Childhood cancer has its own very different characteristics from adult cancer. The cells that suffer a mutation in the genetic material are unable to mature as they should and remain with similar characteristics to the embryonic cell, multiplying rapidly and in a disorderly manner.The main objective of this article is to describe some of the generalities of childhood tumors and to describe the warning signs that should prompt pediatricians to refer their patients to a specialist. This article is a systematic review, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, which seeks to identify the types of childhood cancer and treatment regimens established by the current literature on the subject. Cancer treatment begins with a correct diagnosis, which requires the participation of a reliable laboratory and imaging studies. Due to its complexity, treatment must be carried out in a specialized center and comprises three main modalities (chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy, when necessary), being applied rationally and individually for each specific tumour and according to the extent of the disease. The work coordinated by a multi-professional team is also a determining factor in the success of the treatment. Most of the symptoms of Childhood Cancer are much more likely to be caused by other reasons, such as an injury or infection. Even so, if your child has any of the symptoms mentioned in this article, consult a doctor so that the cause can be diagnosed and, if necessary, treatment started.