which the factor sex impacts olfactory perception are still not well understood. In this context, we use fMRI to investigate sex differences in the passive processing of chemical stimuli, in order to obtain new neuroscientific data that may help improve the assessment of odor perception. Thirty healthy subjects (17 women) were stimulated with mint and butanol (event-related design) in a 3.0-T MRI scanner. A one-sample t test analysis was performed in order to observe olfactory-related activations. Intergroup differences (women vs. men) and the influence of each aroma were analyzed using a 2 × 2 ANOVA and post hoc contrasts. Men and women showed differential activity (males > females) in right superior/middle temporal areas, the right inferior frontal cortex, and the hypothalamus. Both groups showed a predominance of the right hemisphere for the processing of odors. Functional differences between women and men in olfaction are not restricted to specific sensory areas and reflect a more general sex-dependent effect in multisensory integration processes. Considering sex differences is essential in order to develop more specific and efficient strategies for the assessment and rehabilitation of the olfactory system and for the interpretation of the olfactory loss as an early biomarker of neurological and psychiatric diseases.

S49. EFFICACY OF HIGH-FREQUENCY REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION ON PANSS FACTORS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH PREDOMINANT NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS – RESULTS FROM AN EXPLORATORY RE-ANALYSIS

BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left frontal lobe is discussed to be a promising add-on treatment for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) has been used as outcome parameter in several previous rTMS trials, but studies focusing on PANSS factor analyses are lacking.For this purpose, we used the available PANSS data of the ‘rTMS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia’ (RESIS) trial to calculate different literature-based PANSS factors and to re-evaluate the impact of rTMS on negative symptoms in this trial.MethodsIn an exploratory re-analysis of published data from the RESIS study (Wobrock et al. 2015), we tested the impact of rTMS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on two PANSS factors for negative symptoms in psychotic disorders as well as on a PANSS five-factor consensus model intending to show that active rTMS treatment improves PANSS negative symptom subscores.ResultsIn accordance to the original analysis, all PANSS factors showed an improvement over time in the active and, to a considerable extent, also in the sham rTMS group. However, comparing the data before and directly after the rTMS intervention, the PANSS excitement factor improved in the active rTMS group significantly more than in the sham group, but this finding did not persist if follow-up data were taken into account. These additional analyses extend the previously reported RESIS trial results showing unspecific improvements in the PANSS positive subscale in the active rTMS group.Our PANSS factor-based approach to investigate the impact of prefrontal rTMS on different negative symptom domains confirmed no overall beneficial effect of the active compared to sham rTMS.DiscussionThis secondary analysis of the RESIS trials has several limitations. First of all, the analysis of the primary endpoint was negative [24] and all subsequent secondary analyses showing a positive effect of the intervention (here: change in PANSS excitement factor) are of limited statistical power and therefore subject to uncertainty. On the other hand, our analyses confirm the negative finding of the original publication extends this finding to a broader negative symptom definition. Moreover, the new analysis provides a possible, but hypothetical explanation for the previously described effect of active rTMS on PANSS positive subscale. Of course, many other PANSS factor models are available and in pharmacological research the Marder factors [23, 35] have particular significance. However, the here used five-factor consensus model [21] includes the Marder factor results and our negative symptom factors overlaps with those factors. Another limitation is that it may be possible that our sham stimulation (coil tilted over one wing at an angle of 45°[24]) may still have been slightly biologically active as discussed elsewhere [24].

Obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms in psychotic disorders: longitudinal associations of symptom clusters on between- and within-subject levels

Obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) are frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia and have been associated with subjective distress and higher impairment. Recent studies suggest fluctuation in co-occurring OCS and associations with the course of psychotic symptoms. Current evidence is limited by few studies with long assessments intervals and a sole focus on between-subject comparisons. The aim of this study was to specifically investigate co-variation of symptom domains over time within individuals. Patients with a psychotic disorder (n = 56) and un-affected siblings (n = 49) completed monthly assessments of clinical and subclinical symptoms over 6 months. Mixed-model multilevel analyses examined the variability and relationship between OCS and positive, negative, and depressive symptoms on the between- and within-subject level. Symptom domains were associated across subjects and assessment times, in patients and siblings, with the strongest association between OCS and (subclinical) positive symptoms. Within-subjects, substantial variability and co-variation of all symptom domains was found. Particularly, between-subject differences in positive symptoms and within-subject change in depressive symptoms predicted subsequent OCS in patients 1 months later. This is the first prospective study disaggregating between and within-subject associations between co-occurring OCS and symptom cluster of psychosis. Differences on these two levels suggest different underlying mechanisms. The association between depressive symptoms and subsequent increase/decrease of OCS within patients may have important treatment implications.

Efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on PANSS factors in schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms – Results from an exploratory re-analysis

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left frontal lobe is discussed to be a promising add-on treatment for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) has been used as outcome parameter in several previous rTMS trials, but studies focusing on PANSS factor analyses are lacking. For this purpose, we used the available PANSS data of the ‘rTMS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia’ (RESIS) trial to calculate different literature-based PANSS factors and to re-evaluate the impact of rTMS on negative symptoms in this trial. In an exploratory re-analysis of published data from the RESIS study (Wobrock et al. 2015), we tested the impact of rTMS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on two PANSS factors for negative symptoms in psychotic disorders as well as on a PANSS five-factor consensus model intending to show that active rTMS treatment improves PANSS negative symptom subscores. In accordance to the original analysis, all PANSS factors showed an improvement over time in the active and, to a considerable extent, also in the sham rTMS group. However, comparing the data before and directly after the rTMS intervention, the PANSS excitement factor improved in the active rTMS group significantly more than in the sham group, but this finding did not persist if follow-up data were taken into account. These additional analyses extend the previously reported RESIS trial results showing unspecific improvements in the PANSS positive subscale in the active rTMS group. Our PANSS factor-based approach to investigate the impact of prefrontal rTMS on different negative symptom domains confirmed no overall beneficial effect of the active compared to sham rTMS.

The role of cognitive functioning in the relationship between childhood trauma and a mixed phenotype of affective-anxious-psychotic symptoms in psychotic disorders

Cognitive impairments in patients with psychotic disorder have been associated with poor functioning and increased symptom severity. Furthermore, childhood trauma (CT) exposure has been associated with worse cognitive functioning as well as co-occurrence of affective-anxious-psychosis symptoms or a ‘mixed phenotype of psychopathology’ (MP), which in turn is associated with greater symptom severity, and poor functioning. This study aims to evaluate if cognition could be associated with CT/MP.532 patients with non-affective psychotic patients were assessed on CT, symptom profile, cognition, functioning, and symptom severity at baseline and 3 and 6-year follow-up. Four subgroups were made according to trauma exposure (CT− or CT+) and presence of a mixed phenotype (MP− or MP+): CT−/MP (n=272), CT−/MP+ (n=157), CT+/MP− (n=49), and CT+/MP+ (n=54). Mixed-effects multilevel regression, linear regression, and Tobit analyses were performed.Patients with both CT and MP showed lower verbal learning and memory than CT−/MP+ individuals (p<0.001). No other significant differences were found among the 4 subgroups. No cognitive decline was found at follow-up, neither in the CT+/MP− nor in CT−/MP− group. Lower cognition was not associated with increased symptom severity or poor functioning at follow-up, neither in the CT+/MP− nor in CT−/MP− group.Although cognitive impairments and CT may be related to clinical or functional features of psychotic disorder, and cognitive functioning could be affected by CT exposure, cognition does not discriminate subgroups of patients stratified by CT exposure and MP.

Features of emotional intelligence and its connection with level of social functioning in patients with depressive-paranoid symptoms

IntroductionThe problem of social functioning of psychiatric patients is one of the most relevant these days.ObjectivesStudying characteristics of emotional intelligence parameters in patients with depressive-paranoid symptoms in psychotic disorders in the structure of F 20.0, F25.1 and F33.3.Participants Study involved 40 patients divided into three groups according to nosology:– Group 1: F 20.0;– Group 2: F 25.1;– Group 3: F 33.3.MethodsMSCEIT (Russian version of the adapted version of Sergienko O.O., Vetrova I.I.), the scale of PANSS and PSP.ResultsThe highest rates are in the group F25.1, except for the scale D. In group F 20.0 compared to other scales reduced scale index N. In group F 33.3 reduced compared to the scales A and E are indicators of scales D and H. 2. The observed negative correlation scale D performance of N5, G1, G5, G8, G14 (PANSS) in group F 20.0 and positive correlation in group F 33.3 of G6. E indicators scales show positive correlation with G3, group F20.0, and F33.3. Also was found a negative correlation with the performance scale O13 H group F20.0. 3. The positive correlation between the level of social functioning and performance scale H group F20.0 scales and indicators in the group D F33.3.ConclusionThe findings are the “resource area”, which have become “target” of rehabilitation programs for this group of patients.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.